The user -driven evolution of Janet - Jisc Digifest 2016

Network Futures
Jeremy Sharp, Jisc

The network futures challenge!
» Increasingly ‘always-on, always-available’ connected world
» Applications only (almost) limited by imagination
» Raising the complexity of the underlying infrastructure
2/03/2016 Network Futures

Contents
1. Back to the future
2. Trends in education
3. Research: an evolving e-infrastructure
4. Broader drivers and key requirements summary
5. Preparing for the future
6. Closing remarks

The Dawn of Janet
Late 1970s
SRCnet
regional
research
networks
1984
JANET born
X.25 network
9.6kbit/s
50 sites
Late 1980s
X.25 network
2Mbit/s backbone
64kbit/s access
200 sites
Early 1990s
X.25 network
8Mbit/s backbone
2Mbit/s access
Early 1991
JANET IP Pilot
(over X.25)

Janet comes of Age
1992
SuperJANET
PDH & SMDS
34Mbit/s
backbone
1995
SuperJANET II
IP over ATM
155Mbit/s
backbone
Late 1990s
SuperJANET III
General
bandwidth
upgrade
2001
SuperJANET4
10Gbit/s core
FE joins
≈1,000 sites
2006
SuperJANET5
100Gbit/s core
Janet6
Multiple
100Gbit/s
Optical
2013

Reliability - 1986 style…

» Numbers are traffic volume
» Guess the unit
» Mbytes/day

Addressing schemes

Trends in education and research

Uptake of Cloud services
» 56% of institutions (HE and FE) using public Cloud for email
» Office 365 use increasing
» 69% of institutions (HE and FE) are/have plans to adopt Cloud services for
business applications
» Direct peerings with Google andAmazon building steadily
» Continuing trend of moving education systems and library management systems
to the Cloud
» Off-site datacentre use

Adoption of other business models
» An increasing culture of change and innovation in HE and FE
» Increasing cross institution collaboration
» A growing focus on personalised learning, driving the gathering and analysis of
large amounts of data
» A proliferation of open educational resources
» Redesigning learning and library spaces incorporating the use of technology
» Streaming and video capture of lectures, and increased online interaction
between students and teaching staff both on and off campus
» Media rich creation and delivery of coursework
» Growth of satellite campuses both nationally and internationally
» Increasing university and business collaboration

Student experience
» Increasing the broader student experience has become a significant
differentiator
» Provision of pervasive & high quality wi-fi & support for BYOMD
› Supporting student learning and entertainment requirements

A case study: University X
University X : A teaching university that has ssen a 30% annual growth rate on
its network. Factors are:
» Increased use of rich media, particularly video in teaching
› Sports science uses a lot of HD video
› Most video is streamed from external services such as youtube
» Increased use ofWireless
› Ever more powerful devices holding increasingly large amounts of storage
› Increased video consumption
› Devices auto-synchronising with Cloud services

A case study: University X
» Move to the Cloud
› A move to Office365 was completed nearly 2 years ago
› Migrating content storage to Microsoft’sOneDrive
» Campus traffic to it’s on-site datacentre is around 10x that of traffic to and from
Janet (3Gbit/s vs 300Mbit/s)
» If most services migrated to the Cloud then traffic to Janet would grow tenfold

Research: an evolving e-infrastructure

Norwich Bioinformatics Cluster
» The Genome Analysis Centre -TGAC
» The Sainsbury Laboratory
» John Innes Centre
» Institute for Food Research
» University of EastAnglia
» Norwich Research Park

Hinxton Genome Campus
»European Molecular Biology
Laboratory - European
Bioinformatics Institute
»The Sanger Centre
»Babraham Institute

DNA Sequencing

DNA sequencing – Mapping base pairs

Genomics
» Genome Data accumulating very rapidly
» Driven by sequencing technology breakthroughs
» Faster than exponential growth
» “Moores Law”
» How to cope ?
› Data storage
› Data processing
» Current machines doubling output maybe every six months !
» Science leading towards personalised medicine

»Met Office
»University of Exeter
»Weather and Climate
Research
»Monsoon HPC and M.O.

Monsoon
» Joint Met Office and NERC
supercomputer
» Atmosphere,Weather and Climate
research
» Inform policy onClimate Change
» Higher Spatial and temporal
resolution
» Comparing models
» Greater collaboration with academic
research community

Cern LHC: Atlas Experiment

Higgs to four muon candidate event

Radio Astronomy
» Radio waves much longer than light
waves
» Even large Radio telescopes have
much lower resolution than optical
telescopes
› eg moon looks 3 x 3 pixels to a
single telescope
» BUT – Linking widely spaced
telescopes together recovers the
resolution
» Combine signals from telescopes in
real time
› Long Baseline Interferometry
› Very weak signals – poor signal to
noise
› Signal averaging and correlation
› Telescope radio signal = signal
from source + random noise
› Needs very accurate timing
» High data rates – 1 to 30Gbit/s

» Very Long Baseline Interferometry
(VLBI) network
» Real-time signal correlation
» Forms a more powerful “single”
telescope
» Better science

LOFAR

LOPFAR Network

Towards the Square Kilometer Array
» Science interest
» Evolution of stars and galaxies after
“big bang”
» Early universe – “dark ages”
» Gravity and cosmic magnetism
» Dark matter – dark energy

Super HighVision – High resolution media
» BBC trial with NHK for 2012 Olympics
» Janet and other NRENs transmit signals over their networks
» ~300Mbit/s per stream compressed
» Super High-Vision is:
› 16 times as many pixels as HDTV
› 7680 by 4320 pixels
› 22.2 channel sound
› 8m wide screen
› Amazing!
› Immersive

SHV at Broadcasting House – RadioTheatre

Super Hi-Vision and the Olympics

Broader drivers and key requirements summary

The Internet ofThings
» Network of physical objects
» Collect and exchange data
» Improved efficiency, accuracy and
economic benefit
› Smart grids
› Smart buildings
› Intelligent transport
› Smart cities

Requirements going into the future
The requirements boil down to:
» Reliability
» Scalability
» Flexibility
» Security
» Reachability

Preparing for the future
Faster Faster!!

Predictable bandwidth growth
Since 2010 traffic is doubling every 2.5 years

Network now
Glasgow
Leeds
London
TelehouseWest
Bristol
Manchester
London
Telecity Powergate
Birmingham Nottingham
London
Telehouse North
London
Telecity HX
Global Transit
and Peering
Peering
Shared
Datacentre
GlobalTransit
and Peering
200G
300G
100G

Bigger bandwidth building blocks
» Janet was one of the first networks, globally, to deploy 40Gbit/s and 100Gbit/s
technology
» On the backbone we use 100Gbit/s building blocks
» What next:
› 200Gbit/s
› 400Gbit/s
› 1Tbit/s

Where do I send this packet!

Addressing

Sept 2015 – ARIN runs out of IPv4 completely

April 2011 – first? Major IPv4 acquisition

I want this capacity between A and B and I want it now!

A more agile and dynamic network
»Different network architecture
› Central ‘brain’ allowing network to
be programmed
› Leading to more agility
› Particularly around capacity
provisioning
Software Define Networking

Mobile amazement..

The (near?) future promises…
» Games and New experiences
› Play a virtual game with a friend across the world
› Visit a fancy beach whilst stuck in you house
» Self-driving cars
» Remote Health-care
› Doctors conducting procedures remotely using robots
» Videoconference like you’re really there
» Lightening like web speeds

5G
» 1-10Gbps connections to end points
in the field (i.e. not theoretical
maximum)
» 1 millisecond end-to-end round trip
delay (latency)
» 1000x bandwidth per unit area
» 10-100x number of connected
devices
» (Perception of) 99.999% availability
5G Mobile

5G
» (Perception of) 100% coverage
» 90% reduction in network energy
usage
» Up to ten year battery life for low
power, machine-type devices
» Early services in 2018 – more like
2020
5G Mobile

Better access technologies
» Theoretically possible to run a wireless connection at 800Gbit/s
» 33 HD films per second!
What’s next

Janet –Your network, taking you into the future
» Janet has been serving Research and Education for over 30 years
» Keeping ahead of meeting your requirements
» Delivering national and global solutions
» Planning for the future with you…...

jisc.ac.uk
Except where otherwise noted, this work
is licensed under CC-BY-NC-ND
Jeremy Sharp
Thank-you

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We’ve enjoyed Digifest 2016; and we hope you have too

The user -driven evolution of Janet - Jisc Digifest 2016

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