LATEST GUIDELINE ON MANAGEMENT OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

1. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the
Management of STEMI

2. Reperfusion Therapy for Patients with STEMI
*Patients with cardiogenic shock or severe heart failure should be transferred for cardiac catheterization as soon as possible (Class I, LOE: B).
• Assessment and continuous quality improvement of EMS (Class I, LOE: B)
• ECG by EMS (Class I, LOE: B)
• Reperfusion therapy is reasonable for STEMI and symptom onset prior 12 to 24 hours (PCI preferred) (Class II, LOE: B)

3. Primary PCI in STEMI
APEX-AMI Trial
? PRAMI Trial
• Manual aspiration thrombectomy is reasonable for patients
undergoing primary PCI. [+TAPAS / -TASTE TRIAL]

4. Use of Stents in Patients With STEMI
Placement of a stent (BMS or DES) is useful in primary PCI for
patients with STEMI. [EES DES best]
I IIa IIb III
BMS* should be used in patients with high bleeding risk, inability
to comply with 1 year of DAPT, or anticipated invasive or surgical
procedures in the next year.
I IIa IIb III
DES should not be used in primary PCI for patients with STEMI
who are unable to tolerate or comply with a prolonged course of
DAPT because of the increased risk of stent thrombosis with
premature discontinuation of one or both agents.
I IIa IIb III
*Balloon angioplasty without stent placement may be used in selected patients.
Harm

5. Antiplatelet Therapy to Support Primary PCI for STEMI

6. Contraindications and Cautions for Fibrinolytic Therapy

7. Indications for PCI of an Infarct Artery in Patients Who
Were Managed With Fibrinolytic Therapy or Who Did
Not Receive Reperfusion Therapy
[PHARMACOINVASIVE]
[CAG (CLASS IIA)]
[OAT TRIAL]
*Although individual circumstances will vary, clinical stability is defined by the absence of low output,
hypotension, persistent tachycardia, apparent shock, high-grade ventricular or symptomatic
supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, and spontaneous recurrent ischemia.
PCI is indicated in a noninfarct artery at a time separate from primary PCI
• In patients who have spontaneous symptoms of myocardial ischemia (CLASS I)
• In patients with intermediate/high-risk findings on noninvasive testing (CLASS IIA)

8. Adjunctive Antithrombotic Therapy to Support PCI
After Fibrinolytic Therapy

9. Routine Therapies & Complications
• No change in guideline for β blockers, ACEI/ARB, lipid therapy
• Aldosterone antagonist on ACEI/ βB with EF <40% & HF/DM
• Cardiogenic Shock – IABP (Class IIaB), LVAD (Class IIbC)
• Pericarditis - Glucocorticoids & NSAIDs harmful (Class III)
• Warfarin - in AF with CHADS2 score ≥2 (Class I), or
- Mural thrombi (ClassIIa) or
- LV akinesis/dyskinesis (ClassIIb)
• Urgent CABG – continue aspirin (Class I)
- Stop Clopidogrel/ticagrelor 24 h before on-pump (Class I)
- Stop eptifibatide/tirofiban 2 to 4h & abciximab 12h (Class I)

10. ACCF/AHA 2013 STEMI Guideline
• Shorter document length & color-coded recommendation
charts and algorithms makes it more practice-friendly
• Effort to achieve timely reperfusion starts with attention to
response to symptom onset (strengthening EMS)
• Primary PCI is the strategy of choice (FMC to D <2h)
• After fibrinolysis all patients should be transferred for
angiography and revascularization
• Preference for 81-mg maintenance dose of aspirin after PCI
• Benefit of therapeutic hypothermia in improving neurologic
outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients

11. THANK YOU