Why Gateways are Important in Your IoT Architecture

2. Agenda • IoT Architectural Components Overview • Gateway Discussion • Benchmarks and Partners 2

3. Components of a Traditional Internet of Things Architecture Sensor Data History Sensors Operational data in the Cloud In-memory Analytics Dashboards / Predictive Analytics Publish / Subscribe Cloud Infrastructure Bid data / Context Computing Real-Time Analytics Real-time Analytics Operational Analytics Big Data Analytics 3

4. IoT Components including Gateways Sensor Data History Sensors Informix / Cloudant / IoT Foundation Service / TimeSeries Service REST, NoSQL, Relational, Timeseries, Spatial storage & Operational Analytics Informix Warehouse Accelerator SPSS / Cognos / PMQ Message Sight / MQTT SoftLayer / BlueMix BigInsights / DashDB / Identity Insights / Watson Infosphere Streams = IBM products = IBM Database Predictive analytics and dashboard Cloud infrastructure Hadoop / Big Data analytics / Context Computing Publish / Subscribe Real-time analytics Real-time Analytics Operational Analytics Big Data Analytics In-memory Analytics (no gateway) Gateways for local analytics 4

5. 1. Gateways can reduce the cost of the backend cloud • Reduces cloud storage by filtering/aggregating/analyzing data locally • Reduces cloud CPU requirements by precomputing values 2. Reduces latency since actions can be taken immediately • Intelligent gateways can detect and respond to local events as they happen rather than waiting for transfer to the cloud 3. Some users are not comfortable putting all their data in the cloud • Gateways allow customers to capture and get value from their sensors without sending data to the cloud 4. Protocol Consolidation • Cloud does not need to implement the 100’s of IoT protocols Over time more and more of the processing will move from the cloud to gateway devices How Do Gateways Help IoT Solutions? 5

6. What are the Requirements for a Gateway Database? • The database management system must: Have a small install footprint, less than 100 MB Run with low memory requirements – less than 256 MB Use lossless compression or other techniques to minimize storage space Have built-in support for common types of IoT data like time series and spatial/GIS data Simple application development supporting both NoSQL and SQL Require absolutely no administration Ideally should be able to network multiple gateways together to create a single distributed database 6 The database must be powerful enough to ingest, process and analyze data in real-time

7. IBM Informix: The Ideal Database for Gateways Simple to use Hands-Free operation – No administration Supports popular interfaces such as REST and Mongo as well as ODBC/JDBC Handles SQL and JSON data in the same database Performance One of a kind support for Time Series and Spatial data Stream data continuously into the database Run analytics as data arrives Dynamically add and update analytics when needed Storage is typically 1/3 the size compared to other vendors Invisible Agile 7 Informix is the only database management system perfectly suited to run in Gateways

8. Sensor Data is Time Series Data 8 • What is a Time Series? A logically connected set of records order by time • What are the Key Strengths of Informix TimeSeries? Much less space required • Typically about 1/3 the space required by other vendors Queries run orders of magnitude faster • Unique optimized storage means codes paths are shorter and more data fits in memory Purpose built streaming data loader for sensor data • Automatically run analytic and/or aggregate functions on new data Can store structured (SQL) or unstructured (JSON) data for quick application development • REST/ODBC/JDBC/JSON interfaces available 100’s of functions predefined • Programming APIs available to create your own analytics

9. Traditional Table Approach Informix TimeSeries Approach Meter_ID Time KWH Voltage ColN 1 1-1-11 12:00 Value 1 Value 2 Value N 2 1-1-11 12:00 Value 1 Value 2 Value N 3 1-1-11 12:00 Value 1 Value 2 Value N 1 1-1-11 12:15 Value 1 Value 2 Value N 2 1-1-11 12:15 Value 1 Value 2 Value N 3 1-1-11 12:15 Value 1 Value 2 Value N Meter_ID Series 1 [(1-1-11 12:00, value 1, value 2, , value N), (1-1-11 12:15, value 1, value 2, , value N), ] 2 [(1-1-11 12:00, value 1, value 2, , value N), (1-1-11 12:15, value 1, value 2, , value N), ] 3 [(1-1-11 12:00, value 1, value 2, , value N), (1-1-11 12:15, value 1, value 2, , value N), ] 4 [(1-1-11 12:00, value 1, value 2, , value N), (1-1-11 12:15, value 1, value 2, , value N), ] Traditional Time Series Storage VS Informix TimeSeries Storage 9

10. IoT Requirements for Temporal Spatial Data • Many IoT applications have a spatial component to them Vehicles, cell phones, even pets tracking is common • In these cases both location and time is important Show me the vehicles that have passed by location X in the last hour Where has my cat been over the last few hours? • Informix allows you to combine Time series and Spatial data in the same query 10

11. Informix Handles Structured and Unstructured Data • There is no common format for sensor data Vendor 1 sends just temperature, Vendor 2 sends temperature plus pressure • Informix is the only product to handle structured and unstructured data simultaneously in the same database Allows your gateway to store structured information about the sensor itself as well as the unstructured sensor readings in one database • Informix translates between structured and unstructured on the fly Allows SQL apps to access the unstructured data and Mongo apps to access the structured data Structured and unstructured data can be combined in a single query • “Give me all the temperature data for sensors made by manufacturer X between Jan 1 and Feb 1” 11

12. Benchmarks and Partners 12

13. Benchmark: Informix vs SQLite • Hardware tested: Intel Quark based gateway: • DK50 and DK100 gateways • Intel Quark SoC X1020D single core, 400MHz, 32 bit processor • 256MB DDR3 memory (DK50), 1 GB DDR3 memory (DK100) • MicroSD for disk • Software Wind River Linux platform Informix Database server version 12.10 SQLite Version 3.7.10 13

14. Benchmark: Informix vs SQLite 14 Tests on Intel Quark Informix SQLite Data loading – high-speed performance (records per second) 950 / 1050 secs (DK100 / DK50)1 700 secs (Average)2 Storage space that is required for 1 day of data 275 MB 1200 MB Aggregation query (seconds) 2 secs 4-25 secs Moving average (seconds) 25 secs 2592003 secs Missing interval search (seconds) 2 secs 14-30 secs 1. The two figures for data loading with Informix reflect a slight difference in performance between the DK100 and DK50. DK100 had more running components causing a drop in performance vs DK50 2. Data loading with SQLite had significant variations in load performance as the database size increased. 3. The moving average result for SQLite is a projected figure that is based on a partial result after 10 minutes.

15. Metric Competitor Informix Daily processing time Maximum number of cores used 11 hours 62 5 hour 50 min 32 Maximum amount of memory used 192GB 192GB Size of database per month of data 15TB 5TB # Records processed each day 2.88 Billion 2.88 Billion Billing determinants creation (1/21 of the total meter population) 51,322 ~2 million reads per second TimeSeries Meter Data Management Benchmark - 30 million smart meters sending data every 15 minutes - 2.88 billion records inserted each day - Workload: data Ingestion, data cleanup, and a daily billing cycle 15

16. IBM Informix and Intel Deliver Leading Edge Solutions for IoT Informix support for Intel’s new Quark processor, now supporting Intel family, from Quark to Xeon. Quark port in the free Informix Developer Edition Informix Developer Edition available as part of standard Intel Gateway developer SDK Combining IBM and Intel’s strength at the Edge, Gateway and in the Cloud provides an intelligent, e2e IoT solution for rapid time to market. Intel® Quark™ SoC / Intel® Atom™ / Intel® Xeon™ Windriver McAfee Security Supports OSGI/TR69 Informix Database 16

17. • Solution from business partners Shaspa, Tatung, and ST-Micro Runs on ARM and Intel Quark/Atom chip sets 512MB to 1GB of memory 1GB to 4GB of storage Wireless/Bluetooth receiver 3 inch by 2 inch form factor • Software components in SmartGate Informix enterprise edition Webserver Debian Linux Connectivity to the TimeSeries cloud service Support for common device communication protocols, including: • Enocean, KNX, Modbus, CANOpen, Zigbee, ZWave, DALI, MBus, SNMP, MPBus 17 Solution Provider Shaspa’s SmartGate Gateway Built with Informix Informix Database Inside 17

18. IBM Informix Supports Flexible Development on HP Moonshot Announcing • IBM Informix is available on HP's new micro server and is the only commercially available database to run on HP ProLiant Moonshot. • Informix offers a unique and efficient data architecture that provides flexible grid technology and enables commercial grade workloads to take advantage of these new server economies. 18

19. (Kevin Brown – kbrown3@us.ibm.com) IMP14855-USEN-00