1. Goodwins Theory Palance JW and Blaze Jordan Mander

2. A relationship between the lyrics and the visuals, with the visuals illustrating, amplifying or contradicting the lyrics.

3. A relationship between the music and the visuals, with the visuals illustrating, amplifying or contradicting the music.

4. Genre-related style and iconography present.

5. Multiple close-ups of the main artist or vocalist.

6. Voyeurism often plays a major part, especially in relation to females.

7. Intertextual references to other media texts may be present.