Human impact on ecosystem

1. Human Impact
on
Ecosystem

2. Introduction
• Human survival depends on the health of the
ecosystem.
• Human harm the environment by causing
global warming, habitat destruction and acid
deposition.
• 90% depleted marine species
• Water pollution is devastating to people,
animals, fishes and birds.

3. Ecosystem
Includes all biotic and abiotic factors in
one particular environment
Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors
the living parts of
an ecosystem
the non-living
parts of an
ecosystem

4. Impact of Nutrient(Inorganic)
Pollution
Causes-
• Eutrophication- Excess nutrient (Nitrogen and Phosphorus)
stimulate algal growth
Source-
• surface runoff from fields
• Sewage-treatment plants
• cooling water in electricity

6. Impact of Organic Pollution
 Causes-
• Excess of organic manure
and sewage in water
• Depletion of oxygen
 Source-
• Domestic sewage
• Industrial effluent
• Farm waters

7. Impact of Oil Pollution
 Mostly Affected Aquatic
animals-
• Fish
• And aquatic Birds
 Source-
• Oil spills
• Normal operation of tankers
• Coastal refineries
• River runoff
• Urban runoff and sewage

8. Oil Spill in Mumbai

9. Impact of Thermal Pollution
 Three major Causes of thermal pollution-
• Use of water as a cooling agent
• Soil erosion
• Run-off from hot-paved surface
 Thermal pollution can lead to a decrease in
dissolved oxygen level in the water while increasing
the biological demand of aquatic organisms for
oxygen.

10. Impact of Radioactive Pollution
Sources of radioactive
pollution-
• Nuclear power plants
• Medical waste
• Mining of radioactive ore
Radioactive pollution can be a
very dangerous thing because
radiation mutates DNA, causing
abnormal growth and possibly
cancer.

11. Human Activity by Fishing Practices
Destructive Fishing
practices-
• Poison fishing
• Explosive fishing

12. Effect of destructive fishing
practices-
• Destroy habitat
• Inhibits the growth of new corals
• Reduces fish stocks
• Loss of fishery jobs & income
• Loss of lives
• Loss of coastal protection and tourism

13. Human Impact on Coral Reef
• Coral mining, pollution, over fishing, blast
fishing and the digging of
canals are serious threats
to these ecosystems.
• Approximately 10% world’s
coral reefs are already dead.
• About 60% of the world’s coral reef are at risk .

14. Impact of Global Warming on Sea
• It is caused by the influx of human industry
and agriculture.
• Greenhouse gases such as CO2 and
methane are responsible for Global
Warming in Sea.
• Physical effects of ocean warming on
marine populations:
• Changes in natural habitats and food supply
• Changing ocean chemistry/acidification

15. Ocean Acidification
• It is caused by CO2.
• 30-40% of the CO2 released by humans
• Ocean acidification is a worldwide issue,
it is more soluble in colder water

16. Impact of Sewage on Fish
• Highly adversely affected fish and other
aquatic life.
• Excess organic matter reduce the
dissolved oxygen content, adding stress to
aquatic organisms and resulting in their
death.
• Fish mortality is the most obvious
indication of adverse effects of sewage.

17. Impact of Overfishing
• Overfishing occur when fish and other
marine species are caught at a faster rate
than they can reproduce.
• It has destroyed many of the traditional
fishing industries of the world.
• Over fishing impacts not only the natural
balance and health of our ocean but has also
resulted in great financial loss.

18. Protection
 The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was
created in 1970.
• Legislation helps to protect the environment and
endangered species.
• Clean Air Act
• Clean Water Act
• Endangered Species Act
 There are several ways that people can help protect
the environment.
• Control population growth
• Develop sustainable technology and practices
• Protect and maintain ecosystems

19. Conclusion
• Human survival and well-being totally depend on the
ecosystem.
• Human activities can be direct threats to ecosystems.
They cause destruction, degradation, and the impairment
of biodiversity.
• Human activities affect marine life as a result of
pollution, overfishing, the introduction of invasive
species, and acidification. All marine pollution has the
potential to seriously damage marine habitats and life in
the sea.
• Various laws and policies are created to protect our
ecosystem.

20. Reference-
 Dr. S. Ayyappan.; Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture;
page no. (822-842)
 WWW.wikipedia.com
• Narasimha Moger.; KVAFSU, College of Fisheries,
Mangalore, Karnataka, India, “Human Impact on Marine
Ecosystem.”
• Holly Blazewicz & Joy Hurtault & Jason Hedlund.; “Human
effects on ecosystems”
• Kleypas, Joan A.; (June 2006). "Impacts of Ocean
Acidification on Coral Reefs and Other Marine Calcifiers: A
Guide for Future Research".
• Coral reefs around the world Guardian.co.uk, 2 September
2009

21.  www.googleimage.com
• Mr. Garside.; Mr. Jones.; Mr. Schumacher.; Mr. Wilcox
“Human Impact on Ecosystems” (2008 McDougal Littell )
• "Oil Spills and Disasters". Retrieved 2008-11-16.
 www.nass.gov
• James W. Nybakken.; page no.(418-445) Marine biology An
Ecologycal Approach (forth edition)