Linked dataworkshopintro14aug2014
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This document summarizes a Linked Data workshop held at the Wellcome Institute on August 14, 2014. The workshop covered topics related to using Linked Data principles and RDF to describe archival resources and connect different datasets. Attendees learned about entities, identifiers, triples, vocabularies, and tools like OpenRefine for matching and reconciling names across datasets. The goal is to tell stories for both humans and computers by linking related people, places, events and other concepts across archives and other cultural heritage sources on the web.
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Linked dataworkshopintro14aug2014
- 1. Linked Data: a practical approach Wellcome Institute, 14 August 2014 Adrian Stevenson and Jane Stevenson “Linked Data is Storytelling for computers. It doesn’t have the full richness, complexity and nuance that we invest in our narratives, but it does at least help computers to fit all the bits together in meaningful ways.”
- 2. Linked Data workshop • Entities and Identities • Documents and Data • URIs and Connections • Triples • Data Creation • RDF Graphs and the Archives Hub Graph • Vocabularies • Locah: our experience of creating RDF • Connecting datasets • Demonstration websites • Name Matching and Demo of Open Refine • Linking Lives interface • Calm and Linked Data • Round up and close
- 4. Martha Beatrice Webb, 1858-1943, social reformer
- 5. Martha Beatrice Webb, 1858-1943, social reformer is the creator of some archive collections
- 6. Each of these is about an archive collection Each of these is a document
- 7. Each document has lots of useful information Each is formatted so a human reader can understand it But let’s give each document an identifier that works on the Web… The Web works with http://
- 11. Martha Beatrice Webb, 1858-1943, social reformer http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/id/person/nra/webbmarthabeatrice1858-1943socialreformer http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/id/person/86607236 or…. http://viaf.org/viaf/86607236/ or….
- 12. Now we can make the statement: <creator-of> http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/id/archivalresource/ gb394-we http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/id/person/nra/ webbmarthabeatrice1858-1943socialreformer Martha Beatrice Webb is the creator of the archive Beatrice Webb: A summer holiday in Scotland, 1884 …identifiers for the Web (for a machine) …labels for humans
- 13. <creator-of> is the creator of the archive George Bernard Shaw Diaries …identifiers for the Web (for a machine) …labels for humans George Bernard Shaw, 1859-1950, playwright http://archiveshub.ac.uk/id/archivalresource/gb 0097sr0293 http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/id/person/ncarules/ shawgeorgebernard1856- 1950irishdramatistcriticandnovelist
- 14. We can start to say things about relationships… http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/id/person/nra/webb marthabeatrice1858-1943socialreformer <knew> http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/id/person/ncarules/sha wgeorgebernard1856- 1950irishdramatistcriticandnovelist
- 15. We can start to say things that go beyond what is known within our own space… http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/id/person/nra/webb marthabeatrice1858-1943socialreformer <is the same as> http://viaf.org/viaf/86607236/
- 16. We can start to find different sources about the same person… <is the same as> http://viaf.org/viaf/121884166/ http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/id/person/ncarules/shawgeorgeb ernard1856-1950irishdramatistcriticandnovelist http://dbpedia.org/page/George_Bernard_Shaw <is the same as>
- 17. We can put these ideas together… http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/id/person/nra/webbma rthabeatrice1858-1943socialreformer <knew> http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/id/person/ncarules/sha wgeorgebernard1856- 1950irishdramatistcriticandnovelist http://dbpedia.org/page/George_Bernard_Shaw <also known as>
- 18. GRAPHS AND DATA MODELLING
- 19. Archival Resource Person Created Subject: Archival Resource Predicate: CreatedBy Object: Person Subject > Predicate > Object CreatedBy Triple statement
- 21. Archival Resource Start date Subject: Archival Resource Predicate: dateCreated Object: Start date Subject > Predicate > Object dateCreated Triple statement
- 22. Archival Resource biographical history has Beatrice Webb (1858-1943), nee Potter, social reformer and diarist. Married to Sidney Webb, pioneers of social science. She was involved in many spheres of political and social activity including the Labour Party, Fabianism, social observation, investigations into poverty, development of socialism, the foundation of the National Health Service and post war welfare state, the London School of Economics, and the New Statesman. has http://archiveshub.ac.uk/d ata/gb227msda865.w4
- 23. http://data.archiveshub.ac.u k/id/archivalresource/gb394 -we http://lexvo.org/id/is o639-3/eng isLanguageOf Subject: Archival Resource Predicate: hasLanguage Object: Person Subject > Predicate > Object hasLanguage Triple statement
- 24. Archival Resource Repository Archival Record describedBy heldAt encodedAs EAD document Title has An RDF Graph Place locatedIn
- 25. Archival Resource Finding Aid EAD Document Biographical History Agent FamilyPerson Place Concept Genre Function Org maintainedBy/ maintains origination associatedWith accessProvidedBy/ providesAccessTo topic/ page hasPart/ partOf hasPart/ partOf encodedAs/ encodes Repository (Agent) Book Place topic/ page Language Level administeredBy/ administers hasBiogHist/ isBiogHistFor foaf:focus Is-a associatedWith level Is-a language Concept Scheme inScheme Object representedBy Postcode Unit Extent Creation Birth Death extent participates in Temporal Entity Temporal Entity at time at time product of in Subject
- 27. “You share vocabularies, so that other people (and computers) know when you’re talking about the same sorts of things. You share identifiers, so that other people (and computers) know that you’re talking about a specific person, place, object or whatever.” Tim Sherratt, Web Developer and Digital Historian, Australia
- 29. http://data.archiveshub.a c.uk/id/archivalresource/ gb394-we http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/id/ person/nra/webbmarthabeatrice 1858-1943socialreformer Subject: Archival Resource Predicate: ‘origination’ Object: Person Subject > Predicate > Object archiveshub:origination Triple statement
- 30. Archival Resource biographical history has Beatrice Webb (1858-1943), nee Potter, social reformer and diarist. Married to Sidney Webb, pioneers of social science. She was involved in many spheres of political and social activity including the Labour Party, Fabianism, social observation, investigations into poverty, development of socialism, the foundation of the National Health Service and post war welfare state, the London School of Economics, and the New Statesman. archiveshub:hasBio graphicalHistory http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/i d/archivalresource/gb394-we
- 31. http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/i d/archivalresource/gb394-we http://lexvo.org/id/i so639-3/eng Subject: Archival Resource Predicate: dcterms:language Object: Person Subject > Predicate > Object dcterms:language Triple statement
- 33. Linking Datasets • If something is identified, it can be linked to • We can then take items from one dataset and link them to items from other datasets BBC VIAF DBPedia Archives Hub Copac GeoNames
- 34. “Humans, presented with pieces of information about people, put things into the form of a story.” (Edward Ayers) “even isolated and inert pieces of evidence – a list, a letter, a map, a picture – can assume new and unimagined meanings when placed in juxtaposition with other fragments.” (Edward Ayers)
- 44. Workshop Resources • Workshop resources available from: http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/workshops/wellcome2014/ Workshop resources at http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/workshops/ wellcome2014/ 44
- 45. owl:sameAs Archives Hub Person owl:sameAs VIAF Person Workshop resources at http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/workshops/wellcome2014/ 45
- 46. owl:sameAs <http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/id/person/nra/webbma rthabeatrice1858-1943socialreformer> owl:sameAs <http://viaf.org/viaf/86607236> . Workshop resources at http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/workshops/wellcome2014/ 46
- 47. Matching Tools • LOD Refine • http://code.zemanta.com/sparkica/download.html • SILK Framework • http://wifo5-03.informatik.uni- mannheim.de/bizer/silk/#workbench • Module 3 at http://euclid-project.eu/ good for use of Open Refine and SILK Workshop resources at http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/workshops/ wellcome2014/ 47
- 48. LOD Refine • Install files available from: – Mac: • http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/workshops/wellcome2014/M ac.zip – Windows: • http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/workshops/wellcome2014/Wi ndows.zip – Direct: • http://code.zemanta.com/sparkica/download.html • Install LOD Refine, run it and then in a web browser go to http://localhost:3333/ Workshop resources at http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/workshops/ wellcome2014/ 48
- 49. LOD Refine • Download example matching file from: – http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/workshops/wellco me2014/Matching_Sample.csv – In LOD Refine go to ‘Create Project’ and import the Matching_Sample.csv data. Workshop resources at http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/workshops/ wellcome2014/ 49
- 50. Name Concatenation • To concat the FamilyName, GivenName and Dates: • Add new column: – Click on left down of ‘?Dates’ and select ‘Edit Column’ > ‘Add Column Based on this Column’ – Name the new column, e.g. ‘ConcatName’ – Use the following GREL expression: • cells["?FamilyName"].value + ", " + cells["?GivenName"].value + ", " + cells["?Dates"].value Workshop resources at http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/workshops/ wellcome2014/ 50
- 52. Reconcile to VIAF • Info on Roderick Page’s VIAF reconciliation service at: – http://iphylo.blogspot.co.uk/2013/04/reconciling-author- names-using-open.html • Add the VIAF reconciliation service by clicking on Concat column down arrow and select ‘Reconcile’ > ‘Start reconciling’ • Add the URI for VIAF reconciliation service: – http://iphylo.org/~rpage/phyloinformatics/services/reconciliatio n_viaf.php • Start Reconciling! Workshop resources at http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/workshops/ wellcome2014/ 52
- 54. VIAF Reconciliation • Facet the reconcil results by judgement • Confirm the matched and unmatched data as required • Possibly create another column for e.g SKOS close matches or ‘isLikes’ Workshop resources at http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/workshops/ wellcome2014/ 54
- 55. Create VIAF URI Column • Select the reconciled column’s dropdown menu > Edit column > Add column based on this column • Give col a name and add the GREL expression: – "http://viaf.org/viaf/"+cell.recon.match.id Workshop resources at http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/workshops/ wellcome2014/ 55
- 56. Export the VIAF Triples • Edit the RDF skeleton to include the columns to be matched and link using the owl:sameAs property. • Check the preview • Export the RDF as Turtle of RDF/XML as required. Workshop resources at http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/workshops/ wellcome2014/ 56
- 58. How we created the tabular data Workshop resources at http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/workshops/ wellcome2014/ 58
- 59. http://wraggelabs.com/shed/presentations/anzsi/ What we need is a data framework that sits beneath the text, identifying people, dates and places, and defining relationships between them and our documentary sources. A framework that computers could understand and interpret, so that if they saw something they knew was a placename they could head off and look for other people associated with that place. Instead of just presenting our research we’d be creating a whole series of points of connection, discovery and aggregation. (Tim Sherratt) …this is the goal of Linked Data.
- 60. http://archiveshub.ac.uk http://archiveshub.ac.uk/blog http://archiveshub.ac.uk/locah http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/linkinglives This presentation is available under creative commons Non Commercial-Share Alike: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/
Editor's Notes
- A name what does this represent? You may know who I am referring to – but how can you be sure? Usually need context. But if the context is not given, or if it will vary….? Need to be sure who this is – need more than a name.
- This is more like it – unique surely? Identifiable in any context. Dates and a description. May seem obvious, but even when creating standard archival description the importance of a unique name entry is not always thought about
- OK, so we want to talk about this person in the context of archives. As a creator of archives. This is a nice clear human-readable statement.
- On the Archives Hub are a number of descriptions of collections where Beatrice Webb is the creator. Descriptions are documents – the Web has largely been about the idea of documents – accessing documents and linking thorugh to other documents through hypertext links. This has led us to think in terms of an archive description being a document – being presented as a whole, just as it would be pre-internet when it was printed out and available in the search room.
- The documents are designed to be easily readable by humans. But they are on the Web. We need to identify them in this context. The web identifies things by using the http URI identifiers.
- So here are all the identifiers for each of these collections, making them identifiable on the Web. They can be bookmarked, linked to, cited, and they are searchable via Google.
- So, the identifier is an integral part of the description. This identifier follows good practice – uses a clear, short URI that will be unique (should be unique!) because it includes the archive collection reference and the repository code and countrycode.
- Back to our name, which is included a number of times within the document.
- Thinking along the same lines as for the description itself, we need to identify the person in a web context – so she needs a URI as well.
- it starts to get interesting – providing URIs enables statements to be made in a machine-readable way. Here we have not included the URIs for the properties (that’s another story) but the principle is clear: there is a human readable version of the statement and a machine-readable version.
- Statements can be made based on this principle across all the data.
- So we get to the heart of the matter – it is all about connections, relationships and context. In isolation the identifier for a person is not useful, but we can start to refer to relationships with other people.
- When you talk about linked data, the real power lies in going outside of your own world – if other things have URIs then you can link to them.
- Researchers want to bring information together, so that’s what we should strive to do. We should strive to break down barriers between data sources. Documents tend to maintain barriers, or at least provide only narrow gates between them. A hyperlink from one document to another to another….
- These connections can be built up, we can start to link data sources in so many ways.
- A basic 3-part statement – a triple
- A literal, which uses text rather than a URI.
- We have four ‘things’ here: unit of description; repostiory; finding aid; EAD document. We have given Unit of description a number of properties. Other things can also have properties (this is simplified) These properties are indicated in the green boxes. They are also called predicates.
- The Archives Hub RDF model (simplified)
- In hypertext web sites it is considered generally rather bad etiquette not to link to related external material. The value of your own information is very much a function of what it links to, as well as the inherent value of the information within the web page. So it is also in the Semantic Web. Remember, this is about machines linking – machines need identifiers; humans generally know when something is a place or when it is a person. BBC + DBPedia + GeoNames + Archives Hub + Copac + VIAF = the Web as an exploratory space
- We’ve looked at various sources. They don’t all provide the data that you might imagine from looking at the end user interface. It is a learning process to figure out what they do provide and how best to link to them.
- VIAF is a key hub for us – our main link is to VIAF through those ‘same as’ links.
- Wikipedia (DBPedia) is probably the most popular linked data hub and we’ve drawn data from here – the image in particular.
- The RDF view is the view that shows the properties and values that the data provides.
- New datasets are being added to the linked data space all the time, and this means the opportunities grow.
- National Museum of Australia in Canberra. Can build your own wall with search perameters. Tim Sherratt.
- ‘Every story has a beginning’