This document provides an overview of key elements of paragraphs, including topic sentences, main ideas, and supporting sentences. It discusses different types of paragraphs such as narrative, descriptive, expository, and persuasive paragraphs. Examples are given to illustrate topic sentences and how they relate to supporting sentences. The document also covers identifying main ideas and how paragraphs are structured with a topic, main idea, and details.

1. WWeellccoommee ttoo
““OOuurr PPrreesseennttaattiioonn””
Written By:
Syahril Mujani
Sadam Husein
Siti Nur Faidah
Uswatun lyana
Lecturer:
Irwan Sulistyanto, S.Pd

2. Read, Read and
Read……!!!

3. Before going to Paragraph

4. Do you know what the sentence is?
Sentence is a set of words that contains at least a
subject and a verb with complete idea conveying a
statement, question, exclamation, or command and
consisting of main clause and sometimes one or more
subordinate clauses.

5. SSEENNTTEENNCCEE

6. Topic Sentence
Topic sentence is
the most important sentence
in a paragraph. It’s
sometimes referred to as
focus sentence. The topic
sentence helps organizing the
paragraph by summarizing
the information in paragraph.
In formal writing , the topic
sentence is usually the first
sentence in a paragraph
(although it doesn’t always
have to be)
Next
The Purpose of Topic sentence
A topic sentence
essentially tells what the rest of
the paragraph is about it. All
sentences after it have to give
more information about the
sentence, prove it by offering
facts about it or describe it.
For example, if the
topic sentence concerns the type
of endangered species that live in
the ocean, then every sentence
after that needs to expound on
that subject.
CCoonnttrroolllilningg I Iddeeaa
Every topic
sentence will
have a topic and
a controlling idea
shows the
direction of
paragraph.

7. The Examples of Topic Sentence
Topic sentence:
Topic sentence:
There are many
reasons why
pollution in
Pandeglang town is
the worst in the
world.
There are many
reasons why
pollution in
Pandeglang town is
the worst in the
world.
1
The topic is “pollution in Pandeglang
town is the worst in the world”.
The controlling idea is “many
reasons”.
Topic sentence:
Topic sentence:
Fortune hunters
encounter many
difficulties when
exploring a
shipwreck.
Fortune hunters
encounter many
difficulties when
exploring a
shipwreck.
The topic is “exploring a shipwreck”.
The controlling idea is “many
difficulties”.
2

8. Topic sentence:
Topic sentence:
Dogs make
wonderful pets
because they help
you to live longer.
Dogs make
wonderful pets
because they help
you to live longer.
The topic is “Dogs make wonderful
pets ”.
The controlling idea is “they help
you to live longer”.
3
Topic sentence:
Topic sentence:
Teen pregnancy may
be prevented by
improved education.
Teen pregnancy may
be prevented by
improved education.
The topic is “Teen pregnancy may be
prevented ”.
The controlling idea is “improving
education”.
4
Topic sentence:
Topic sentence:
It is important to be
ready before buying
a house.
It is important to be
ready before buying
a house.
The topic is “before buying a house”.
The controlling idea is “the
importance of being ready ”.
5

9. Main Idea
 The main idea is the central, or most important, idea in paragraph or
passage . It states the purpose and sets the direction of the paragraph or
passage.
 The main idea may be stated or it may be implied.
 When the main idea of paragraph is stated. It is most often found in the first
sentence of the paragraph. However, the main idea may be found in any
sentence of paragraph.
 The main idea may be stated in the first sentence of paragraph and then be
repeated or restated at the end of the paragraph.
 The main idea may be split. The first sentence of paragraph may present a point
of view, while the last sentence presents a contrasting or opposite view.
 To find main idea of any paragraph or passage, ask this questions:
1. who or what is the paragraph about?
2. what aspect or idea about the ‘who’ or ‘what’ is the author concerned with?

10. The Examples oMf aMina Iind eIadea
Read and think about the
following sample paragraph,
in which the main idea
sentences are underlined.
 Paragraph one
It is often said that lighting never strike twice in the same place, but this isn’t
true. Go ask the forest rangers. Rangers who spend their summers as fire-fighters will tell
you that every thundershower brings several bolts of lightning to their look out stations.
(Notice that the first sentence tells what the paragraph is
about; the sentences that follow support the idea stated
in the first sentence.)
 Paragraph two
Costs were low that year and the output high. There was a good person for each
and the market remained firm. There were no losses from fire. All in all it was the best
years in the history of the company.
(Note that the first three sentences give details to explain
why it was the best year in the company’s history)

11.  Paragraph three
There are great numbers of deer around here. This whole area is great country
for hunters and fishermen. There are bears, mountain lions, and coyotes. To the east there
are streams full of trout, and there ducks and gees.
(The author begins and ends with examples. The main
idea is stated the second sentence.)
 Paragraph four
Advertising affects our lives everyday. Brand names are common household
words. We star each day using the toothpaste, soap, and breakfast food promoted by
advertisers. Ads have made the cars we drive signs of our success. Our choices of food,
dress, and entertainment are swayed by ads. Not one aspect of American life is
untouched by advertising.
(The main idea is stated at the beginning of the
paragraph and then restated at the end.)
 Paragraph five
Penicillin is one of the greatest of the wonder drugs. It has saved thousands of
lives already and will save more in the future. Unfortunately it has no effect at all in most
of the ills of mankind. Penicillin is a very good drug, but it is certainly not a cure-all.
(The author has split the main idea. This paragraph begins with positive
comments on penicillin . The word but signals a shift in thought, and the
paragraph ends with a statement of its limitations.)

12. Supporting sentence.
supporting sentences are sentences that explain
topic sentence.
Example:
TOPIC SENTENCE:
1. There are many different ways of using eggs in cooking.
SUPPORTING SENTENCES:
2. They can be boiled lightly and eaten with toast.
3. Hard boiled eggs are good for picnics, sandwiches or use in salads.
4. Fried, poached and scrambled eggs are commonly eaten at breakfast,
while an omelet provides a light and nourishing meal at any time.
5. For an exotic touch, eggs can be curried or used in sauces such as
mayonnaise and hollandaise sauce.
6. To give lightness and substance, eggs are usually added to cakes and
pastries.

13. Let’s continue

14. 1. THE ARGUMENTATION PARAGRAPH
2. THE DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH
33.. TTHHEE NNAARRRRAATTIIVVEE PPAARRAAGGRRAAPPHH
44.. TTHHEE EEXXPPOOSSIITTOORRYY PPAARRAAGGRRAAPPHH
5.THE PERSUASIVE
PARAGRAPH
5.THE PERSUASIVE
PARAGRAPH

15. What is Paragraph?
• A paragraph is group of related sentences that develop a main thought, or
idea, about a single topic. The structure of paragraph is not complex. There
are usually three basic elements: (1) a topic, (2) a main idea, or topic
sentence, and supporting details.
• The topic sentence states the main point or controlling idea. The sentences
that explain These details may be facts, reason, or examples that this main
point are called supporting details. provide further information about the
topic sentence.
Narrative: used to tell a story or a sequence of events
Descriptive: used to describe a scene or an object
Expository: used to provide information, including facts, instructions, and
definitions
Persuasive: used to share opinions and convince others to
agree or take action
Narrative: used to tell a story or a sequence of events
Descriptive: used to describe a scene or an object
Expository: used to provide information, including facts, instructions, and
definitions
Persuasive: used to share opinions and convince others to
agree or take action

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