SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 39
Download to read offline
Theories of the Neo-Weberian
Model in Europe
By Prof. Dr. Maria Bordas
National University of Public Service
Faculty of Public Governance and International Studies
Doctoral School of Public Administration
Public Administration Theories and Public Administration
Sciences
2020.
Definition of Efficiency
Generally: reaches the proposed goal with the
least effort
- Enterprises: based on market evaluation - if
loosing - go bankruptcy
- Economy: if its capability of performance on
the top (can be quantified)
- State: complex connections – difficult to
measure
Definititon of the State
How to circumscribe?
State:
- Public authorities: legislation, public
administration, jurisdiction
- Controlling authorities: constitutional court, state
audit office, ombudsman
- Civil organizations implementing public tasks
Each has other characeristics how to operate
efficiently
Definition of Public Administration
Difficulties:
- Complex tasks: forming economic policies,
legislation by decrees, application of laws,
provision of public services, management of state
property and use of public money
- Public sector: public authorities (government,
ministries, central bank, office of competition,
financial market supervisory authority) AND civil
organizations (enterprises, institutions and
nonprofit organizations) impelementing public
tasks)
Definition of State Efficiency in the
Neoliberal Ideology
Principle: „The least expenditure – the best
result”
 Cheaper and smaller state:
- Lower cost: cannot be the standard, e.g. more
or ended state-tasks, giving public services to
business firms, reduction of staff, less welfare
services, less state subsidy, etc.
Circumscribe of public administration:
problematic because of the private organization
Evaluation of State Efficiency
 Neoliberal principles: if market mechanisms
are more efficient than the state in economic
or welfare activities
 If no traditions: cannot be applied (e.g. in
Scandinavian states)
 State intervention: not necessarily inefficient,
e.g. state-owned enterprises, provision of
welfare and health care services, support of
basic scientific research, fiscal policy
Forms of State Withdrawal - The New
Public Management 1.
 Privatization:
- The state stops providing public services –
encouragement of market-based serives –
market competition (to charge the costs to the
customers)
- Inviting tenders: if market competition cannot
be created – selection of the best offer (lowest
price and best quality) – contract (business
risk on the business firm)
Forms of State Withdrawal - The New
Public Management 2.
 Deregulation programs: reducing legal
regulations on business firms – bureaucratic
and unnecessarily complicated laws –
administrative burdens
 Liberalization programs: dissolving entry
limitation to the market – creating market
competition - elimination of the regulatory
bodies
Forms of State Withdrawal - The New
Public Management 3.
• Contracting out:
- Application of the business principles in the
public administration (competition, profit-
oriented character, civil law contracts)
- Not limited: every pubic task, if possible, e.g.
running prisons, tax collection, law
enforcement, preparing laws, etc. vs. cleaning,
security services, informatics, etc.
Forms of State Withdrawal - The New
Public Management 4.
 PPP (Public Private Partnership):
- Mutual advantages of cooperation: financial
resources for the state – new market for the
business firm
- Performance in the PPP contract: State
investment is implemented by the business firm –
business risk
- Consideration in the PPP contract: Operating the
building and the public utility, if a fee can be
collected, or rent it out to the state
Forms of State Withdrawal - The New
Public Management 5.
Conclusions:
 Contracts:
- Important: stipulation of the conditions (lower
costs and better quality), can be assured by
laws – against the agressive business intents
- Corruption: depends on the level of the
culture of public administration – otherwise it
is used for the personal advantages, e. g.
public money to private pockets
Forms of State Withdrawal - The New
Public Management 6.
 Business principles:
- If it is supported by certain economic and
social groups – becomes public policy to be
implemented
- Based on the business and management
culture – difficult to apply in the law-
centralized and law-binded Weberian model
Management Technics - The New
Public Management 1.
Means to increase efficiency:
- Organizational management: e.g. racionalization
of the decision-making process, planning, feed
back, performance-oriented budget, etc.
- Human resources management: competition,
public leadership based on democatic values and
cooperation, good environment for work
- Quality-oriented technics: quality of services,
satisfaction of the clients and customers, less
queue, quick and flexible case-management, etc.
Public Policy Making - The New Public
Management 2.
- Program making: government activity to achieve public aim
- Selection public aim: analyses of social-economic environment
– public opinion poll, lobbying activities
- Analyse: rationality of the political, social and economic goals
- Elaborating alternatives: possibilities and limitations
- Using results of more branches of sciences (political sciences,
laws, economics, sociology, statistics)
- Implementation: cost-effectiveness calculation, impact
assesment
- Evaluation: comparing results with the goals
The New Public Management in the
Weberian Model 1.
 1970-s: the fiscal (Keynes) policy hinders economic
grows (high taxes, welfare expenditures, state
investments, state-ownership)
 Result: receptive environment to the neoliberalism
- Great Britain: widely applied – Thacher government
- Scandinavian countries: only management technics –
deep welfare tradition
- Continental Europe: liberalization of infrastructure
services – privatization of health care services –
management technics – human resources
management
The New Public Management in the
Weberian Model 2.
Dilemma: if it is applied in a different public
administration culture
- Defining public policy: centralized and legally binded
public administration – the right of the central and
local government
- Politically determined public administration: cannot
put under business principles – it does not serve public
interest
- Legal regulations: traditional - the efficiency cannot be
forces by legal means
- Solidarity: welfare services cannot be privatized –
general availability is more important than efficiency
The New Public Management in the
Weberian Model 3.
State ownership:
- Supported by the constitutional regulations:
cannot be privatized unlimitedly
- Means of economic governance: not
necessarily inefficient, only in the lack of the
competition
- State property of strategic importance: natural
resources, land, public utilities, roads, rivers,
lakes, etc.
The New Public Management in the
Weberian Model 4.
Tasks of public authorities:
- Traditionally public tasks
- Duality of public and private law
- Cannot privatized without any limitation
E.g. PPP investments, quality legislation, law
enforcement of the courts, public notars,
preparing acts for the legislation
The New Public Management in the
Weberian Model 5.
Applicability:
- Infrastructural public sector: liberalization policy
of the EU – market competition – elimination of
state monopolies
- PPP: widely used – recommended contracts –
supervision of the state audit office from the
beginning
- Management technics: human resources
management, eGovernment, quality legislation,
public policy making, administrative burdens
(deregulation)
The New Public Management in the
Weberian Model 6.
Counter-arguments:
- No evidence to the more efficient state –
cannot be measured
- American neoliberalism: only rearrangement
of economic positions and distribution
relations
- Foreign body: business principles and
management issues in the weberian modell
Constitutionalism and Efficiency in
the European Public Administration
Constitutionalism: regulation of the principles in
the constitutions that can be forced by
constitutional supervision against the state
- Earlier: action of public administration against the
individuals and enterprises was hindered (state
under the rule of law, division of power, citizens’
rights, economic constitutional rights)
- Efficiency: how can make the state responsible to
use its financial resources efficiently –
constitutional regulation?
Constitutional Principles and Rights
How to force them:
- Parliament is obligated to pass acts based on
them (state organization, economic rights,
political and liberty rights)
- State is obligated to maintain institution system:
welfare services, health care, unemployment
aids, pension (active role)
Interpretation: the constitutional court will detail
their meaning during the constitutional
interpretation
Limitation: in necessary and porportional measure
Efficiency and Constitutionalism
New needs: requirements for the economic and social policy of
the government, e.g. economic crisis, collapse of financial
market, inflation, unemployment, restrcitions
Expectations:
- Economic safety
- Welfare of individuals
Difficulties:
- Not in legal norms: e.g. monetary policy, privatization, state
subsidies, developments
- Business issues: economic rationality
- Economic views: how to adopt adequately to the economic
processes
Principles of Efficiency in the
Constitution
 General principles: economic growth,
competitveness, economic planning, stability,
increasing living standard
 Monetary policy: price stability, adequate
financial supervision – scope of the central bank
 Fiscal policy: balance of the incomes and
expenditure (loss of the state budget and state
debt) completness, transparency, financeable,
effectiveness – legal guarantees (act on the state
budget)
Constitutional Interpretation and
Efficiency
Economic rationality and efficiency cannot be examined by
the constitutional supervision:
- Cannot withdraw the scope of the government to
determine economic policy
- Not a legal issue
How to solve the problem?
- Legal regulation: e.g. privatization process, public
procurement
- Quantification: inflation, loss of the state budget, state
debt, unemployment
- Legal guarantees: procedural rules, controlling authorities,
quality requirements for the legislation
Activities of Public Administration
and Efficiency Requirements 1.
 Administrative legislation by decrees:
- Quickly changing and unpredictable
- Bureaucratic, over-proliferating, non-transparent
- Increasing administrative burdens
Solutions:
- Deregulation: professional legal requirements for the
legislation – not vague nor contradictory, no
overlapping
- Quality legislation: more efficient legal regulation –
transparency - impact assesment – debates -
cooperation
Activities of Public Administration
and Efficiency Requirements 2.
 Administrative law enforcement:
- State under the rule of law, legally binded operation
(traditional principles)
- Adequate legal norms: unambiguous and clear
- Punctuality: licence, supervision, records, legal dispute
- General legal norms: e.g. competition law, financial
supervision – economic content
- Bueaucratic issues: long, complicated procedures,
registration, report, supervision – electronic case
management
Activities of Public Administration
and Efficiency Requirements 3.
 Providing public services:
- Traditional: infrastructural and welfare
- Public interest activities: basic research, health
prevention programs, cultural institutions
(museums, archives)
- Servicing character of public authorities: from
law-enforcement to client-oriented, flexible,
electronized public administration
- State responsibility: how to keep it?
- Business sphere: right to enter
Activities of Public Administration
and Efficiency Requirements 4.
 Providing public services:
- Contracts: public or private law character,
public law stipulations, maintenance of state
responsibility, right to regulate (quality,
availability accessibility, continuous provision)
concession or contracted out
- Duality of market mechanisms and legal
regulations: depends on the character of the
service
Activities of Public Administration
and Efficiency Requirements 5.
 Infrastructural services: liberalization
 Welfare services:
- Redistribution – solidarity – public money
Efficiency:
- Those should get who are in need (universal right
or discretion-based)
- Motivating for work: minimal wage – public work
- Price of the services: no lower than the market
price (waster) – wouchers (creating competition,
can be used only for the aimed consumption)
Activities of Public Administration
and Efficiency Requirements 6.
 Heath care services:
- Health care provider: similar to business
activity, but based on welfare principles
- Efficiency requirements: development of
medical technology – more expensive health
care – limited financial resources
- Extreme solutions: universal, state-owned,
centralized system vs. business principles-
based
Efficiency of the
Health Care Systems 1.
United States:
- Profit motivation – efficiency – innovation –
competitive environment
- Business insurance companies: compete for the
patients – insurance packages – limit the health care
providers – profit-oriented
- Business health care providers: interested in the
extension of health care services – compete for the
patients and financial resources
- Patients: can make business-based insurance
- Solidarity: Medicare (for the elderly) and Medicaid (for
the poor) and in the case of emergency
Efficiency of the
Health Care Systems 2.
 Reform of the Obama government:
- Employers are obligated to make health
insurance for the employees (earlier it was just a
custom at the larger companies)
- Insurance companies cannot terminate health
insurance with the patients of high risk
(permanently sick or needs expensive operation)
- Regulation of the prices of health care services
(earlier only the Medicare and Medicaid) –
decrease of health expenditure on global level
(earlier it was determined by the supply)
Efficiency of the
Health Care Systems 3.
European health care systems:
 Solidarity: state budget-based or social insurance-based
systems
 Limited financial resources: only from the taxes and fees –
cannot be increased by laws – political limitations
 Efficiency: privatization
 Regulated market competition:
- Health care providers for the financial resources
- Health insurance companies and health care providers for the
patients
- Social insurance system and regulated prices are remained
Management of State Property and
the Efficiency
Dilemma: state property or private property is
more efficient?
- Depends on the administrative culture (USA vs.
Scandinavian countries)
- Issue of economic governance: liberal (USA) or
bureaucratic (communist states)
Western Europe:
- Nationalization – after the 2nd World War
- Privatization – during the 1980-s
- Liberalization: during the 1990-s
Use of Public Money and Efficiency
 Beginning of the 19th century: operation
according to laws – to assure the rules of the act
on the state budget and supervision by the state
audit office
 During the 1980-s: means of efficiency –
transparency – openess – accountability –
supervision based on economic rationality –
guarantees for equal oportunisites (pubic
procurement, inviting tenders, procedural rules)
Impact of the New Public
Management on the Weberian Model
- Endless debates: if the American or the
European public administration is more efficient
- Instead: new requirements, e.g. importance of
controlling authorities, transparency, openess,
accountability, responsibility, predictibility,
servicing authorities, balancing political and
professional views
- Fact: some elements of the NPM could be
succesfully infiltrated in the Weberian model
- Result: evolvement of the „NEO-WEBERIAN
MODEL”
Dilemmas
1980s:
 United States:
Neo-liberal economic philosophy - New Public
Management
 Europe:
Neo-Weberian model (influenced by neoliberalism)
 After the global economic crisis in 2008:
World economic crises: rejection of neoliberalism –
expectation to the strong state – globalism and national
state
Strong centralized state – is it autocracy? Illiberal state?
ANY QUESTION ?

More Related Content

Similar to Neo weberian model (2) ds - 2020 (1)

Si 3rd lecture 2020 (1)
Si   3rd lecture 2020 (1)Si   3rd lecture 2020 (1)
Si 3rd lecture 2020 (1)Janos Tomolya
 
Si 1st lecture 2020 (1)
Si   1st lecture 2020 (1)Si   1st lecture 2020 (1)
Si 1st lecture 2020 (1)Janos Tomolya
 
Si 4th lecture - 2020 (1)
Si   4th lecture - 2020 (1)Si   4th lecture - 2020 (1)
Si 4th lecture - 2020 (1)Janos Tomolya
 
Si 4th lecture - 2020 (b)
Si   4th lecture - 2020 (b)Si   4th lecture - 2020 (b)
Si 4th lecture - 2020 (b)Janos Tomolya
 
Decentralisation in NL in a glimpse
Decentralisation in NL in a glimpseDecentralisation in NL in a glimpse
Decentralisation in NL in a glimpseddcentr
 
1_Public_Finanace_Lectures_Part_1_ppt.ppt
1_Public_Finanace_Lectures_Part_1_ppt.ppt1_Public_Finanace_Lectures_Part_1_ppt.ppt
1_Public_Finanace_Lectures_Part_1_ppt.pptHenokFikadu4
 
Bridging the gap gr for social entrepreneurs
Bridging the gap gr for social entrepreneursBridging the gap gr for social entrepreneurs
Bridging the gap gr for social entrepreneursCraig Carter-Edwards
 
Building Finance And Operate For Procuring A Major Public...
Building Finance And Operate For Procuring A Major Public...Building Finance And Operate For Procuring A Major Public...
Building Finance And Operate For Procuring A Major Public...Deana Villanueva
 
Public finance introduction
Public finance introductionPublic finance introduction
Public finance introductionDr. Subir Maitra
 
Public Finance Introduction (HCC/ECON/SM/VB/2016-17/LECTURE:1)
Public Finance Introduction (HCC/ECON/SM/VB/2016-17/LECTURE:1)Public Finance Introduction (HCC/ECON/SM/VB/2016-17/LECTURE:1)
Public Finance Introduction (HCC/ECON/SM/VB/2016-17/LECTURE:1)Dr. Subir Maitra
 
DPSPR Assessment Report_04_2014
DPSPR Assessment Report_04_2014DPSPR Assessment Report_04_2014
DPSPR Assessment Report_04_2014Myesere Hoxha
 
Governance in public administration and public policy
Governance in public administration and public policyGovernance in public administration and public policy
Governance in public administration and public policyAbubakar S. Mama
 
Good governance(roma 2)
Good governance(roma 2)Good governance(roma 2)
Good governance(roma 2)Kamrul Islam
 
Overview of the healthcare social welfare and regional government reform pack...
Overview of the healthcare social welfare and regional government reform pack...Overview of the healthcare social welfare and regional government reform pack...
Overview of the healthcare social welfare and regional government reform pack...Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö / yleiset
 

Similar to Neo weberian model (2) ds - 2020 (1) (20)

Si 3rd lecture 2020 (1)
Si   3rd lecture 2020 (1)Si   3rd lecture 2020 (1)
Si 3rd lecture 2020 (1)
 
Si 1st lecture 2020 (1)
Si   1st lecture 2020 (1)Si   1st lecture 2020 (1)
Si 1st lecture 2020 (1)
 
New_Public_Management.ppt
New_Public_Management.pptNew_Public_Management.ppt
New_Public_Management.ppt
 
Tools for Addressing Competitive Neutrality – Spain – June 2019 OECD present...
Tools for Addressing Competitive Neutrality – Spain –  June 2019 OECD present...Tools for Addressing Competitive Neutrality – Spain –  June 2019 OECD present...
Tools for Addressing Competitive Neutrality – Spain – June 2019 OECD present...
 
Si 4th lecture - 2020 (1)
Si   4th lecture - 2020 (1)Si   4th lecture - 2020 (1)
Si 4th lecture - 2020 (1)
 
Si 4th lecture - 2020 (b)
Si   4th lecture - 2020 (b)Si   4th lecture - 2020 (b)
Si 4th lecture - 2020 (b)
 
Canedo v-trento-antitrust-conference-2015
Canedo v-trento-antitrust-conference-2015Canedo v-trento-antitrust-conference-2015
Canedo v-trento-antitrust-conference-2015
 
Decentralisation in NL in a glimpse
Decentralisation in NL in a glimpseDecentralisation in NL in a glimpse
Decentralisation in NL in a glimpse
 
1_Public_Finanace_Lectures_Part_1_ppt.ppt
1_Public_Finanace_Lectures_Part_1_ppt.ppt1_Public_Finanace_Lectures_Part_1_ppt.ppt
1_Public_Finanace_Lectures_Part_1_ppt.ppt
 
Bridging the gap gr for social entrepreneurs
Bridging the gap gr for social entrepreneursBridging the gap gr for social entrepreneurs
Bridging the gap gr for social entrepreneurs
 
Background paper by Dr. Christoph Demmke, OECD Senior Academic Adviser
Background paper by Dr. Christoph Demmke, OECD Senior Academic AdviserBackground paper by Dr. Christoph Demmke, OECD Senior Academic Adviser
Background paper by Dr. Christoph Demmke, OECD Senior Academic Adviser
 
Fundamentals on Spanish Administrative Law
Fundamentals on Spanish Administrative LawFundamentals on Spanish Administrative Law
Fundamentals on Spanish Administrative Law
 
Building Finance And Operate For Procuring A Major Public...
Building Finance And Operate For Procuring A Major Public...Building Finance And Operate For Procuring A Major Public...
Building Finance And Operate For Procuring A Major Public...
 
Public finance introduction
Public finance introductionPublic finance introduction
Public finance introduction
 
Public Finance Introduction (HCC/ECON/SM/VB/2016-17/LECTURE:1)
Public Finance Introduction (HCC/ECON/SM/VB/2016-17/LECTURE:1)Public Finance Introduction (HCC/ECON/SM/VB/2016-17/LECTURE:1)
Public Finance Introduction (HCC/ECON/SM/VB/2016-17/LECTURE:1)
 
Chap004.ppt
Chap004.pptChap004.ppt
Chap004.ppt
 
DPSPR Assessment Report_04_2014
DPSPR Assessment Report_04_2014DPSPR Assessment Report_04_2014
DPSPR Assessment Report_04_2014
 
Governance in public administration and public policy
Governance in public administration and public policyGovernance in public administration and public policy
Governance in public administration and public policy
 
Good governance(roma 2)
Good governance(roma 2)Good governance(roma 2)
Good governance(roma 2)
 
Overview of the healthcare social welfare and regional government reform pack...
Overview of the healthcare social welfare and regional government reform pack...Overview of the healthcare social welfare and regional government reform pack...
Overview of the healthcare social welfare and regional government reform pack...
 

More from Janos Tomolya

al Qaeda and its affiliates 2020.
al Qaeda and its affiliates 2020.al Qaeda and its affiliates 2020.
al Qaeda and its affiliates 2020.Janos Tomolya
 
State and religion (2) 2020 (1)
State and religion (2)   2020 (1)State and religion (2)   2020 (1)
State and religion (2) 2020 (1)Janos Tomolya
 
State and religion (1) 2020 (1)
State and religion (1)   2020 (1)State and religion (1)   2020 (1)
State and religion (1) 2020 (1)Janos Tomolya
 
Islamic fundamentalism and radical islam 2020 (1)
Islamic fundamentalism and radical islam 2020 (1)Islamic fundamentalism and radical islam 2020 (1)
Islamic fundamentalism and radical islam 2020 (1)Janos Tomolya
 
Crisis of modernization in the islamic word 2020 (1)
Crisis of modernization in the islamic word   2020 (1)Crisis of modernization in the islamic word   2020 (1)
Crisis of modernization in the islamic word 2020 (1)Janos Tomolya
 
Basic facts of islam
Basic facts of islamBasic facts of islam
Basic facts of islamJanos Tomolya
 
Islam and history of development Islamic states
Islam and history of development Islamic statesIslam and history of development Islamic states
Islam and history of development Islamic statesJanos Tomolya
 
Crisis in the Middle East Hezbollah
Crisis in the Middle East HezbollahCrisis in the Middle East Hezbollah
Crisis in the Middle East HezbollahJanos Tomolya
 
Crisis in the middle east hamas 2017
Crisis in the middle east hamas 2017Crisis in the middle east hamas 2017
Crisis in the middle east hamas 2017Janos Tomolya
 
newsymptomsandsystdat
newsymptomsandsystdatnewsymptomsandsystdat
newsymptomsandsystdatJanos Tomolya
 
Epoch, definitions of terrorism
Epoch, definitions of terrorismEpoch, definitions of terrorism
Epoch, definitions of terrorismJanos Tomolya
 

More from Janos Tomolya (17)

Isis 2020
Isis   2020Isis   2020
Isis 2020
 
al Qaeda and its affiliates 2020.
al Qaeda and its affiliates 2020.al Qaeda and its affiliates 2020.
al Qaeda and its affiliates 2020.
 
State and religion (2) 2020 (1)
State and religion (2)   2020 (1)State and religion (2)   2020 (1)
State and religion (2) 2020 (1)
 
State and religion (1) 2020 (1)
State and religion (1)   2020 (1)State and religion (1)   2020 (1)
State and religion (1) 2020 (1)
 
Islamic fundamentalism and radical islam 2020 (1)
Islamic fundamentalism and radical islam 2020 (1)Islamic fundamentalism and radical islam 2020 (1)
Islamic fundamentalism and radical islam 2020 (1)
 
Crisis of modernization in the islamic word 2020 (1)
Crisis of modernization in the islamic word   2020 (1)Crisis of modernization in the islamic word   2020 (1)
Crisis of modernization in the islamic word 2020 (1)
 
Basic facts of islam
Basic facts of islamBasic facts of islam
Basic facts of islam
 
Islam and history of development Islamic states
Islam and history of development Islamic statesIslam and history of development Islamic states
Islam and history of development Islamic states
 
Crisis in the Middle East Hezbollah
Crisis in the Middle East HezbollahCrisis in the Middle East Hezbollah
Crisis in the Middle East Hezbollah
 
Col Tomolya ISIS
Col Tomolya ISISCol Tomolya ISIS
Col Tomolya ISIS
 
Crisis in the middle east hamas 2017
Crisis in the middle east hamas 2017Crisis in the middle east hamas 2017
Crisis in the middle east hamas 2017
 
4 g wfinal (2)
4 g wfinal (2)4 g wfinal (2)
4 g wfinal (2)
 
4GW
4GW4GW
4GW
 
9_11
9_119_11
9_11
 
Islamppt
IslampptIslamppt
Islamppt
 
newsymptomsandsystdat
newsymptomsandsystdatnewsymptomsandsystdat
newsymptomsandsystdat
 
Epoch, definitions of terrorism
Epoch, definitions of terrorismEpoch, definitions of terrorism
Epoch, definitions of terrorism
 

Recently uploaded

Contracts with Interdependent Preferences (2)
Contracts with Interdependent Preferences (2)Contracts with Interdependent Preferences (2)
Contracts with Interdependent Preferences (2)GRAPE
 
Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms...
Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms...Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms...
Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms...Sérgio Sacani
 
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening TestSubstances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening TestAkashDTejwani
 
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENTMARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENTjipexe1248
 
CW marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docx
CW  marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docxCW  marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docx
CW marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docxmarwaahmad357
 
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docxApplied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docxmarwaahmad357
 
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and EngineersPhysics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and EngineersAndreaLucarelli
 
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPirithiRaju
 
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data science
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data scienceKeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data science
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data scienceLayne Sadler
 
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlabWorld Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlabkiyorndlab
 
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptxQ3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptxArdeniel
 
MARSILEA notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
MARSILEA  notes in detail for II year Botany.pptMARSILEA  notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
MARSILEA notes in detail for II year Botany.pptaigil2
 
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdf
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdfGene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdf
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdfNetHelix
 
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabusAlternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabusPradnya Wadekar
 
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.ShwetaHattimare
 
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्रKrishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्रKrashi Coaching
 
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdf
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdfSUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdf
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdfsantiagojoderickdoma
 
Main Exam Applied biochemistry final year
Main Exam Applied biochemistry final yearMain Exam Applied biochemistry final year
Main Exam Applied biochemistry final yearmarwaahmad357
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Contracts with Interdependent Preferences (2)
Contracts with Interdependent Preferences (2)Contracts with Interdependent Preferences (2)
Contracts with Interdependent Preferences (2)
 
Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analyt...
Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analyt...Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analyt...
Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analyt...
 
Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms...
Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms...Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms...
Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms...
 
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening TestSubstances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
 
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENTMARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
 
CW marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docx
CW  marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docxCW  marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docx
CW marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docx
 
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docxApplied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
 
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and EngineersPhysics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
 
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of ragi_Identification, Binomics_Dr.UPR
 
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data science
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data scienceKeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data science
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data science
 
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlabWorld Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
 
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptxQ3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
 
MARSILEA notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
MARSILEA  notes in detail for II year Botany.pptMARSILEA  notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
MARSILEA notes in detail for II year Botany.ppt
 
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdf
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdfGene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdf
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdf
 
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabusAlternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
 
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
 
Cheminformatics tools and chemistry data underpinning mass spectrometry analy...
Cheminformatics tools and chemistry data underpinning mass spectrometry analy...Cheminformatics tools and chemistry data underpinning mass spectrometry analy...
Cheminformatics tools and chemistry data underpinning mass spectrometry analy...
 
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्रKrishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र
 
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdf
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdfSUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdf
SUKDANAN DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE ANSWER KEYY.pdf
 
Main Exam Applied biochemistry final year
Main Exam Applied biochemistry final yearMain Exam Applied biochemistry final year
Main Exam Applied biochemistry final year
 

Neo weberian model (2) ds - 2020 (1)

  • 1. Theories of the Neo-Weberian Model in Europe By Prof. Dr. Maria Bordas National University of Public Service Faculty of Public Governance and International Studies Doctoral School of Public Administration Public Administration Theories and Public Administration Sciences 2020.
  • 2. Definition of Efficiency Generally: reaches the proposed goal with the least effort - Enterprises: based on market evaluation - if loosing - go bankruptcy - Economy: if its capability of performance on the top (can be quantified) - State: complex connections – difficult to measure
  • 3. Definititon of the State How to circumscribe? State: - Public authorities: legislation, public administration, jurisdiction - Controlling authorities: constitutional court, state audit office, ombudsman - Civil organizations implementing public tasks Each has other characeristics how to operate efficiently
  • 4. Definition of Public Administration Difficulties: - Complex tasks: forming economic policies, legislation by decrees, application of laws, provision of public services, management of state property and use of public money - Public sector: public authorities (government, ministries, central bank, office of competition, financial market supervisory authority) AND civil organizations (enterprises, institutions and nonprofit organizations) impelementing public tasks)
  • 5. Definition of State Efficiency in the Neoliberal Ideology Principle: „The least expenditure – the best result”  Cheaper and smaller state: - Lower cost: cannot be the standard, e.g. more or ended state-tasks, giving public services to business firms, reduction of staff, less welfare services, less state subsidy, etc. Circumscribe of public administration: problematic because of the private organization
  • 6. Evaluation of State Efficiency  Neoliberal principles: if market mechanisms are more efficient than the state in economic or welfare activities  If no traditions: cannot be applied (e.g. in Scandinavian states)  State intervention: not necessarily inefficient, e.g. state-owned enterprises, provision of welfare and health care services, support of basic scientific research, fiscal policy
  • 7. Forms of State Withdrawal - The New Public Management 1.  Privatization: - The state stops providing public services – encouragement of market-based serives – market competition (to charge the costs to the customers) - Inviting tenders: if market competition cannot be created – selection of the best offer (lowest price and best quality) – contract (business risk on the business firm)
  • 8. Forms of State Withdrawal - The New Public Management 2.  Deregulation programs: reducing legal regulations on business firms – bureaucratic and unnecessarily complicated laws – administrative burdens  Liberalization programs: dissolving entry limitation to the market – creating market competition - elimination of the regulatory bodies
  • 9. Forms of State Withdrawal - The New Public Management 3. • Contracting out: - Application of the business principles in the public administration (competition, profit- oriented character, civil law contracts) - Not limited: every pubic task, if possible, e.g. running prisons, tax collection, law enforcement, preparing laws, etc. vs. cleaning, security services, informatics, etc.
  • 10. Forms of State Withdrawal - The New Public Management 4.  PPP (Public Private Partnership): - Mutual advantages of cooperation: financial resources for the state – new market for the business firm - Performance in the PPP contract: State investment is implemented by the business firm – business risk - Consideration in the PPP contract: Operating the building and the public utility, if a fee can be collected, or rent it out to the state
  • 11. Forms of State Withdrawal - The New Public Management 5. Conclusions:  Contracts: - Important: stipulation of the conditions (lower costs and better quality), can be assured by laws – against the agressive business intents - Corruption: depends on the level of the culture of public administration – otherwise it is used for the personal advantages, e. g. public money to private pockets
  • 12. Forms of State Withdrawal - The New Public Management 6.  Business principles: - If it is supported by certain economic and social groups – becomes public policy to be implemented - Based on the business and management culture – difficult to apply in the law- centralized and law-binded Weberian model
  • 13. Management Technics - The New Public Management 1. Means to increase efficiency: - Organizational management: e.g. racionalization of the decision-making process, planning, feed back, performance-oriented budget, etc. - Human resources management: competition, public leadership based on democatic values and cooperation, good environment for work - Quality-oriented technics: quality of services, satisfaction of the clients and customers, less queue, quick and flexible case-management, etc.
  • 14. Public Policy Making - The New Public Management 2. - Program making: government activity to achieve public aim - Selection public aim: analyses of social-economic environment – public opinion poll, lobbying activities - Analyse: rationality of the political, social and economic goals - Elaborating alternatives: possibilities and limitations - Using results of more branches of sciences (political sciences, laws, economics, sociology, statistics) - Implementation: cost-effectiveness calculation, impact assesment - Evaluation: comparing results with the goals
  • 15. The New Public Management in the Weberian Model 1.  1970-s: the fiscal (Keynes) policy hinders economic grows (high taxes, welfare expenditures, state investments, state-ownership)  Result: receptive environment to the neoliberalism - Great Britain: widely applied – Thacher government - Scandinavian countries: only management technics – deep welfare tradition - Continental Europe: liberalization of infrastructure services – privatization of health care services – management technics – human resources management
  • 16. The New Public Management in the Weberian Model 2. Dilemma: if it is applied in a different public administration culture - Defining public policy: centralized and legally binded public administration – the right of the central and local government - Politically determined public administration: cannot put under business principles – it does not serve public interest - Legal regulations: traditional - the efficiency cannot be forces by legal means - Solidarity: welfare services cannot be privatized – general availability is more important than efficiency
  • 17. The New Public Management in the Weberian Model 3. State ownership: - Supported by the constitutional regulations: cannot be privatized unlimitedly - Means of economic governance: not necessarily inefficient, only in the lack of the competition - State property of strategic importance: natural resources, land, public utilities, roads, rivers, lakes, etc.
  • 18. The New Public Management in the Weberian Model 4. Tasks of public authorities: - Traditionally public tasks - Duality of public and private law - Cannot privatized without any limitation E.g. PPP investments, quality legislation, law enforcement of the courts, public notars, preparing acts for the legislation
  • 19. The New Public Management in the Weberian Model 5. Applicability: - Infrastructural public sector: liberalization policy of the EU – market competition – elimination of state monopolies - PPP: widely used – recommended contracts – supervision of the state audit office from the beginning - Management technics: human resources management, eGovernment, quality legislation, public policy making, administrative burdens (deregulation)
  • 20. The New Public Management in the Weberian Model 6. Counter-arguments: - No evidence to the more efficient state – cannot be measured - American neoliberalism: only rearrangement of economic positions and distribution relations - Foreign body: business principles and management issues in the weberian modell
  • 21. Constitutionalism and Efficiency in the European Public Administration Constitutionalism: regulation of the principles in the constitutions that can be forced by constitutional supervision against the state - Earlier: action of public administration against the individuals and enterprises was hindered (state under the rule of law, division of power, citizens’ rights, economic constitutional rights) - Efficiency: how can make the state responsible to use its financial resources efficiently – constitutional regulation?
  • 22. Constitutional Principles and Rights How to force them: - Parliament is obligated to pass acts based on them (state organization, economic rights, political and liberty rights) - State is obligated to maintain institution system: welfare services, health care, unemployment aids, pension (active role) Interpretation: the constitutional court will detail their meaning during the constitutional interpretation Limitation: in necessary and porportional measure
  • 23. Efficiency and Constitutionalism New needs: requirements for the economic and social policy of the government, e.g. economic crisis, collapse of financial market, inflation, unemployment, restrcitions Expectations: - Economic safety - Welfare of individuals Difficulties: - Not in legal norms: e.g. monetary policy, privatization, state subsidies, developments - Business issues: economic rationality - Economic views: how to adopt adequately to the economic processes
  • 24. Principles of Efficiency in the Constitution  General principles: economic growth, competitveness, economic planning, stability, increasing living standard  Monetary policy: price stability, adequate financial supervision – scope of the central bank  Fiscal policy: balance of the incomes and expenditure (loss of the state budget and state debt) completness, transparency, financeable, effectiveness – legal guarantees (act on the state budget)
  • 25. Constitutional Interpretation and Efficiency Economic rationality and efficiency cannot be examined by the constitutional supervision: - Cannot withdraw the scope of the government to determine economic policy - Not a legal issue How to solve the problem? - Legal regulation: e.g. privatization process, public procurement - Quantification: inflation, loss of the state budget, state debt, unemployment - Legal guarantees: procedural rules, controlling authorities, quality requirements for the legislation
  • 26. Activities of Public Administration and Efficiency Requirements 1.  Administrative legislation by decrees: - Quickly changing and unpredictable - Bureaucratic, over-proliferating, non-transparent - Increasing administrative burdens Solutions: - Deregulation: professional legal requirements for the legislation – not vague nor contradictory, no overlapping - Quality legislation: more efficient legal regulation – transparency - impact assesment – debates - cooperation
  • 27. Activities of Public Administration and Efficiency Requirements 2.  Administrative law enforcement: - State under the rule of law, legally binded operation (traditional principles) - Adequate legal norms: unambiguous and clear - Punctuality: licence, supervision, records, legal dispute - General legal norms: e.g. competition law, financial supervision – economic content - Bueaucratic issues: long, complicated procedures, registration, report, supervision – electronic case management
  • 28. Activities of Public Administration and Efficiency Requirements 3.  Providing public services: - Traditional: infrastructural and welfare - Public interest activities: basic research, health prevention programs, cultural institutions (museums, archives) - Servicing character of public authorities: from law-enforcement to client-oriented, flexible, electronized public administration - State responsibility: how to keep it? - Business sphere: right to enter
  • 29. Activities of Public Administration and Efficiency Requirements 4.  Providing public services: - Contracts: public or private law character, public law stipulations, maintenance of state responsibility, right to regulate (quality, availability accessibility, continuous provision) concession or contracted out - Duality of market mechanisms and legal regulations: depends on the character of the service
  • 30. Activities of Public Administration and Efficiency Requirements 5.  Infrastructural services: liberalization  Welfare services: - Redistribution – solidarity – public money Efficiency: - Those should get who are in need (universal right or discretion-based) - Motivating for work: minimal wage – public work - Price of the services: no lower than the market price (waster) – wouchers (creating competition, can be used only for the aimed consumption)
  • 31. Activities of Public Administration and Efficiency Requirements 6.  Heath care services: - Health care provider: similar to business activity, but based on welfare principles - Efficiency requirements: development of medical technology – more expensive health care – limited financial resources - Extreme solutions: universal, state-owned, centralized system vs. business principles- based
  • 32. Efficiency of the Health Care Systems 1. United States: - Profit motivation – efficiency – innovation – competitive environment - Business insurance companies: compete for the patients – insurance packages – limit the health care providers – profit-oriented - Business health care providers: interested in the extension of health care services – compete for the patients and financial resources - Patients: can make business-based insurance - Solidarity: Medicare (for the elderly) and Medicaid (for the poor) and in the case of emergency
  • 33. Efficiency of the Health Care Systems 2.  Reform of the Obama government: - Employers are obligated to make health insurance for the employees (earlier it was just a custom at the larger companies) - Insurance companies cannot terminate health insurance with the patients of high risk (permanently sick or needs expensive operation) - Regulation of the prices of health care services (earlier only the Medicare and Medicaid) – decrease of health expenditure on global level (earlier it was determined by the supply)
  • 34. Efficiency of the Health Care Systems 3. European health care systems:  Solidarity: state budget-based or social insurance-based systems  Limited financial resources: only from the taxes and fees – cannot be increased by laws – political limitations  Efficiency: privatization  Regulated market competition: - Health care providers for the financial resources - Health insurance companies and health care providers for the patients - Social insurance system and regulated prices are remained
  • 35. Management of State Property and the Efficiency Dilemma: state property or private property is more efficient? - Depends on the administrative culture (USA vs. Scandinavian countries) - Issue of economic governance: liberal (USA) or bureaucratic (communist states) Western Europe: - Nationalization – after the 2nd World War - Privatization – during the 1980-s - Liberalization: during the 1990-s
  • 36. Use of Public Money and Efficiency  Beginning of the 19th century: operation according to laws – to assure the rules of the act on the state budget and supervision by the state audit office  During the 1980-s: means of efficiency – transparency – openess – accountability – supervision based on economic rationality – guarantees for equal oportunisites (pubic procurement, inviting tenders, procedural rules)
  • 37. Impact of the New Public Management on the Weberian Model - Endless debates: if the American or the European public administration is more efficient - Instead: new requirements, e.g. importance of controlling authorities, transparency, openess, accountability, responsibility, predictibility, servicing authorities, balancing political and professional views - Fact: some elements of the NPM could be succesfully infiltrated in the Weberian model - Result: evolvement of the „NEO-WEBERIAN MODEL”
  • 38. Dilemmas 1980s:  United States: Neo-liberal economic philosophy - New Public Management  Europe: Neo-Weberian model (influenced by neoliberalism)  After the global economic crisis in 2008: World economic crises: rejection of neoliberalism – expectation to the strong state – globalism and national state Strong centralized state – is it autocracy? Illiberal state?