SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 10
Download to read offline
ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions
1
ESADE InfoJobs Report
State of the labour market in Spain
May 2014
Principal conclusions
MercadoLaboral
in orientacion-laboral.infojobs.net/mercado-laboral
@InfoJobs
facebook.com/infojobs
#
43
ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions
Presentation of the report
InfoJobs and ESADE present this study with the objective of
providing useful knowledge on the Spanish labour market,
documenting the different trends, features and opportunities
present.
The analysis focuses mainly on the activity on the site
during 2013. To understand the evolution of the different
trends, the data obtained is compared with 2008 and 2012.
External data has also been used for certain sections of
the study. The main official sources are the statistics agency
of the European Union (Eurostat), the National Institute of
Statistics (INE) and the Public Service of State Employment
(SPEE).
Through this study we would like to share information that
InfoJobs collects as a leading job portal and as a privileged
intermediary in selection processes. At the same time, we
aim to give a voice to the users of the portal to allow readers
to better understand the employment situation that we are
currently experiencing in our country.
Introduction
ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions
65
The year ended with 5.9 million unemployed in Spain, ac-
cording to the INE survey of active population, which also
cites unemployment of 26.03%, one of the worst in the EU and
surpassed only by Greece. Unemployment remains the prima-
ry concern of Spaniards, as the CIS barometer reminds us.
In the last quarter of 2013 the economy showed signs of
recovery, coming out of recession with the 0.1% upturn in
GDP. This growth was not noticed in the real economy: most
activity indicators showed that 2013 was another negative year,
since neither consumption nor industrial activity offered
signs of recovery.
Forecasts for 2014 are not very positive. The principal agen-
cies and institutions indicate that growth will be modest
(between 0.5% and 1% of GDP) and may not generate the
employment that Spain needs.
In 2013 a total of 973,033 job vacancies were published
on InfoJobs, 10% more than in 2012, which in absolute
terms means a total of 85,637 additional vacancies.
68% of the 2013 total number of vacancies corresponds
to the categories of business and sales, customer service
and computer science and telecommunications.
The “real economy”
has scarcely improved
Employment vacancies
grew by 10% in 2013
Category % of vacancies
2013
Commerce and sales 40%
IT and telecommunications 17%
Customer service 11%
Professions, crafts and trades 4%
Engineers and technicians 4%
Hospitality and tourism 4%
Business administration 3%
Retail 2%
Education and training 2%
Health and sanitation 2%
Purchasing, logistics
and warehousing
2%
Marketing and communication 2%
Quality, production and R&D 1%
Banking & finance 1%
Human resources 1%
Real estate and construction 1%
Design and graphic arts 0.4%
Legal 0.3%
unemployed in Spain in
2013
5.9M
employment vacancies
in InfoJobs
973,033
40%
17%
Commerce and Sales
IT and
telecommunications
Customer
service
% of vacancies by professional category
11%
ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions
87
In 2013 a total of 406,262 contracts were concluded through
InfoJobs, 5% more than in 2012.
For 68% of the candidates, the employment secured was a
professional advancement.
56% of the candidates accepted the job because it really
interested them (44 per cent because they had no alternative
and needed work).
Of the candidates who found a job in 2013, 77% were unem-
ployed before finding work and 23% were in employment.
Candidates choose to register as self-employed as an alter-
native in response to the decrease of employee contracts
and the increase in vacancies for freelancers.
Freelance vacancies continue to grow, specifically a 10%
increase on last year. Additionally, in relation to 2008,
the volume of vacancies has grown tenfold.
406,262 contracts
concluded through InfoJobs
Vacancies for freelancers
increased tenfold
more contracts
concluded than in
2012
5%
406,262
contracts
Vacancies
for self-employed
grew by 10%
x10
÷
ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions
109
Category Applicants
per vacancy
2008
Applicants
per vacancy
2012
Applicants per
vacancy
2013
IT and telecommunications 6 18 24
Commercial and sales 25 35 28
Banking & finance 25 66 63
Education and training 16 59 68
Professions, crafts and trades 21 69 75
Health and sanitation 25 77 82
Customer service 24 74 92
Engineers and technicians 30 97 117
Marketing and communication 50 135 124
Quality, production and R&D 54 99 139
Hospitality and tourism 31 104 139
Design and graphic arts 79 141 161
Legal 56 109 183
Real estate and construction 50 173 185
Purchasing, logistics
and warehousing
52 183 235
Human resources 70 209 235
Business administration 70 249 298
Retail 49 276 323
General total 28 72 74
In 2013, the number of job seekers who applied for vacancies
through InfoJobs decreased 5% on 2012, and totalled 2.3
million.
13% more registrations than in 2012. Despite the increase
in vacancies (10%), competition for jobs increased slightly,
rising from 72 to 74 applicants per vacancy.
The mismatch regarding training between supply and de-
mand of employment continues. 45% of jobseekers have
university-level education and only 21% of the vacancies
requested these studies
Mobile applications programmer, the most in-demand
emerging post.
The growing need for energy technicians is also confirmed.
HTLM5 technology continues to generate vacancies and
more specializations.
The emergence of Cloud Computing, which requires
programmers, systems administrators, analysts and engineers.
Big Data bursts onto the scene. Its demand has grown
exponentially, requiring analysts, programmers, architects
and consultants
2.3 million
jobseekers
Information technologies
create new opportunities
	2008	 2009	 2010	 2011	 2012	 2013
419
208
400
1.266
2.045
2.360
101
44
67
44
4
130
89
42
9
496
124
168
917
632
601
259
Programmer of mobile applications
Energy technician
Big Data
HTML5 Programmer
Cloud Computing
Vacancies
74
208
208208208
Jobseekers
intensify their
activity.
Cloud
Computing
and Big Data
generate
new jobs.
ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions
1211
The average salary
offered is of
23,650€
gross.
In 2008 28% of candidates indicated a willingness to change
residence for reasons of work. In 2013 33% of candidates
expressed this predisposition.
The reality of the portal indicates that 29% of candidates
apply for vacancies that are outside their autonomous
community. The mobility rate has grown in recent years,
taking into account that in 2011 the rate was 20%.
Increases in the intention
and the real rate of mobility
The trend of wage
moderation continues
The average salary offered by companies in their vacancies
published in InfoJobs was 23,650 Euros per annum gross
in 2013. This grew by barely 0.2% in 2013, the same as
inflation.
Jobs requiring university studies are still the best paid
with an average salary of 28,263 Euros gross per year,
and the difference (which is now more than €8,000)
has increased between those with basic studies or high
school baccalaureate.
Candidates that have been longer-term unemployed accept
remuneration below their expectations in order to return
to the world of work. The mismatch between supply and
demand remains as far as wages are concerned.
Category Annual
gross salary
2013*
Engineers and technicians €29,165
Banking & finance €27,245
Real estate and construction €26,983
Education and training €26,922
IT and telecommunications €26,621
Quality, production and R&D €25,390
Legal €25,086
Health and sanitation €24,747
Marketing and communication €24,306
Commerce and sales €24,247
Business administration €22,499
Design and graphic arts €21,740
Purchasing, logistics and warehousing €21,483
Human resources €21,253
Hospitality and tourism €18,293
Professions, crafts and trades €18,098
Customer service €16,030
Retail €15,794
Salaries
above
overall
average
Salaries
below
overall
average
	
*Average maximum salary offered
ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions
1413
Management, engineering
and dental health, categories
with better wages
Job Applicants per
vacancy
Annual
gross salary*
Engineering Projects Manager 107 €62,250
General Manager** 206 €55,800
IT Manager 129 €55,545
Orthodontist / Implantologist 16 €54,101
Industrial Manager 120 €51,974
Consultant banking 32 €48,610
Odontologist 37 €47,988
Financial agent 23 €46,626
Commercial Director 87 €44,411
Financial Director 334 €44,387
Foreign trade 159 €39,660
Vacancies for Management and Engineers are those that
recorded better salaries in 2013. These salaries have
greater variability, depending on the company hiring and
the sector.
The phenomenon of dental franchises linked to insurance
companies has generated a growing demand for specialists
in dental health, especially of odontologists and implan-
tologists, who also enjoy good salaries.
* Average maximum salary offered
** Position with a high salary fluctuation
Young people
and over-45s,
vulnerable groups
59% of the unemployed - 3.4 million people - are either young
or older than 45 years. The figures speak for themselves and
put the focus on these two groups, which, in some cases, are
found in the same family. 25% of these unemployed people, a
total of 856,713, sought employment through InfoJobs in 2013.
We have asked 21,394 over-45s and 11,426 16-29 year olds
about their experience of this situation. At the same time we
asked 290 companies to relate their vision and behaviour
regarding these two groups.
31% 1.8 million
Over 45 years
28% 1.6 million
Between 16 and 29 years
Unemployed by age according to EPA (INE)
41% 2.4 million
Others
ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions
1615
One of every four young people
is considering undertaking
a new business venture
Training, changing sectors
and undertaking new ventures,
main alternatives at age 45
24% of young people are thinking on undertaking a new
business venture, either on their own or by partnering with
other professionals.
The majority (56%) indicate that they are training and recycling
their skills in order to get a job and 27% are considering
changing sector.
Their intention is to relocate: 7 of every 10 young people would
change residence for a job.
Half of the companies acknowledge that they have not given
an indefinite contract to any of the young people who have
completed their placement contract
Almost 6 in 10 say that they are training and recycling
their skills. At the same time, 15% are considering a
change of sector. Training is a key to change to a sector
that offers them more likelihood of being employable.
Given the difficulty of finding a job, 12% of them are con-
sidering a new venture, either individually or together
with other professionals.
8%
8%
2%
10%
12%
17%
15%
24%
27%
46%
56% 59%
What do you do to improve your employability? What do you do to improve your employability?
Training/Recycling Training/Recycling
Specific training: languages
Change of sector
Undertake a new venture on my own
or with others
Emigrate, widen horizons
Change of sector/sector where more
employable
Voluntary work
New venture on my own
or with others	
Others
Specific training:
languages
Emigrate: search outside the country
(n=11,426) (n=21,394)
2%
1%
Take official examinations
Voluntary work
ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions
1817
The companies,
a little more optimistic
about the future
Experience, knowledge and
stability, the characteristics
most valued by companies
The employment situation at national level will hold steady in
the short term, in the opinion of nearly half of the companies.
In the long term, 76% of companies believe that the situa-
tion will improve.
For next year, 55% of firms expected to maintain current staff.
For the next two years, half now expect to increase their
workforce.
Will the national employment situation improve in the future?
In 4years In 2years In 1year
It will improve
It will be worse
It will remain the same
In 4years In 2years In 1year
What is the forecast regarding recruitment in your company for the next few years?
47.93%75.86% 7.59%5.17%
44.48%44.48%
20.34%30.00%
49.66%
34.00%11.00%
55.00%
50.00%4.00%
45.00%
57.00%5.00%
38.00%
Experience, knowledge and work and personal stability are
the aspects most valued by the candidates and companies
alike, though each assigns different weights.
Acquired habits, deficiencies in language and technology
are the principal inhibitors for companies in contracting
the over-45s. For candidates, the most important disad-
vantages are their lacking language skills, less willingness
to travel and acquired habits.
73% of the companies surveyed admit that they have
not hired any over-45s in the last year.
96% of over-45 candidates affirm that companies are
reluctant to contract from this group. 26% of the can-
didates reveal that the company, at the end of the
process, informed them that it ruled them out in favour
of a younger candidate, although they conformed to the
profile required.
Advantages of contracting over-45s
Experience
Knowledge
Employment stability
Personal stability
Network of contacts
They know what they want...
Tax
They handle pressure better
Training
They are more motivated
Mentoring
Ability to relativize
Other
Acquired habits
Technological gap (recycling)
Languages gap (recycling)
Fear of and/or resistance to change
Less flexibility
Less willingness to travel
Health-related risks
They are less motivated
Others
Early retirement
86%
92%
54%
75%
43%
67%
67%
41%
38%
33%
33%
60%
20%
35%
20%
56%
18%
43%
15%
42%
13%
34%
13%
39%
2%
5%
Companies (n=290) Companies (n=290)
Candidates (n=21,394) Candidates (n=21,394)
35%
43%
34%
21%
30%
14%
16%
34%
15%
22%
11%
5%
8%
10%
8%
25%
67%
25%
42%
24%
Disadvantages of contracting over-45s
Press Contact InfoJobs
Mar Llanas
T +34 93 552 22 43
mar.llanas@infojobs.net
Report produced by InfoJobs and ESADE
InfoJobs Business Analysis
Supervision: Laura Lara
Team: Neus Margalló, Pedro J. Mellinas, David Rojo
ESADE
Business School
Carlos Obeso
MercadoLaboral
orientacion-laboral.infojobs.net/mercado-laboral
@InfoJobs
facebook.com/infojobs
#

More Related Content

More from InfoJobs

Tipos de contratos de trabajo | Empleo | Trabajo | InfoJobs
Tipos de contratos de trabajo | Empleo | Trabajo | InfoJobsTipos de contratos de trabajo | Empleo | Trabajo | InfoJobs
Tipos de contratos de trabajo | Empleo | Trabajo | InfoJobsInfoJobs
 
La influencia de la Marca Personal en la búsqueda de empleo
La influencia de la Marca Personal en la búsqueda de empleoLa influencia de la Marca Personal en la búsqueda de empleo
La influencia de la Marca Personal en la búsqueda de empleoInfoJobs
 
Informe Anual sobre el Estado del Mercado Laboral en España
Informe Anual sobre el Estado del Mercado Laboral en EspañaInforme Anual sobre el Estado del Mercado Laboral en España
Informe Anual sobre el Estado del Mercado Laboral en EspañaInfoJobs
 
¿En qué se basa un buen liderazgo?
¿En qué se basa un buen liderazgo?¿En qué se basa un buen liderazgo?
¿En qué se basa un buen liderazgo?InfoJobs
 
10 trucos para hablar frente a una cámara
10 trucos para hablar frente a una cámara10 trucos para hablar frente a una cámara
10 trucos para hablar frente a una cámaraInfoJobs
 
Cómo alcanzar tus metas
Cómo alcanzar tus metasCómo alcanzar tus metas
Cómo alcanzar tus metasInfoJobs
 
Cómo utilizar tu smartphone para encontrar trabajo
Cómo utilizar tu smartphone para encontrar trabajoCómo utilizar tu smartphone para encontrar trabajo
Cómo utilizar tu smartphone para encontrar trabajoInfoJobs
 
Cómo utilizar las Redes Sociales en la búsqueda de empleo
Cómo utilizar las Redes Sociales en la búsqueda de empleoCómo utilizar las Redes Sociales en la búsqueda de empleo
Cómo utilizar las Redes Sociales en la búsqueda de empleoInfoJobs
 
Applícate al trabajo
Applícate al trabajoApplícate al trabajo
Applícate al trabajoInfoJobs
 
Cómo responder a las preguntas trampa en una entrevista
Cómo responder a las preguntas trampa en una entrevistaCómo responder a las preguntas trampa en una entrevista
Cómo responder a las preguntas trampa en una entrevistaInfoJobs
 
La venta de uno mismo
La venta de uno mismoLa venta de uno mismo
La venta de uno mismoInfoJobs
 
La mejor motivación del mundo
La mejor motivación del mundo La mejor motivación del mundo
La mejor motivación del mundo InfoJobs
 
Un CV de 10: La fórmula secreta
Un CV de 10: La fórmula secretaUn CV de 10: La fórmula secreta
Un CV de 10: La fórmula secretaInfoJobs
 
Consejos para una entrevista de trabajo en inglés
Consejos para una entrevista de trabajo en inglésConsejos para una entrevista de trabajo en inglés
Consejos para una entrevista de trabajo en inglésInfoJobs
 
Cómo encontrar trabajo con Twitter
Cómo encontrar trabajo con TwitterCómo encontrar trabajo con Twitter
Cómo encontrar trabajo con TwitterInfoJobs
 
¿Sabes lo que transmite tu identidad visual?
¿Sabes lo que transmite tu identidad visual?¿Sabes lo que transmite tu identidad visual?
¿Sabes lo que transmite tu identidad visual?InfoJobs
 
Consejos para encontrar trabajo a partir de los 40
Consejos para encontrar trabajo a partir de los 40 Consejos para encontrar trabajo a partir de los 40
Consejos para encontrar trabajo a partir de los 40 InfoJobs
 
Cómo encontrar trabajo como freelance
Cómo encontrar trabajo como freelance Cómo encontrar trabajo como freelance
Cómo encontrar trabajo como freelance InfoJobs
 
8 claves para tu búsqueda de empleo
8 claves para tu búsqueda de empleo8 claves para tu búsqueda de empleo
8 claves para tu búsqueda de empleoInfoJobs
 
Cómo persuadir al entrevistador con tu lenguaje no verbal
Cómo persuadir al entrevistador con tu lenguaje no verbalCómo persuadir al entrevistador con tu lenguaje no verbal
Cómo persuadir al entrevistador con tu lenguaje no verbalInfoJobs
 

More from InfoJobs (20)

Tipos de contratos de trabajo | Empleo | Trabajo | InfoJobs
Tipos de contratos de trabajo | Empleo | Trabajo | InfoJobsTipos de contratos de trabajo | Empleo | Trabajo | InfoJobs
Tipos de contratos de trabajo | Empleo | Trabajo | InfoJobs
 
La influencia de la Marca Personal en la búsqueda de empleo
La influencia de la Marca Personal en la búsqueda de empleoLa influencia de la Marca Personal en la búsqueda de empleo
La influencia de la Marca Personal en la búsqueda de empleo
 
Informe Anual sobre el Estado del Mercado Laboral en España
Informe Anual sobre el Estado del Mercado Laboral en EspañaInforme Anual sobre el Estado del Mercado Laboral en España
Informe Anual sobre el Estado del Mercado Laboral en España
 
¿En qué se basa un buen liderazgo?
¿En qué se basa un buen liderazgo?¿En qué se basa un buen liderazgo?
¿En qué se basa un buen liderazgo?
 
10 trucos para hablar frente a una cámara
10 trucos para hablar frente a una cámara10 trucos para hablar frente a una cámara
10 trucos para hablar frente a una cámara
 
Cómo alcanzar tus metas
Cómo alcanzar tus metasCómo alcanzar tus metas
Cómo alcanzar tus metas
 
Cómo utilizar tu smartphone para encontrar trabajo
Cómo utilizar tu smartphone para encontrar trabajoCómo utilizar tu smartphone para encontrar trabajo
Cómo utilizar tu smartphone para encontrar trabajo
 
Cómo utilizar las Redes Sociales en la búsqueda de empleo
Cómo utilizar las Redes Sociales en la búsqueda de empleoCómo utilizar las Redes Sociales en la búsqueda de empleo
Cómo utilizar las Redes Sociales en la búsqueda de empleo
 
Applícate al trabajo
Applícate al trabajoApplícate al trabajo
Applícate al trabajo
 
Cómo responder a las preguntas trampa en una entrevista
Cómo responder a las preguntas trampa en una entrevistaCómo responder a las preguntas trampa en una entrevista
Cómo responder a las preguntas trampa en una entrevista
 
La venta de uno mismo
La venta de uno mismoLa venta de uno mismo
La venta de uno mismo
 
La mejor motivación del mundo
La mejor motivación del mundo La mejor motivación del mundo
La mejor motivación del mundo
 
Un CV de 10: La fórmula secreta
Un CV de 10: La fórmula secretaUn CV de 10: La fórmula secreta
Un CV de 10: La fórmula secreta
 
Consejos para una entrevista de trabajo en inglés
Consejos para una entrevista de trabajo en inglésConsejos para una entrevista de trabajo en inglés
Consejos para una entrevista de trabajo en inglés
 
Cómo encontrar trabajo con Twitter
Cómo encontrar trabajo con TwitterCómo encontrar trabajo con Twitter
Cómo encontrar trabajo con Twitter
 
¿Sabes lo que transmite tu identidad visual?
¿Sabes lo que transmite tu identidad visual?¿Sabes lo que transmite tu identidad visual?
¿Sabes lo que transmite tu identidad visual?
 
Consejos para encontrar trabajo a partir de los 40
Consejos para encontrar trabajo a partir de los 40 Consejos para encontrar trabajo a partir de los 40
Consejos para encontrar trabajo a partir de los 40
 
Cómo encontrar trabajo como freelance
Cómo encontrar trabajo como freelance Cómo encontrar trabajo como freelance
Cómo encontrar trabajo como freelance
 
8 claves para tu búsqueda de empleo
8 claves para tu búsqueda de empleo8 claves para tu búsqueda de empleo
8 claves para tu búsqueda de empleo
 
Cómo persuadir al entrevistador con tu lenguaje no verbal
Cómo persuadir al entrevistador con tu lenguaje no verbalCómo persuadir al entrevistador con tu lenguaje no verbal
Cómo persuadir al entrevistador con tu lenguaje no verbal
 

REPORT Infojobs ESADE: State of the Labour Market in Spain 2013

  • 1. ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions 1 ESADE InfoJobs Report State of the labour market in Spain May 2014 Principal conclusions MercadoLaboral in orientacion-laboral.infojobs.net/mercado-laboral @InfoJobs facebook.com/infojobs #
  • 2. 43 ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions Presentation of the report InfoJobs and ESADE present this study with the objective of providing useful knowledge on the Spanish labour market, documenting the different trends, features and opportunities present. The analysis focuses mainly on the activity on the site during 2013. To understand the evolution of the different trends, the data obtained is compared with 2008 and 2012. External data has also been used for certain sections of the study. The main official sources are the statistics agency of the European Union (Eurostat), the National Institute of Statistics (INE) and the Public Service of State Employment (SPEE). Through this study we would like to share information that InfoJobs collects as a leading job portal and as a privileged intermediary in selection processes. At the same time, we aim to give a voice to the users of the portal to allow readers to better understand the employment situation that we are currently experiencing in our country. Introduction
  • 3. ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions 65 The year ended with 5.9 million unemployed in Spain, ac- cording to the INE survey of active population, which also cites unemployment of 26.03%, one of the worst in the EU and surpassed only by Greece. Unemployment remains the prima- ry concern of Spaniards, as the CIS barometer reminds us. In the last quarter of 2013 the economy showed signs of recovery, coming out of recession with the 0.1% upturn in GDP. This growth was not noticed in the real economy: most activity indicators showed that 2013 was another negative year, since neither consumption nor industrial activity offered signs of recovery. Forecasts for 2014 are not very positive. The principal agen- cies and institutions indicate that growth will be modest (between 0.5% and 1% of GDP) and may not generate the employment that Spain needs. In 2013 a total of 973,033 job vacancies were published on InfoJobs, 10% more than in 2012, which in absolute terms means a total of 85,637 additional vacancies. 68% of the 2013 total number of vacancies corresponds to the categories of business and sales, customer service and computer science and telecommunications. The “real economy” has scarcely improved Employment vacancies grew by 10% in 2013 Category % of vacancies 2013 Commerce and sales 40% IT and telecommunications 17% Customer service 11% Professions, crafts and trades 4% Engineers and technicians 4% Hospitality and tourism 4% Business administration 3% Retail 2% Education and training 2% Health and sanitation 2% Purchasing, logistics and warehousing 2% Marketing and communication 2% Quality, production and R&D 1% Banking & finance 1% Human resources 1% Real estate and construction 1% Design and graphic arts 0.4% Legal 0.3% unemployed in Spain in 2013 5.9M employment vacancies in InfoJobs 973,033 40% 17% Commerce and Sales IT and telecommunications Customer service % of vacancies by professional category 11%
  • 4. ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions 87 In 2013 a total of 406,262 contracts were concluded through InfoJobs, 5% more than in 2012. For 68% of the candidates, the employment secured was a professional advancement. 56% of the candidates accepted the job because it really interested them (44 per cent because they had no alternative and needed work). Of the candidates who found a job in 2013, 77% were unem- ployed before finding work and 23% were in employment. Candidates choose to register as self-employed as an alter- native in response to the decrease of employee contracts and the increase in vacancies for freelancers. Freelance vacancies continue to grow, specifically a 10% increase on last year. Additionally, in relation to 2008, the volume of vacancies has grown tenfold. 406,262 contracts concluded through InfoJobs Vacancies for freelancers increased tenfold more contracts concluded than in 2012 5% 406,262 contracts Vacancies for self-employed grew by 10% x10 ÷
  • 5. ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions 109 Category Applicants per vacancy 2008 Applicants per vacancy 2012 Applicants per vacancy 2013 IT and telecommunications 6 18 24 Commercial and sales 25 35 28 Banking & finance 25 66 63 Education and training 16 59 68 Professions, crafts and trades 21 69 75 Health and sanitation 25 77 82 Customer service 24 74 92 Engineers and technicians 30 97 117 Marketing and communication 50 135 124 Quality, production and R&D 54 99 139 Hospitality and tourism 31 104 139 Design and graphic arts 79 141 161 Legal 56 109 183 Real estate and construction 50 173 185 Purchasing, logistics and warehousing 52 183 235 Human resources 70 209 235 Business administration 70 249 298 Retail 49 276 323 General total 28 72 74 In 2013, the number of job seekers who applied for vacancies through InfoJobs decreased 5% on 2012, and totalled 2.3 million. 13% more registrations than in 2012. Despite the increase in vacancies (10%), competition for jobs increased slightly, rising from 72 to 74 applicants per vacancy. The mismatch regarding training between supply and de- mand of employment continues. 45% of jobseekers have university-level education and only 21% of the vacancies requested these studies Mobile applications programmer, the most in-demand emerging post. The growing need for energy technicians is also confirmed. HTLM5 technology continues to generate vacancies and more specializations. The emergence of Cloud Computing, which requires programmers, systems administrators, analysts and engineers. Big Data bursts onto the scene. Its demand has grown exponentially, requiring analysts, programmers, architects and consultants 2.3 million jobseekers Information technologies create new opportunities 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 419 208 400 1.266 2.045 2.360 101 44 67 44 4 130 89 42 9 496 124 168 917 632 601 259 Programmer of mobile applications Energy technician Big Data HTML5 Programmer Cloud Computing Vacancies 74 208 208208208 Jobseekers intensify their activity. Cloud Computing and Big Data generate new jobs.
  • 6. ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions 1211 The average salary offered is of 23,650€ gross. In 2008 28% of candidates indicated a willingness to change residence for reasons of work. In 2013 33% of candidates expressed this predisposition. The reality of the portal indicates that 29% of candidates apply for vacancies that are outside their autonomous community. The mobility rate has grown in recent years, taking into account that in 2011 the rate was 20%. Increases in the intention and the real rate of mobility The trend of wage moderation continues The average salary offered by companies in their vacancies published in InfoJobs was 23,650 Euros per annum gross in 2013. This grew by barely 0.2% in 2013, the same as inflation. Jobs requiring university studies are still the best paid with an average salary of 28,263 Euros gross per year, and the difference (which is now more than €8,000) has increased between those with basic studies or high school baccalaureate. Candidates that have been longer-term unemployed accept remuneration below their expectations in order to return to the world of work. The mismatch between supply and demand remains as far as wages are concerned. Category Annual gross salary 2013* Engineers and technicians €29,165 Banking & finance €27,245 Real estate and construction €26,983 Education and training €26,922 IT and telecommunications €26,621 Quality, production and R&D €25,390 Legal €25,086 Health and sanitation €24,747 Marketing and communication €24,306 Commerce and sales €24,247 Business administration €22,499 Design and graphic arts €21,740 Purchasing, logistics and warehousing €21,483 Human resources €21,253 Hospitality and tourism €18,293 Professions, crafts and trades €18,098 Customer service €16,030 Retail €15,794 Salaries above overall average Salaries below overall average *Average maximum salary offered
  • 7. ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions 1413 Management, engineering and dental health, categories with better wages Job Applicants per vacancy Annual gross salary* Engineering Projects Manager 107 €62,250 General Manager** 206 €55,800 IT Manager 129 €55,545 Orthodontist / Implantologist 16 €54,101 Industrial Manager 120 €51,974 Consultant banking 32 €48,610 Odontologist 37 €47,988 Financial agent 23 €46,626 Commercial Director 87 €44,411 Financial Director 334 €44,387 Foreign trade 159 €39,660 Vacancies for Management and Engineers are those that recorded better salaries in 2013. These salaries have greater variability, depending on the company hiring and the sector. The phenomenon of dental franchises linked to insurance companies has generated a growing demand for specialists in dental health, especially of odontologists and implan- tologists, who also enjoy good salaries. * Average maximum salary offered ** Position with a high salary fluctuation Young people and over-45s, vulnerable groups 59% of the unemployed - 3.4 million people - are either young or older than 45 years. The figures speak for themselves and put the focus on these two groups, which, in some cases, are found in the same family. 25% of these unemployed people, a total of 856,713, sought employment through InfoJobs in 2013. We have asked 21,394 over-45s and 11,426 16-29 year olds about their experience of this situation. At the same time we asked 290 companies to relate their vision and behaviour regarding these two groups. 31% 1.8 million Over 45 years 28% 1.6 million Between 16 and 29 years Unemployed by age according to EPA (INE) 41% 2.4 million Others
  • 8. ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions 1615 One of every four young people is considering undertaking a new business venture Training, changing sectors and undertaking new ventures, main alternatives at age 45 24% of young people are thinking on undertaking a new business venture, either on their own or by partnering with other professionals. The majority (56%) indicate that they are training and recycling their skills in order to get a job and 27% are considering changing sector. Their intention is to relocate: 7 of every 10 young people would change residence for a job. Half of the companies acknowledge that they have not given an indefinite contract to any of the young people who have completed their placement contract Almost 6 in 10 say that they are training and recycling their skills. At the same time, 15% are considering a change of sector. Training is a key to change to a sector that offers them more likelihood of being employable. Given the difficulty of finding a job, 12% of them are con- sidering a new venture, either individually or together with other professionals. 8% 8% 2% 10% 12% 17% 15% 24% 27% 46% 56% 59% What do you do to improve your employability? What do you do to improve your employability? Training/Recycling Training/Recycling Specific training: languages Change of sector Undertake a new venture on my own or with others Emigrate, widen horizons Change of sector/sector where more employable Voluntary work New venture on my own or with others Others Specific training: languages Emigrate: search outside the country (n=11,426) (n=21,394) 2% 1% Take official examinations Voluntary work
  • 9. ESADE InfoJobs Report 2013 · State of the labour market in Spain · Principal Conclusions 1817 The companies, a little more optimistic about the future Experience, knowledge and stability, the characteristics most valued by companies The employment situation at national level will hold steady in the short term, in the opinion of nearly half of the companies. In the long term, 76% of companies believe that the situa- tion will improve. For next year, 55% of firms expected to maintain current staff. For the next two years, half now expect to increase their workforce. Will the national employment situation improve in the future? In 4years In 2years In 1year It will improve It will be worse It will remain the same In 4years In 2years In 1year What is the forecast regarding recruitment in your company for the next few years? 47.93%75.86% 7.59%5.17% 44.48%44.48% 20.34%30.00% 49.66% 34.00%11.00% 55.00% 50.00%4.00% 45.00% 57.00%5.00% 38.00% Experience, knowledge and work and personal stability are the aspects most valued by the candidates and companies alike, though each assigns different weights. Acquired habits, deficiencies in language and technology are the principal inhibitors for companies in contracting the over-45s. For candidates, the most important disad- vantages are their lacking language skills, less willingness to travel and acquired habits. 73% of the companies surveyed admit that they have not hired any over-45s in the last year. 96% of over-45 candidates affirm that companies are reluctant to contract from this group. 26% of the can- didates reveal that the company, at the end of the process, informed them that it ruled them out in favour of a younger candidate, although they conformed to the profile required. Advantages of contracting over-45s Experience Knowledge Employment stability Personal stability Network of contacts They know what they want... Tax They handle pressure better Training They are more motivated Mentoring Ability to relativize Other Acquired habits Technological gap (recycling) Languages gap (recycling) Fear of and/or resistance to change Less flexibility Less willingness to travel Health-related risks They are less motivated Others Early retirement 86% 92% 54% 75% 43% 67% 67% 41% 38% 33% 33% 60% 20% 35% 20% 56% 18% 43% 15% 42% 13% 34% 13% 39% 2% 5% Companies (n=290) Companies (n=290) Candidates (n=21,394) Candidates (n=21,394) 35% 43% 34% 21% 30% 14% 16% 34% 15% 22% 11% 5% 8% 10% 8% 25% 67% 25% 42% 24% Disadvantages of contracting over-45s
  • 10. Press Contact InfoJobs Mar Llanas T +34 93 552 22 43 mar.llanas@infojobs.net Report produced by InfoJobs and ESADE InfoJobs Business Analysis Supervision: Laura Lara Team: Neus Margalló, Pedro J. Mellinas, David Rojo ESADE Business School Carlos Obeso MercadoLaboral orientacion-laboral.infojobs.net/mercado-laboral @InfoJobs facebook.com/infojobs #