1. TESTING, SCREENING AND IMPROVING SALT
TOLERANCE OF DURUM WHEAT GENETIC RESOURCES
CHAABANE RAMZI, SAIDI ABDELKADER, ROUISSI MUSTAPHA,
INAGAKI MASANORI, BARI ABDALLAH

2. • Fresh water is a scarce resource.
• World Meteorological Organization, 2.5% is
fresh water
• Changes in climatic variables, can increase
the salinity problems
• Improving salt tolerance of plants has been
proposed as part of the solution to some of
these problems.
INTRODUCTION

3. Salt tolerant cultivars = overcoming a
variety of difficulties:
Valuable genetic resources
screening method
Large number of genetic
resources
Breeding technologies

4. Plant material (2012-2013)
• 4 Australian (CSIRO) lines: NAX1 027-
NAX1 207 - NAX2 04 - NAX2 42
• A line (CBD27)
• 18 Tunisian cultivars: Azizi, Baidha,
Ben Bechir, Beskri, Bidi, Chile, Inrat 69
Karim, Khiar, Maali, Maghrbi,
Mahmoudi, Nasr, Om Rabi, Razzek,
Richi, Salim, SwabaEljia.

5. • Semi-controlled conditions: Carriage + Shelter
• Three replicate of two treatments:
- Saline: 150 mM NaCl;
- Fresh water : control.
• Growth, Development, Reproductive, Physiological and Final
Harvest Parameters
• STI : Observation at salinity divided the average controls

6. RESULTS

7. • Parameters significantly (p < 0.05) affected
– Spike-bearing tillers per plant
– Plant height at 60, 90, 120 and 150 DAS
– Heading date
– Shoot dry weight
– Root weight
– Chlorophyll content (SPAD Unit) 90 and 150 DAS
• Parameters less affected
– Flowering date
Growth, Development, Reproductive and
Physiological Parameters

8. • Parameters significantly (p < 0.05)
affected
– Number of spike per plant
– Number of spikelets per spike
– Number of grains per spike
– 1000 kernel weight
– Grain yield per plant
• Parameters less affected
– Spike length
Harvest Parameters

9. Tillage
Fig.1: Mean tiller number per plant in
salinity treatment (T1) and control (T0)
Genotypes STI
KHIAR 0,46 A
KERIM 0,51 Ab
BIDI 0,53 Ab
NASR 0,54 Ab
INRAT69 0,58 Ab
RAZZEK 0,59 Ab
BENBECHIR 0,65 Ab
NAX1-027 0,67 Ab
OMRABIAA 0,67 Ab
MAGHRBI 0,69 Ab
CBD27 0,71 Ab
NAX1-207 0,71 Ab
SELIM 0,72 Ab
MAALI 0,74 Ab
CHILI 0,75 Ab
MAHMOUDI 0,78 Ab
NAX2-04 0,8 Ab
NAX2-42 0,8 Ab
BESKRI 0,84 Abc
BAIDHA 0,87 Abc
AZIZI 1 Bc
RICHI 1 Bc
SWEBAELJIA 1,22 C
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
M
A
HM
O
U
D
I
O
M
R
ABIA
AKE
R
IM
SE
LIM
M
A
G
H
R
BIKH
IA
R
N
AS
R
BE
N
BEC
H
IR
R
AZZEKC
BD
27IN
R
AT69
BID
IM
A
ALI
C
H
ILI
SW
EBA
ELJIA
R
IC
H
I
BA
ID
H
ABE
SKR
IAZIZI
N
AX
1-207
N
AX
1-027N
AX
2-42N
AX
2-04
talles/plante
T0
T1
Tiller/plant

10. Shoot dry weight
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
M
AH
M
O
U
DIO
M
R
ABIAA
KER
IM
SELIM
M
AG
H
R
BI
KH
IAR
N
ASRBEN
BECH
IR
R
AZZEK
C
BD27
IN
R
AT69
BID
I
M
AALI
C
HILI
SW
EBAELJIA
R
IC
HI
BAID
H
A
BESKR
I
AZIZIN
AX1-207
N
AX1-027
N
AX2-42
N
AX2-04
(g)
T0
T1
Genotypes STI
OMRABIAA 0,35 A
INRAT69 0,42 A
MAALI 0,42 A
KHIAR 0,45 ab
NAX1-207 0,45 ab
NAX2-04 0,46 ab
RAZZEK 0,47 ab
NAX1-027 0,48 ab
SELIM 0,49 ab
CHILI 0,52 ab
BAIDHA 0,52 ab
BESKRI 0,53 ab
RICHI 0,54 ab
BIDI 0,54 ab
CBD27 0,56 ab
MAGHRBI 0,58 ab
SWEBAELJ 0,59 ab
AZIZI 0,61 ab
BENBECHIR 0,65 ab
NASR 0,66 ab
KERIM 0,68 ab
MAHMOUDI 0,70 ab
NAX2-42 0,89 B
Fig.2: Mean shoot dry weight (g/plant) in
salinity treatment (T1) and control (T0)

11. 0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
M
AHM
O
UD
I
O
M
RABIAA
KER
IM
SELIMM
AG
HRBI
KHIAR
NASR
BEN
BEC
HIRRAZZEK
CBD27INRAT69
BID
I
M
AALI
CH
ILI
SW
EBAELJIA
RICH
IBAIDH
A
BESKRI
AZIZINAX1-207NAX1-027NAX2-42NAX2-04
(g)
T0
T1
Génotypes ITS
OMRABIAA 0,22 A
INRAT69 0,25 A
RAZZEK 0,30 A
MAALI 0,31 A
NAX1-207 0,32 A
NAX2-04 0,33 A
SELIM 0,38 A
NAX2-42 0,39 A
BIDI 0,40 A
KERIM 0,45 AB
BAIDHA 0,45 AB
KHIAR 0,45 AB
NAX1-027 0,47 AB
MAGHRBI 0,47 AB
BENBECHIR 0,49 AB
SWEBAELJIA 0,49 AB
CHILI 0,49 AB
BESKRI 0,50 AB
CBD27 0,56 AB
RICHI 0,57 AB
AZIZI 0,57 AB
NASR 0,58 AB
MAHMOUDI 0,75 B
Grain yield
Fig.3: Mean grain yield (g/plant) in salinity
treatment (T1) and control (T0)

12. 0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
MAHMOUDI
OMRABIAA
KERIM
SELIM
MAGHRBI
KHIAR
NASR
BENBECHIR
RAZZEK
CBD27
INRAT69
BIDI
MAALI
CHILI
SWEBAELJIA
RICHI
BAIDHA
BESKRI
AZIZI
NAX1-207
NAX1-027
NAX2-42
NAX2-04
T0 T1
Root dry weight (g) Génotypes ITS
KHIAR 0,06 A
CHILI 0,08 A
BIDI 0,08 A
CBD27 0,09 A
AZIZI 0,11 A
OMRABIAA 0,12 A
BAIDHA 0,13 A
BENBECHI 0,13 A
INRAT69 0,15 A
MAHMOUDI 0,16 A
RAZZEK 0,19 A
SELIM 0,20 A
BESKRI 0,25 A
MAGHRBI 0,27 A
KERIM 0,33 A
MAALI 0,35 A
SWEBAELJ 0,37 A
NAX2-42 0,40 A
RICHI 0,44 A
NASR 0,47 A
NAX2-04 1,07 A
NAX1-207 1,26 A
NAX1-027 4,90 B
A B
SALINITY CONTROL Fig.4: Root dry weight (g/plant)
Nax Lines

13. Salt screening parameters
Parameter
(1)
STI
(2)
Correlations
(3)
Tiller number *** *** 0.33*
Shoot dry weight *** ** 0.57*
Plant Height 90 DAS *** * 0.31*
SPAD 90 DAS *** * 0.26*
Grains per spike *** ** 0.42*
1000 kernel weight *** * 0.61*
final yield *** *** -
Table1: Significantly affected parameters (1), STI distinguishing
Significantly between vraities (2) and significant correlations between
STI of the parameter and STI of final yield
*** Very highly significant, ** Highly Significant, * Significant

14. Salt tolerant cultivars = overcoming a
variety of difficulties:
Valuable genetic resources
screening method
Large number of genetic
resources
Breeding technologies

15. INRAT-ICARDA
(2013-2014)
CONFIRM THE SCREENING METHOD
TESTING THE FIGS STRATEGY
FOR MINIMISING THE NUMBER
OF GENTIC RESOURCES TO BE
SCREENED

16. Fig. 5: FIGS strategy

17. Putative tolerant to salt stress
Putative sensible to salt stress
Non specified
Fig.6: Geographical distribution of the FIGS sets based on a prior
information (Climate data)
Plant Material
35 durum wheat landraces putative salt tolerant, 5 putative sensible and
10 unspecified according the pricipe of FIGS

18. order_ori icarda_ig site_code origin subset dhe Set_type
1 89017 ETH64:131 ETH 0 135 random_set
2 96203 MAR87-1:31 MAR 0 119 random_set
3 43330 OMN87:142 OMN 0 132 random_set
4 95853 SYR87-1:55 SYR 0 149 random_set
5 94651 TUN77::9 TUN 0 132 random_set
6 93977 DZA75::43 DZA 1 135 salinity_set
7 93963 DZA75::43 DZA 1 137 salinity_set
8 93978 DZA75::43 DZA 1 138 salinity_set
9 93151 DZA75::95 DZA 1 139 salinity_set
10 87457 EGY::12 EGY 1 140 salinity_set
11 83479 EGY-S55 EGY 1 140 salinity_set
12 83477 EGY-S55 EGY 1 141 salinity_set
13 87438 EGY-S56 EGY 1 142 salinity_set
14 83366 EGY-S57 EGY 1 146 salinity_set
15 85847 ESP-S1603 ESP 1 140 salinity_set
16 85846 ESP-S1603 ESP 1 146 salinity_set
17 85020 ESP-S1946 ESP 1 147 salinity_set
18 85028 ESP-S1947 ESP 1 142 salinity_set
19 85714 GRC56::11 GRC 1 134 salinity_set
20 85715 GRC56::12 GRC 1 136 salinity_set
21 84830 IND47/48::45 IND 1 148 salinity_set
22 84882 IND47/48::6 IND 1 140 salinity_set
23 86075 IND-S413 IND 1 134 salinity_set
24 85632 IRN-S235 IRN 1 145 salinity_set
Table 4 :Plant material

19. 25 85457 IRN-S406 IRN 1 149 salinity_set
26 83091 IRQ-S176 IRQ 1 155 salinity_set
27 96252 JOR83-2::46 JOR 1 117 salinity_set
28 96367 MAR85:112 MAR 1 NA salinity_set
29 95843 SYR87-1:49 SYR 1 132 salinity_set
30 95839 SYR87-1:49 SYR 1 149 salinity_set
31 96150 SYR88-2:2 SYR 1 132 salinity_set
32 84454 TUR48::255 TUR 1 141 salinity_set
33 84776 TUR48::588 TUR 1 145 salinity_set
34 82878 TUR48D:1 TUR 1 139 salinity_set
35 82738 TUR48D:242 TUR 1 141 salinity_set
36 82181 UZB::10 UZB 1 148 salinity_set
37 82233 UZB-S149 UZB 1 148 salinity_set
38 82553 ESP27::46 ESP 1 193 salinity_set
39 82635 IRN40::12 IRN 1 189 salinity_set
40 95836 SYR87-1:49 SYR 1 194 salinity_set
41 var01 Mahmoudi Unknown
42 var02 Nasr Unknown
43 var03 Selim Unknown
44 var04 Kerim Unknown
45 var05 NAX1_027 Unknown
46 var06 NAX1_207 Unknown
47 var07 NAX2_041 Unknown
48 var08 NAX2_042 Unknown
49 var09 Khiar Unknown
50 var10 Maali Unknown
Nax
lines

20. Fig.7: Salinity experimental cite
(2013-2014)

21. Fig.7: Salinity experimental cite
(2013-2014)

22. Fig. 8 Pots
(12.5 cm diameter/1m hight )
Better evaluation of root development

23. T0
T1
Fig.9: A putative tolerant landrace (N°44) in salt treatment (T1)
and control (T0)
Jun 2014

24. Salt tolerant cultivars = overcoming a
variety of difficulties:
Valuable genetic resources
screening method
Large number of genetic
resources
Breeding technologies

25. Parvatz Ahmed, MNV Prasad. Abiotic stress responses in plants metabolism
productivity and sustainability.

26. Nax1 (gwm312) marker in Tunisian durum
wheat varieties
(2% Agarose gel)
1 OM RABIAA 236
2 KARIM 236
3 SALIM 236
4 MAGHRBI 236
5 KHIAR 199
6 NASR 199/236
7 BEN BECHIR 236
8 RAZZEK 236
9 INRAT 69 236
10 MAALI 236
11 CHILI 199
12 SWABAA ELJIA 199
13 RICHI 199
14 BAIDHA 236
15 BESKRI 199
16 AZIZI 199
17 NAX1 50207 199
18 NAX1 502027 199
19 NAX2 5042 236
20 NAX2 5004 236
21 MAHMOUDI 199
22 JNEH KHOTTIFA 236
23 KASSERINE 199
24 BIDI 199
25 KASSERINE 199

27. F1 CrossF1 Seeds F1 Seeds

28. BC1F1 2013-2014

29. Conclusions
• The semi controlled genetic ressources screening
conditions is an easy efficient and useful method for
simulating field conditions.
• The screening traits identified in the present study
should be confirmed on a larger number of genetic
ressources, in different years, conditions and regions.
• The FIGS approach is a useful and efficient tool for
reducing the large number of genetic ressources to be
evaluated. Reduce cost and efforts.
• Combining mutidisciplinary approaches and methods is
a useful way for genetic ressources testing, screening
and improving agronomically useful traits to resolve
and overcome climatic changes problems.

30. ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
ICARDA: Dr. Abdallah Bari,
Dr. Masanory Inagaki
Ministery of Agriculture of Tunisia
Ministry of higher education and
Scientific research of Tunisia

32. • Les pots à drainage libre sont déposés sur un
chariot permettant d’abriter les pots en conditions
de pluies.

33. Fig.7: Salinity experimental cite
(2013-2014)

34. Fig.7: Salinity experimental cite
(2013-2014)