The LAMP (Linux/Apache HTTP Server/MySQL/PHP) stack has dominated web infrastructures, in the IoT it is believed a similar open source stack will dominate IoT deployments. This presentation will look at the new technology requirements and architectures required for IoT solutions. It will identify three stacks of software required by any IoT solution, and finally present how open source communities, such as the Eclipse IoT community, are already supplying the critical software technology needed by IoT solution providers. Presented at IoT Evolution, Feb 8 2017

1. 3 Software Stacks for IoT
Solutions
Ian Skerrett
Eclipse Foundation
@ianskerrett

2. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Eclipse Foundation
• Not-for-profit open source foundation
responsible for the Eclipse community
• 320+ open source projects
• Working groups for Geo-spatial tech, IoT,
System engineering and embedded dev.,
Science, Automotive, …
• 250+ members

3. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
IoT?
Applications
Collect, exchange
& analyze data

4. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
IoT?
Applications
Sensing / Actuating
Interact with the
physical world
Collect, exchange
& analyze data

5. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
IoT?
Applications
Networking & Data
Communications
Sensing / Actuating
Interact with the
physical world
Bridge the physical world
to the Internet
Collect, exchange
& analyze data

6. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Typical IoT Architecture
Devices
(sensors & actuators)
Applications
telemetry
commands
telemetry
commands
IoT Cloud
Platform
Gateways

7. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Role & Characteristics
DEVICE GATEWAY / SMART OBJECT CLOUD PLATFORM
constrained
low-power
specialized
connectivity
messaging
edge computing
scale out
integration
data analytics

8. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
The 3 IoT Software Stacks
TOOLS & SDKsONTOLOGIESSECURITY
CONSTRAINED DEVICES
Hardware
Abstraction Layer (HAL)
OS / RTOS
Communication
Remote
Management
Field protocols IoT protocols
IOT CLOUD PLATFORM
Connectivity
MessageRouting
OS / PaaS
Device
Management
Data
Management
Event Management,
Analytics & UI
Device
Registry
Application
Enablement
GATEWAYS AND SMART DEVICES
RemoteManagement
Application Runtime
Data Management
& Messaging
OS / RTOS
Connectivity
Field
protocols
IoT protocols
Network Management

9. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Communication
IoT Device Stack
OS / RTOS*
* optional
timers, tasks, file system, …
API enabling access to memory, GPIOs, MEMS,
serial interfaces ,…
Protocols such as Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Thread,
CAN bus, MQTT, CoAP, …
over-the-air firmware upgrade, health monitoring,
factory reset, …
OS / RTOS
Hardware
Abstraction Layer (HAL)
Remote
Management
Hardware
Abstraction Layer (HAL)
OS / RTOS
Communication
Remote
ManagementField protocols IoT protocols
CONSTRAINED DEVICES

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Application Runtime
Network Management
Data Management
& Messaging
IoT Gateway Stack
connect to different types of networks
ensure reliability, security (VPN, firewall, …)
local persistence (network latency)
offline mode
data analytics at the edge
Virtual Machine / Application container
GATEWAYS AND SMART DEVICES
RemoteManagement
Application Runtime
Data Management
& Messaging
OS / RTOS
Connectivity
Field protocols IoT protocols
Network Management

11. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
IoT Cloud Platform Stack
ingest and normalize huge amounts of data into
an enterprise backend
identify devices, allow for over-the-air software
provisioning, configuration changes, …
scalable data store, time series
IOT CLOUD PLATFORM
Connectivity
MessageRouting
OS / PaaS
Device
Management
Data
Management
Event Management,
Analytics & UI
Device
Registry
Application
Enablement
Connectivity
Message
Routing
Device
Registry
Device
Management
Data
Management

12. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
IoT Cloud Platform Stack (cont’d)
scalable event processing
create reports, graphs, dashboards, …
make decisions based on the data
expose API for application integration
Event Management,
Analytics & UI
Application
Enablement
IOT CLOUD PLATFORM
Connectivity
MessageRouting
OS / PaaS
Device
Management
Data
Management
Event Management,
Analytics & UI
Device
Registry
Application
Enablement

13. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Cross-layer concerns
SECURITY ONTOLOGIES TOOLS

14. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Characteristics of Open IoT Stacks
loosely coupled
modular
platform-independant
based on open standards
API

15. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Eclipse IoT?
Eclipse IoT is an open source community aimed at
building and promoting
open source software, open standards
& open collaboration models
needed to create an Open Internet of Things

16. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Our members

17. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Eclipse IoT…
from building blocks … to stacks
…

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Hardware
Abstraction Layer (HAL)
OS / RTOS
Communication
Remote
Management
Field
protocols
IoT protocols
CONSTRAINED DEVICES
OS Stack for IoT Devices
Wakaama
C implementation of OMA LWM2M
Portable on any POSIX-compliant system
C implementation of MQTT 3.1.1
< 2,000 lines of C ANSI code
JAVA API for MCUs
“Android for IoT”
Hardware
Abstraction Layer (HAL)
OS / RTOS
Communication
Remote
Management
Field
protocols
IoT protocols
CONSTRAINED DEVICES
OS Stack for IoT Devices
Wakaama
C implementation of OMA LWM2M
Portable on any POSIX-compliant system
C implementation of MQTT 3.1.1
< 2,000 lines of C ANSI code
JAVA API for MCUs
“Android for IoT”

19. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Eclipse Edje
Hardware Abstraction Java API for IoT embedded
systems
Peripheral management
Controller Communication Interfaces (Serial connection,
CAN, SPI, I²C)
Digital and Analog I/O (GPIO, ADC, DAC)
Scope
Target resource-constrained micro-controllers
Provide ready-to-use software packages for target hardware
Define a modular and easy to port framework

20. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Eclipse Edje requirements
Processor: 32-bits (e.g. Cortex-M0)
Frequency: 16 MHz
RAM: 32 KB
Flash: 128 KB
Example: STM32F4 Discovery
Processor: 32-bits Cortex-M4 (STM32F407VGT6)
Frequency: 168 MHz
RAM: 192 KB
Flash: 1 MB

21. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
OS Stack for IoT Gateways
OSGi implementation
Native support for MQTT
Serial, RS-485, BLE, MODBUS, OPC-UA,
CAN Bus, …
NAT, firewall, modem configuration, …
Remote Management over MQTT
Milo
GATEWAYS AND SMART DEVICES
RemoteManagement
Application Runtime
Data Management
& Messaging
OS / RTOS
Connectivity
Field protocols IoT protocols
Network Management

22. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Java VM
OSGi Application Container
Device Abstraction
Gateway Basic Services
Network Configuration
Network Management Field
Protocols
Connectivity and Delivery
AdministrationGUI
Operation&
Management
Linux
Hardware
App 1 App 2 App n. . . .
Applications
Eclipse Kura

23. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
GATEWAYS AND SMART DEVICES
RemoteManagement
Application Runtime
Data Management
& Messaging
OS / RTOS
Connectivity
Field protocols IoT protocols
Network Management
OS Stack for Home Automation
OSGi implementation
Rule engine to orchestrate “things”
Home automation protocols such as
Belkin WeMo, LIFX, Philips Hue, …
Remote firmware update through the GW
Web UI and API for remote control

24. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Eclipse SmartHome
Extension Points

25. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
OS Stack for IoT Cloud
IOT CLOUD PLATFORM

26. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
OS Stack for IoT Cloud
Device
Management
Device
Registry
IOT CLOUD PLATFORM

27. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Device
Management
Device
Registry
OS Stack for IoT Cloud
OMA LWM2M implementation in Java
built on top of Eclipse Californium (CoAP)
Manage software upgrade campaigns
independently of the actual DM protocol
IOT CLOUD PLATFORM

28. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Eclipse Leshan
Java implementation of OMA LWM2M
Sandbox hosted at http://leshan.eclipse.org

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Eclipse hawkBit

30. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
IOT CLOUD PLATFORM
Connectivity
OS Stack for IoT Cloud
C implementation of an MQTT server
MQTT 3.1.1 compliant
Scalable (1000 clients = 3MB RAM)
Extensible (e.g authentication plug-ins)

31. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
IOT CLOUD PLATFORM
Connectivity
MessageRouting
OS / PaaS
Device
Management
Data
Management
Event Management,
Analytics & UI
Device
Registry
Application
Enablement
OS Stack for IoT Cloud Platform
Abstract the actual communication
protocols via “protocol adapters”
Deploy on:
An Integration Platform for IoT Services
NoSQL data store
REST API

32. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Eclipse Hono
Eclipse Hono provides a uniform API for
interacting with millions of devices connected to
the cloud via arbitrary protocols
Example:
<<Protocol Adapter>>
MQTT
<<Application>>
‘Track my
Tools’
BT LE
AMQP 1.0AMQP 1.0MQTT

33. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Eclipse Kapua

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Cross-layer concerns
SECURITY ONTOLOGIES TOOLS

35. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Cross-layer concerns
SECURITY ONTOLOGIES TOOLS

36. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Eclipse Keti (proposed)
Ability to maintain access-decision data as
policies and attributes
Exclusive security for multiple clients using the
service (ACS services are tenant-aware)
Support for fine-grained authorization policies
Contributed by GE, from the Predix platform
See http://tinyurl.com/eclipse-acs-proposal

37. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Cross-layer concerns
SECURITY ONTOLOGIES TOOLS

38. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Eclipse Vorto

39. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Cross-layer concerns
SECURITY ONTOLOGIES TOOLS

40. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Eclipse Paho – mqtt-spy

41. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Eclipse Paho – mqtt-spy

42. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Eclipse IoT Community
2.2 26* 210+ 110K
million
lines of code
projects developers monthly
visitors
* and counting!

43. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Join us!
2.2 26* 210+ 110K
million
lines of code
projects developers monthly
visitors
* and counting!
http://iot.eclipse.org

44. Thank you!
@ianskerrett
ian.skerrett@eclipse.org

45. Backup slides

46. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
The 3 IoT Software Stacks
TOOLS & SDKsONTOLOGIESSECURITY
CONSTRAINED DEVICES
Hardware
Abstraction Layer (HAL)
OS / RTOS
Communication
Remote
Management
Field protocols IoT protocols
IOT CLOUD PLATFORM
Connectivity
MessageRouting
OS / PaaS
Device
Management
Data
Management
Event Management,
Analytics & UI
Device
Registry
Application
Enablement
GATEWAYS AND SMART DEVICES
RemoteManagement
Application Runtime
Data Management
& Messaging
OS / RTOS
Connectivity
Field
protocols
IoT protocols
Network Management

47. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
Eclipse IoT stack on Cloud FoundryRouter
Eclipse ACS
<<Hono Adapter>>
<<Hono Adapter>>
Kapua Web
Console
Kapua
UAA

48. Copyright © 2016 The Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved
OS Stack for IoT Cloud
Great! But… what if:
↳I want my platform to archive the data?
↳I want to support more than just MQTT?
↳I want a multi-tenant solution?
↳…