This document discusses different types of volcanoes. It provides descriptions of cinder cones, shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes, and lava domes. Cinder cones are symmetrical cones up to 1,200 feet tall formed from a single vent. Shield volcanoes are very broad with shallow slopes and can be over 30,000 feet tall. Composite volcanoes are also known as stratovolcanoes, ranging from 1-10 km wide and up to 10,000 feet tall with steep slopes. They have explosive, dangerous eruptions. Lava domes are much smaller formations that occur when lava is too viscous to flow, piling up in a dome shape around 100 feet tall. Examples of each type

1. JANET BRIGIDA A. CATIPON
Grade 9 Science Teacher, MHS
MAE-Chemistry, BSU Malolos
V O L C A N O E
S
UNIT III - EARTH & SPACE

2. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Pre-Assessment

3. 1. Which characteristic of magma mainly
determines its explosiveness?
a. color
b. amount
c. temperature
d. silica content

4. 2. Which of the following characteristics of a
volcano depends on its magma emission?
a. age
b. size
c. shape
d. location

5. 3. Which of the following factors associated with
huge volcanic eruptions may cause the decrease in
the Earth’s average temperature for a few years?
a. heat
b. light
c. acid rain
d. volcanic ash

6. 4. A thick layer of volcanic ash can be heavy enough
to collapse the roofs of buildings because ash is
________.
a. is solid.
b. cannot be blown by winds.
c. becomes heavier as it cools.
d. consists of tiny fragments of rocks
that becomes heavy as they file up.

7. 5. Which of the following is an active
volcano in the Philippines?
a. Apo in Davao
b.Bud Datu in Sulu
c.Isarog in Camarines Sur
d.Kanlaon in Negros Oriental

8. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Define what is a Volcano
• Explain how volcanoes are formed
• Identify the types of volcanoes
• Characterize a volcano

10. ACTIVITY 1
(Work in Groups)
Based on the presented pictures of
Mayon Volcano, give at least five
descriptions of a volcano. Use a
volcano concept map.

11. WHAT IS A VOLCANO?

12. A VOLCANO is a vent from which the material from a
magma chamber escapes. Volcanic eruptions can come
from peaky volcanic cones, fractured domes, a vent in the
ground, or many other types of structures.
VOLCANOES are a vibrant manifestation of plate tectonics
processes. Volcanoes are common along convergent
and divergent plate boundaries. Volcanoes are also found
within lithospheric plates away from plate boundaries.
Wherever mantle is able to melt, volcanoes may be the
result.
WHAT IS A VOLCANO?

13. WHAT IS A VOLCANO?
VOLCANOES erupt because mantle
rock melts. This is the first stage in
creating a volcano. Remember from
the chapter Materials of Earth's
Crust that mantle may melt
if temperature rises, pressure lowers,
or water is added.

14. A. According to their structure
B. According to their activity
C. According to their eruption
CHARACTERISTICS OF A VOLCANO

15. TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
A VOLCANO

16. CHARACTERISTICS OF A VOLCANO
Cinder Cones
• Less dangerous compared to other types, cinder cones
only grow to about 1,000-1,200 feet tall.
• cinder cones are usually created from a single opening.
• the opening of a cinder cone is a cone-shaped
structure, while the steeps are formed of the erupted,
fragmented cinders that fall close to the
chimney/vent.
• The manner of eruption for cinder cones is relatively
simple. When the lava erupts, cinders of it are blown
into the air. These fragmented cinders fall a short
distance from the opening, thus creating the cone.
Examples: Paricutín in Mexico, Lava
Butte, Sunset Crater

17. CINDER CONE

18. CHARACTERISTICS OF A VOLCANO

19. CHARACTERISTICS OF A VOLCANO
Shield Volcano
• Shield volcanoes can be very, very big in size. However, they
are not as dangerous as that size might make it seem. This is
because the eruption of lava out of shield volcanoes is not
accompanied by pyroclastic material (bursts of gas and
particles).
• Shield volcanoes may be tall but tend to be very broad, with
less steep slopes than other volcanoes.
• Shield volcanoes can be huge because of their ample supply
of magma. For example, Mauna Loa is a shield volcano that
rises more than 30,000 feet above its base on the bottom of
the ocean.
Examples: Hualalai, Mauna Loa, Kohala Volcano

20. Shield Volcano

21. CHARACTERISTICS OF A VOLCANO

22. CHARACTERISTICS OF A VOLCANO
Composite Volcano
• Composite volcanoes are also known as strato volcanoes.
Composite volcanoes are reasonably big and can rise up 8,000-
10,000 feet.
• They can range anywhere from 1-10 km in diameter. Their
eruptions are dangerous and explosive in nature, with many
layers of lava and pyroclastic materials, the current of rock
and gas that can reach 1,800°F and 450 mph, killing any living
organism in its path immediately. Example is the Pompeii
Volcano
• The general structure of composite volcanoes is tall and
symmetrical and with steep sides.
• Commonly, composite volcanoes erupt hot gases, ash, lava,
and pumice as well as stiff, slow-moving lava. Moreover,
deadly mudflows—also commonly known as ‘lahars’—can also
accompany the eruption.

23. CHARACTERISTICS OF A VOLCANO
Composite Volcano
• Composite volcanoes are believed to kill the most people
because of their deadly nature and high numbers. Apart
from their dangerous side, composite volcanoes are also
famous because they comprise some of the most
beautiful mountains on planet Earth. For example, Mount
Fuji of Japan and Mount Shasta in California are two
famous composite volcanoes.
Examples: Mount Fuji, Mount Shasta
Mount St. Helens, Mount
Rainier

24. Composite Volcano

25. CHARACTERISTICS OF A VOLCANO

26. CHARACTERISTICS OF A VOLCANO
Lava Domes
• Unlike composite and shield volcanoes, lava domes are of
significantly smaller stature. They are formed when the
lava is too viscous to flow to a great distance. As the lava
dome slowly grows, the outer surface cools and hardens as
the lava continues to pile within. Eventually, the internal
pressure can shatter the outer surface, causing loose
fragments to spill down its sides.
• Generally, such lava domes are found on the flanks of
larger composite volcanoes.
Examples: There are lava domes within the
crater of Mount St. Helens,
Chaitén lava dome, Lassen Peak

27. Lava Domes

28. Different Types of Volcanoes
SUMMARY
Type of Volcano Shape Height Slope
Cinder Cone, AKA
Scoria Cone
Symmetrical cone
Up to 1,200 feet (370
meters)
30-40 degrees
Shield Tall and broad
Up to over 30,000 feet
(9,000 meters)
Roughly 10 degrees near the
base and 5 degrees near the
top
Composite, AKA
Strato
Tall, steep, and
symmetrical
Up to 8,000 feet (2,400
meters)
Roughly 6 degrees near the
base and roughly 30 degrees
near the top
Lava Dome Dome Up to 330 feet (100 meters) 25-30 degrees

29. LET’S TRY THIS….
Mount Pinatubo
Caldera

30. LET’S TRY THIS….
Mount Krakatoa
Composite

31. LET’S TRY THIS….
Kilauea Volcano
Shield Volcano

32. LET’S TRY THIS….
Crater of Mount St. Helens
Lava Domes

33. TRY IT ON YOUR OWN….
Chaiten Volcano

34. TRY IT ON YOUR OWN….
Lassen Peak

35. TRY IT ON YOUR OWN….
Mount Kanlaon

36. TRY IT ON YOUR OWN….
Mount Etna

37. TRY IT ON YOUR OWN….
Mount Piracutin in Mexico

38. The End…
Nature is BEAUTFUL especially when WELL-TAKEN CARED OF,
But Nature can be DANGEROUS when DISTURBED…
JUST LIKE US.