Presentation during IITA R4D week 2015 (23 - 27 Nov. 2015). By: Richard Asare, Laurence Jassogne, Piet van Asten, Sander Muilerman

1. www.iita.orgA member of CGIAR consortium
Climate smart intensification for coffee and
cocoa
Richard Asare, Laurence Jassogne, Piet van Asten, Sander
Muilerman
24th November 2015
(R4D Week 2015)

2. Climate smart intensification for coffee and cocoa
www.iita.orgA member of CGIAR consortium
2
Richard Asare, Laurence Jassogne, Piet van Asten, Sander Muilerman
Presentation at R4D Week 23-27 November 2015, Ibadan Nigeria

3. Introduction
• Coffee and cocoa contribute significantly to national economies in East and West Africa
• Millions of smallholder livelihoods depend on these crops for cash
• These crops have been used, accused and refused, e.g. cocoa
Objective:
Identifying constraints and opportunities for climate smart intensification of coffee and cocoa
in East and West Africa respectively
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4. Year 2050
- 134kg/ha
Equivalent to
- 60million USD
Of foreign export earnings per
annum
Climate change already has an impact on coffee:
example of Tanzania
Craparo et al. 2015www.iita.orgA member of CGIAR consortium
Craparo et al., 2015

5. Climate change has an impact on cocoa and coffee
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6. Cope Adjust Transform
Plant Existing high
yielding varieties
Fertilizers
Drought resistant
varieties, insects
New crops eg. cashew
Field Shade trees
GAP
Irrigation
New shade trees
GAP for new crops
Farm/livelihood Farm:
Management of
biomass
Livelihood:
gender, youth,
targeting
On-farm and off-
farm
diversification
Targeting farmers based on new
introduced crops
Community/Lan
dscape
Self-help teams
Erosion control
Use of
community land
in times of crisis
Trainings/FFS for new crops
Markets/value
chains
Certification
trainings
Financial services
to diversify
Financial services to introduce new
crops
Markets for new crops
Policy Multi-actor and multi-level platforms
Participatory planning
Systems framework
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7. Plant level
Cocoa and coffee:
• Germplasm
• Insects (Mirids)
• Foliar analysis
• Compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND)
• Soil analysis
• Fertilizer recommendations
Cote d’Ivoire
Uganda
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8. Field level
Shade trees in cocoa
Canopy cover and yield of cocoa
(triangles=with fertilizer,
crosses=without fertilizer) in
Atwima Nwabiagya, Amansie
West, Wassa Amenfi West and
Sefwi Wiawso.
The lines show the model
predictions (full lines=with
fertilizer, dashed line=without
fertilizer).
These model lines are drawn
inside the range of the canopy
cover in the four districts and two
fertilizer regimens, but for
visualization extended around
cover=0% for the subplots
without shade
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9. Field level
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Species # Mean
DBH
Mean
CA
Equation r2
Albizia adianthifolia 11 0.34 95.77 CA=273.47*dbh1.02
0.42
Albizia ferruginea 11 0.43 74.57 CA=140.02*dbh0.76
0.45
Amphimas pterocarpoides 24 0.34 48.09 CA=135.21*dbh1.12
0.66
Anthocleista nobilis 10 0.39 29.45 CA=129.83*dbh1.94
0.73
Bombax buonopozense 33 0.72 107.76 CA=137.03*dbh1.13
0.43
Ceiba pentandra 19 0.95 151.82 CA=131.43*dbh1.24
0.74
Cola nitida 26 0.35 48.11 CA=167.08*dbh1.32
0.63
Ficus capensis 11 0.49 85.13 CA=152.32*dbh0.96
0.62
Lannea welwitschii 17 0.36 70.54 CA=182.51*dbh1.18
0.48
Morinda lucida 49 0.33 38.38 CA=160.13*dbh1.52
0.61
Petersianthus macrocarpus 13 0.62 49.65 CA=76.07*dbbh0.79
0.57
Pterygota macrocarpa 10 0.82 112.88 CA=124.41*dbh0.63
0.58
Rauvolfia vomitoria 14 0.16 28.64 CA=387.11*dbh1.44
0.55
Spathodea campanulata 27 0.39 41.25 CA=199.10*dbh1.30
0.65
Sterculia tragacantha 33 0.31 46.00 CA=202.99*dbh1.32
0.67
Triplochiton scleroxylon 18 0.68 84.82 CA=104.76*dbh0.79
0.68
Relationship between CA and DBH of frequently used shade tree species
in Ashanti and Western regions of Ghana: (Asare & Raebild 2015)

10. Field level
Decision support tool for coffee and cocoa
10
10www.iita.orgA member of CGIAR consortium

11. Livelihood level
Which farmers should we target for cocoa and coffee intensification?
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12. Livelihood level
Support tools based on decision tree to target farmers
ENVIRONMENT
RESOURCES
AMBITION/ATTITUDES
ORIENTATION
Cope
Adjust
Transform
Land
Labor
Capital
Market
Subsistence
CSA matching tool
Recommendations for CSA
Pessimist Optimist Pragmatist Trapped
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13. Landscape/community level
Intensification for conserving the forest in the Congo basin – MITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE AT
LANDCAPE LEVEL
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14. Landscape/community level
Using cocoa agroforestry for forest connectivity in Ghana: Asare et al. (2014)
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15. Markets and value chains
• Scaling of CSA through existing training networks
• Farmer Field Schools
certification Finance Development
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16. Policy level
• Across scales: National – district – local
• Multi-stakeholder platforms – including private sector
• This (flexible) PROCESS is a journey not a destination
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17. Me da mo ase!
Thank you! Merci! Asante! Webale! Dank u wel! Danke! Gracias!
- PhD and MSc students
- IITA: Piet van Asten, Edidah Ampaire, Herbert Ainembabazi, Richard Asare, Ranjana Bhattacharjee, Stefan
Hauser, Sander Muilerman, Els Lecoutere, Franco Magnet, David Mukasa
- CIAT: Peter Laderach, Mark Lundy
- ICRAF/CIRAD: Philippe Vaast
- University of Goettingen: Sophie Graefe and Anthony Withbread
- WUR: Ken Giller, Pablo Titonnell, Walter Rossing, Johannes Scholberg
- University of Copenhagen: Anders Raebild, Andreas de Neergaard
- KUL: Roel Merckx
- NaCORI: Godfrey Kagezi, Wilberforce Wododa
- TACRi: Prof. Teri, Mr. Maro and Mrs. Suzana Mmbwambo
- CRIG: Dr. Kwapong
- HRNS: Stefan Cognini, David, Fortunate Paska, Ghislaine Bongers, Britta Deutsch
- Agro-Eco: Boudewijn van Elzakker, Willem-Albert Toose
- Root Capital: Frank Hicks, Benjamin Schmerler,
- Rainforest Alliance: Christian Mensah, Martin Noponen
www.iita.orgA member of CGIAR consortium