ICOS Science Conference 2020, Session 12

1. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean
Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798
COS-OCS: Carbonyl Sulfide, new ways of
Observing the Climate System
Maarten Krol, Wageningen & Utrecht University
ICOS conference, 15-17 September 2020
Elena Popa, Linda Kooijmans, Huilin Chen, Sophie
Baartman, Jin Ma, Ara Cho, Peter Bosman
1

2. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean
Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798
2
COS: New ways of Observing the Climate System
equator N-poleS-pole
COS CO + S
hv
flux to stratosphere
aerosol deposition
tropopause
UT-LS exchange
SO2 SO4 COS
SSA
SSA
SSA
SSA
ITCZ
O3O3 SO2
20
40
Altitude(km)
COS contributes to Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol (SSA)

3. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean
Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798
equator N-poleS-pole
COS CO + S
hv
flux to stratospheretropopause
UT-LS exchange
SO2 SO4 COS
SSA
SSA
SSA
SSA
ITCZ
O3O3
20
40
Altitude(km)
SO2
COSCO2COS
Stratosphere
Troposphere
CO2
ocean
COS
COS
land biospherefire
? ?
?
?
?
COS: New ways of Observing the Climate System
Large uncertainties in the global COS budget hamper use as GPP tracer

4. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean
Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798
4
Method
Inverse modelling locally
Model: CLASS extended with COS
Free troposphere
Mixed layer
Surface layer
Soil
Vegetation layer
Entrainment:
COS, CO2 exchange
Dynamic height
CO2 respiration
Soil COS exchange
Soil COS diffusion,
production and
destruction
COS uptake by
vegetation,
Photosynthesis:
canopy model
Logarithmic
COS, CO2 profiles
Nonlinear model!
[COS], [CO2]
Height
Work in progress: an interpretation framework for biosphere observations
Peter Bosman (WUR)

5. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean
Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798
5
Method
Inverse modelling locally
Simple canopy model -> uptake and exchange for every layer
Coupled to CLASS and soil COS model
Leaf area density dependent radiation extinction and wind profile
Based on MLC-CHEM (Laurens Ganzeveld), Sun et al 2015 (numerics), Jan
Goudriaan,…
Model: CANOPY MODEL
Peter Bosman (WUR)
Work in progress: an interpretation framework for biosphere observations

6. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean
Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798
6
GlobalinversemodellingwithTM5-4DVAR:JinMa(UU)

7. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean
Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798
7
Kuai et al., JGR, 2015
Since then TES has not been used often for COS

8. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean
Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798
8

9. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean
Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798
COS feedback on the plant/soil flux
9
Original SIB4: 1053 GgS/yr
“Corrected” SIB4: 851 GgS/yr
Explains part of the flux
adjustments in S1 Ma, J. et al. Inverse
modelling of carbonyl
sulfide: implementation,
evaluation and
implications for the global
budget. Atmos Chem Phys
DIscuss 2020, 1–39 (2020).
Poster: Ara Cho

10. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean
Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798
First Preliminary AirCore COS profiles near Trainou (Fr) during RINGO
10PI: Huilin Chen

11. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean
Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798
11
Measurement system isotopologues: CO34S, CO33S
• Measure S+ fragments
with GC-IRMS
• 2 – 4 L samples
• Current 3 L precision
• 33S: 3.6‰
• 34S: 1.5‰
System includes opIon to
measure outside air at
Utrecht semi-conInuously

12. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean
Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798
12
Preliminary results from StratoClim campaign 2017, Kathmandu
• Campaign with high alItude
research aircraK Geophysica
• From Kathmandu during the Asian
Summer Monsoon AnIcyclone
• Samples between 10 and 20 km
• Campaign captured both Asian
industrial sources and older
stratospheric air
Adcock, K., Laube, J. (unpublished data)

13. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean
Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798
13
Note: uncalibrated isotope data! Only referenced to lab standard
• Clean air from Tibetan Plateau
• Captured stratospheric air above 18.5 km
• To be further analyzed and to be conInued..
Preliminary results from StratoClim campaign 2017, Kathmandu

14. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean
Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798
Planned: HEMERA balloon flight (2021)
14
Stratospheric balloon being launched from Kiruna. Picture from SSC
website: https://www.sscspace.com/hemera/
• Balloon sampling in Kiruna, Sweden
• August or September 2021
• Sampling up to 35 km
• Strong signal from photolysis expected
• Cryosampler:
• 15 whole air samples
• SelecIon flown with O3 destrucIng catalyst
• Measurements planned
• Age of air, chlorine and bromine budget (Andreas Engel)
• LISA sampler, AirCore (Huilin Chen & Steven van Heuven)
• CO2, CH4, H2O (Mélanie Ghysel-Dubois)
• Mega AirCore (Johannes Laube)
• COS isotopologues (Sophie Baartman & Elena Popa)

15. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean
Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798
Summary and plans
15
Several lines of research within the COS-OCS program:
• Stratosphere: effect on COS degradaIon on SSA and S-isotopes
• HEMERA 2021
• Troposphere:
• Exchange COS with the biosphere
• Chemistry of COS (role CS2, DMS)
• Techniques:
• AirCore technique to sample stratospheric COS, and tropospheric
gradients
• Isotopologues of COS (maybe also 13COS)
• Inverse modelling: assimilaIon of satellite data
• Modelling of isotopoloques
• InterpretaIon biosphere observaIons with inverse modelling