This slide is made as a part of the final assignment of the course "Understanding the Brain: The Neurobiology of Everyday Life." The topic of this slide is amblyopia - a developmental disorder which impairs vision.

1. Amblyopia
Presented by
Jawshan Ara

2. How we see?
• We learn to see, like walking or talking
• Learning to see is a slow process
• At birth – vision is noisy, can not distinguish targets
• Object tracking starts around 3 month old
• Hand-eye-body coordination starts after 3 month old
• Depth perception appears after 5 month old
• Vision is well developed by two years old

3. What is Amblyopia?
• Disrupts the learning process of seeing
• A developmental problem of brain
• Impairs vision
• Not intrinsic problem of eye or brain

4. Types of amblyopia
• Strabismic amblyopia
• Causing due to misalignment of two eye
• Refractive amblyopia
• Causing due to the difference in focusing power of two eye
• Deprivation amblyopia
• Causing due to congenital cataract or corneal haziness

5. Strabismic amblyopia
• Two eye moves in two direction
• Brain cannot combine image
from two eye into one
• Double vision
• Brain starts to ignore image from
one eye
• Causes unilateral amblyopia

6. Refractive amblyopia
• Different focusing power in two
eye
• One eye gives clearer image than
other
• Brain starts to ignore the blurrier
image
• Causes unilateral amblyopia

7. Deprivation amblyopia
• Congenital cataract or corneal
haziness
• Occlude lights to reach the
retina
• No or distorted image formed on
retina
• No visual learning happens
• Both unilateral or bilateral
amblyopia can occure

8. Effect of amblyopia
• Unilateral amblyopia
• Poor or no depth perception
• Disrupted binocular vision
• Bilateral amblyopia
• Blindness

9. Treatment of amblyopia
• Treatment of eye deficit in early childhood
• Forcing to use the affected eye after treatment
• Perception training
• NO TREATMENT IS PROMISING once the developmental phase is over

10. Thank you