1. 0

2. Extracting Value from Open
Licensing Arrangements:
CC 3.0 and beyond
Dr. Prodromos Tsiavos
EnCoRe
UKOER2010
23_07_10

3. Data Licence
four elements
Value Flow

4. ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
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DATA
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1

5. What do we mean by -DATA-?
<legal>
Copyright vs. Database Right
Public Sector Information
Data Protection
Freedom of Information
Transparency
INSPIRE
</legal>

6. Where should I look for
governance
instruments?

7. International
treaties
EU directives
Laws
Policies Organisational
procedures
Funding Employment contributors
agreements contracts agreements
Licence Agreements

8. ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
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VALUE
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2

9. Four
­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
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Uncomfortable Truths
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­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­

10. No. One
Value does not
necessarily
mean
£££

11. Types of value identified per case study
BL ASR BMAGIC VoB BBC Century MyExperim BECTA NEN OMII
Share ent Repurpose
Non Monetary
Educational X X X X X X X
Reputation building X X
Quality Improvement X X X
Audience Creation X X
Increasing relevance of X X X X X
material
Collective Memory X X X X
Research X X X X X X
Building on existing X X X
Knowledge
Culture dissemination X X X X
and preservation
Monetary
Revenue Creation X
Sustainability X X X
Securing future funding X X X X X

12. No. Two
Value
does not
always model
follow
the

13. the
model

14. i
give
u

15. u
give
£ me

16. network
Value
may
follow
the
model

17. In the network
I don't
sell
model

18. I don't
sell

19. In the network
I create
value from
relationships
model

20. Think of:

21. No. three
cost
and
openness

22. Free as in Free Beer
(You get it for free)

23. Free as in Free Speech
(You speak your
mind)

24. Free as in FreeDom of Information
(Free access to public
information)

25. Free as in Free Puppy
(You get it for free...
...and you have to pay it for
the rest of your life)

26. No. Four
Value
requires
clarity

27. No. Four
clarity
requires
rules

28. ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
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LICENCES
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3

29. [1]
Human-Readable: Commons Deed
[2]
Lawyer-Readable:
Legal Code
[three expressions]
[3]
Machine-Readable:
Logo + Link
Meta Data

30. schematic

31. Prodromos Tsiavos © 2010 CC_BY_ND
Is Commercial Use Allowed?
Yes No
Can the User Make
Changes?
Yes No Yes No
CC_BY_ND CC_BY_NC_ND
st the Derivative Work Be Distributed Under the Same Terms and Condition
Yes No Yes No
CC_BY CC_BY_SA CC_BY_NC CC_BY_SA_NC
31
Open Closed

32. Licence Species
Six Basic licences
based on the
combination of
three licence
elements
Creative Commons
CC Sampling Licence
Licences
Public Domain Founders’
Dedication Copyright
Developing Nations
Licence Music Sharing

33. Licence Species
Six Basic licences
based on the
combination of
three licence
X
elements
Creative Commons
CC Sampling Licence
Licences
T Public Domain
Dedication
X Founders’
Copyright
X
Developing Nations
Licence
X
Music Sharing

34. Creative Commons licensing operation
[modules]

35. Understanding the operation of
the licences
Basic Template
Dual Structure
Variable Licence
Elements
The licensor retains her
copyright and autonomy
Licence principles:
The licensee is the recipient of a
number of freedoms the licensor
chooses to award

36. The operation of the basic
template I (freedoms)
To reproduce the
work
Basic Freedoms To include the work
in a collective
work
To distribute
copies
To modify the work Display publicly,
so that the rights perform publicly,
may be exercised in to perform publicly
all media formats/ by means of digital
platforms audio transmission

37. The Licensor may
The operation of the basic license the work under
different terms and
template II (licensor’s conditions
autonomy)
Licensor reserves
all rights not
explicitly granted
The licensor
retains autonomy/ No sublicensing is
control allowed
The licensee is
obliged to carry
all notices
regarding the
copyright of the
licensor
The licensee cannot impose The licensee is
any additional legal obliged to
restriction or obstruct the attribute the
dissemination of the work original author
(e.g. using Digital Rights
Management)

38. Licence elements
Attribution
Non Commercial
No Derivatives
ShareAlike

39. Combinations
Attribution
Attribution – Share Alike
Attribution – No Derivatives
Attribution – Non Commercial
Attribution – Non Commercial -
ShareAlike
Attribution – Non Commercial – No Derivati
39

40. Licence elements
Attribution
Non Commercial
No Derivatives
ShareAlike

41. Combinations
Attribution
Attribution – Share Alike
Attribution – No Derivatives
Attribution – Non Commercial
Attribution – Non Commercial -
ShareAlike
Attribution – Non Commercial – No Derivati
41

42. Additional Features
[CCUK 3.0]

43. + from CC 2.5
* single licence for all three jurisdictions (EW/ NI/ SC)
* Clarifications (collective work/ licensor/ restrictions/ TPM/
Attribution
* No Endorsement
* Express Moral Rights Acknowledgement
* CC Notice
* SA features
* Differentiation between derivative and original
* Sui Generis Database Right

44. The ShareAlike element
Share Alike
• It refers to the derivative works
• When the licensor creates a derivative work,
she has to further license it under the same terms
and conditions as the work it was based upon
• Particularly relevant when multiple authors
create a work in a virtual environment (e.g. wikis,
sampling sites)

45. The ShareAlike element and the GFDL licence
•As of 03.11.08, the CC_BY_SA and GFDL licences are
compatible
•Wikipedia transition
•Huge step in reducing fragmentation of the commons
•URL: http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/10443

46. Remember:
- know your value
- clear your rights
- standardise
- use mixed models

47. ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
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fLOWS
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4

48. Types of
Open
Access

49. 1
Horizontal
open
access

50. Examples

51. Shallow Open Access
User 1
•There is a central
acces point only
• Super­distributions
(p2p) is not possible
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ • The licences used
are essentially
expressions of
limitations (exceptions,
fair use, fair dealing)
User IV

52. Why Shallow Open
Access
User 1
* Content control
* Quality assurance
* provenance
* de facto control of
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ commercial uses
* Limited issues of rights
clearance
User IV

53. User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV

54. User 1 Organisation
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV Access Point

55. User 1 Organisation
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
Flow of content User IV Access Point

56. User 1 Organisation
Flow of permissions
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
Flow of Content User IV Access Point

57. Key licence elements
Ι
Limitations on:
(a) Use
User 1
­ Private
­ Non Commercial
-For Educational purposes only­
- No Derivative Works
(b) User
-Teachers / Educators -
Academics
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ - Students
­ Staff of other organisations (HE –
FE – MLA)
(c) Location ­ Membership
­ Country / region campus
­ Members of specific organisation
(d) Moral rights
User IV ­ Attribution
­ Integrity
­ Non Endorsement

58. Key Licence
Elements ΙΙ
Rights/ Freedoms:
User 1 (a) Use
­ Private
(b) Communication to the
public
-Educational
-NonCommercial
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ (c) Reproduction
-Private
-Non Commercial
-Educational
User IV

59. Key Licence
Elements ΙΙΙ
Other important elements:
(a) the licences are either
User 1 contracts that require offer,
consideration and acceptance
(e.g. British Museum) or
“naked”­ “bare” licences
(b) there are licence­specific
definitions on:
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ ­ non­commercial – private –
educational use
(c) there are specific
provisions with regards to
-Personal data (PD)
-Registration with the ICO
-Policies about PD handling
User IV
-Protections of minors
-Cultural Heritage provisions
-Public Sector Information

60. Why is horizontal
access also shallow?
Horizontal access is
normally shallow as well
User 1 because:
­ Public and private
organisations feel more
comfortable with this mode
of content disseminations
­ The content is accessible
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ and may be easily used
even by users with minimum
ICT skills
User IV

61. 2
Vertical
Open
Access

62. cases

63. User 1 Organisation
Flow of permissions
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
Flow of Content User IV Access Point

64. User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User V
User IV

65. User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User V
User IV
Access Points

66. User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User V
User IV
Access Point

67. User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User V
User IV End-User Access
Point

68. User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User V
User IV

69. User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User V
User IV

70. Licensing forms
-Users normally exchange
content with each other
using some form of open
licensing schemes
- The most wide spread CC
licences:
• CC_BY_SA_NC
User ΙΙ • CC_BY_SA
User V

71. The
Models

72. Flows of rights
Flows of
content
[flow models]

73. The nomad
model
© Casas-Rodríguez Collection, 2009
[A]
CC_NC_ND

74. 1990 2000 2009
Org 1 Org 2 Org 3
Permissions Content Permissions Content Permissions Content

75. 1990 2000 2009
Rights Collection
point
Org 1 Org 2 Org 3
Permissions Content Permissions Content Permissions Content

76. Clean Hands
[B]

77. National Centre for eResearch (MyExperiment/ OMII)

78. National Library for Health eLearning Object Repository (LOR)

80. User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User V
User IV

81. User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User V
User IV

82. Key points
­ While the content is
User 1 deposited in a common
repository the flows of
permissions (or rights)
follow a different trajectory
- When CC licences are
used, the permissions flow
User ΙΙ directly from the rights­
owner to the content
User IV

83. User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User V
User IV

84. User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User V
User IV

85. Licensing forms
­ The content ownership
varies: it may belong to the
distributing organisation or
third parties
User ΙΙΙ
­ The distributing organisation may
make available only the content for
which either it has obtained rights
or the rights­holders allow it to be
stored on its servers.

88. Walled Garden
models
© Recursion see recurcion 2006 CC_NC_SA
[C]

89. Model
One

91. Full
Rights
Transfer

92. Open
Release

93. Commercial
Release
* Necessary
for selling
* difference
between code
and data
licences
* GPL-type
licences offer
protection

94. Model
Two

96. No
Rights
Transfer

97. No
Rights
X Transfer
X

98. ...but
* membership
agreement
* no actions
agreement
Standards
Protocols
Info-
structures

99. 3
Open
Meta-
Access

100. Cases
100

101. User 1 Organisation
Flow of permissions
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
Flow of Content User IV Access Point
101

102. User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV
102

103. User 1
DATA SET I
DATA SET II
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
DATA SET III
User IV
103

104. User 1
Flow of Rights
Data Flow over Data
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
DATA SET II
User IV
104

105. Flow of Rights
Data Flow over Data
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
DATA SET II
105

106. User 1
Flow of Rights
Data Flow over Data
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
DATA SET II
User IV
106

107. Open Meta Access I
­ Meta­Data and Content follow
the same path
­ Meta­Data are normally
accompanied by a set of
permissions that follow the same
trajectory as the meta­data
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
107

108. Open Meta­Access II
­ Meta­data flows do not follow
the same trajectory as the content
­ A user may download content
while uploading meta­data
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET II
User IV
108

109. Open Meta Access III
­ The most important users of
meta­data collections are
organisations, such as
aggregators (e.g. Europeana) or
collaborative sites (e.g.
Wikimedia)
DATA SET I
User II
DATA SET II
109

110. DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
110

111. DATA SET I
+
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET III
=
DATA SET IV
111

112. Open Meta­Access IV
­ The user downloads meta­data
which are then combined and
enriched with meta­data she
provides
-This behavioral patterns relates
to the need of the user to identify
DATA SET I with the content, to combine it
+ with other content for cultural
DATA SET I reasons or in general to
User ΙΙ contextualise it in order to
DATA SET III customise it to her own benefit
=
DATA SET IV
DATA SET IV
112

113. Open Meta­Access V
­ Other users may have access to
the same content but enriched
User 1 with additional meta­data.
DATA SET I
+ DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET III
=
DATA SET IV
DATA SET IV
113

114. User V
User 1
DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
+ DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET III Open Meta­access VI
­ Provided that the licensing
= schemes allow it, meta­data may
DATA SET IV flow outside a specific content
DATA SET IV repository
-Most licences used allow such
alternative flows under certain
conditions (private/ educational/
non commercial use)
114

115. + = User V
DATA SET IV DATA SET V DATA SET V
User 1
DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
+ DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET III Open Meta­Access VII
­ When the flow of meta­data
= occurs outside the repository the
DATA SET IV enrichment may take place on a
DATA SET IV peer­to­peer basis
115

116. + = User V
DATA SET IV DATA SET V DATA SET V
DATA SET V
User 1
DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
+ DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET III Open Meta­Accss VIII
­ The most important users of
= meta data are other organisations
DATA SET IV or collaborative platforms
DATA SET IV
BBC/BL OR
wikipedia/ myExperiment
116

117. + = User V
DATA SET IV DATA SET V DATA SET V
DATA SET V
User 1
DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
+ DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET III Open Meta­access IX
­ Such organisations package
= third­party content with meta­data
DATA SET IV created by their user­base
DATA SET IV
117

118. + = User V
DATA SET IV DATA SET V DATA SET V
DATA SET V
User 1
DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
+ DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET III
DATA SET V
=
DATA SET IV
Open Meta­access X
DATA SET IV Provided the relevant
infrastructure (technical, legal,
organisational) is in place,
different organisations may share
meta­data either directly or
through a common user base. 118

119. + = User V
DATA SET IV DATA SET V DATA SET V
DATA SET V
User 1
DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
+ DATA SET IV
DATA SET I
User ΙΙ
DATA SET III
DATA SET V
=
DATA SET IV
Open Meta­Access XI
DATA SET IV ­ The breaking down of streamed
content in increasingly smaller
units, the enrichment of meta­
data with content and the use of
open licences for the reuse and
repurposing of meta data leads to
119
an indirect deepening of
horizontal open access.

120. why * low transaction costs
* simplicity
* no liability
* more users
Is good 4U * more data
120

121. ***
Q + A
***
p.tsiavos@lse.ac.uk
Prodromos Tsiavos
EnCoRe Research Officer
The London School of
Economics and Political
Science
Houghton Street
London WC2A 2AE
UK