2. What is Psychotherapy?
Mayo Clinic: General term for the treatment of a mental
(behavioral) disorder while working with a mental health
provider
Corsini (2005): Formal process of interaction between two
parties for the purpose of ameliorating distress with the
therapist having some theory of personality’s origins,
development, maintenance and change along with a method
of treatment related to the theory, in the areas of:
Cognitive
Affective
Behavioral
3. Which do we use?
Many schools of psychotherapy exist
Forms of therapy are based on various theories
Clusters of techniques are often associated with different
schools of psychotherapy
Mechanisms of change are often provided by theory and
some have received scientific attention
History of Psychotherapy (15 mins)
Wundt
Darwin
Freud
William James
Watson
Thorndike
Skinner
Wolpe
Exercise: PMR
Did that work?
Ellis
Beck
Linehan
Hayes
Etc.
Will do history in a few slides. Can reference general history here, OR NOT, either way details come later, e.g., Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, Ellis, etc.
Theory of Change = Mechanisms
Which Psychotherapy
Zeitgeist?
What the client wants? It is his/her therapy?
Clinical Utility?
What kind of therapy do we like? Use? Same? Why?
How should we decide?
Role of Science in Psychotherapy (Empirically Based Treatments)
What tools (techniques) do we use?
Why?
What is the rationale?
What are the criteria
Classical
Pavlov – experiment, theory
John B. Watson – Little Albert, , then what therapies (Prolonged exposure, Exposure plus response prevention, Systematic desensitization?)
Operant
Skinner –
Questions:
How many days would you work after your paychecks stop?
How many times would you put a $1 into a vending machine if it wasn’t giving you a can?
(if sensitive to contingencies, you stop)
Social Learning
Bandura
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Based on these learning principles (classical, operant, social learning) could I get you scared of flying on an airplane without getting on the plane?
Could watch your fearful parent, could put you on a plane with turbulence and reinforce screaming. Will you be afraid of a similar object? (like Little Albert)
Yes by modeling: by watching your parent express a fear response
Yes by classical: contact with it and then UCS
Yes by operant??: at least train an avoidance response
*Can I get a fear response without ever having contact with a primary property (direct experience)? [No, need language for that]
Chomsky challenges Skinner – Skinner can’t explain a fear response to something which the organism (person) has never had direct contact with an aspect of the stimulus. Example, anyone afraid of Ebola? Ever seen an Ebola?
Ellis
Beck
Exercise: Man in the Elevator
Cognitive Distortion on the Board
Exercise: Identify IB, Rehearse RB
Did that work?
Etc.
Do a role play
Acceptance Based
MBCT
DBT? Unclear if it is 3rd Wave or not
ACT