Ethernet evolution

2.  Ethernet is a family of computer
networking technologies for local area
networks (LANs).
 Introduced in 1980 and standardized in 1985 as IEEE
Standard Project 802.3.

3.  Ethernet provides services up to and including
the data link layer which is divided into 2 sublayers:
LLC & MAC.
 Logic Link Control: Provides interconnectivity
between different LANs.
 Media Access Control: Frames data received from
the upper layer & passes to the physical layer.
 Physical Layer: It defines transmission of raw bits
rather than data packets.

7.  10Base5: Max Length=500m, uses bus topology.
 10Base2: Max Length is roughly 185m. Very flexible.
Uses a bus topology too.
 10Base-T : Connected to a hub via 2 twisted cables.
Uses a star topology. Max Length=100m.
 10Base-F :Connected to a hub via 2 fiber optic
cables. Uses a star topology. Max Length=2000m.

8. Fast Ethernet
100 BASE-TX 100 BASE-FX 100 BASE-T4

10. The goals of the above are:
 Upgrade the data rate to 100Mbps.
 Make it compatible with Standard Ethernet.
 Keep the same 48-bit address.
 Keep the same frame format.
 Keep the same minimum & maximum frame lengths.

11.  100Base-TX uses 2 Twisted Pair
cables.
 Good Bandwidth.
 100Base-T4 uses 4 pairs of
Unshielded Twisted Pair cables.
This is cost efficient.

12.  100Base-FX uses 2 pairs of Fiber optic cables. Higher
Bandwidth.
 Uses 1300 nm near infrared wavelength
 Max length
◦ 412 m for half duplex.
◦ 2 kms for full duplex.

13. Gigabit Ethernet
Implementations
1000 BASE-
SX
1000 base-
LX
1000BASE-
CX
1000 BASE-T

14. The goals of the above are:
 Upgrade the data rate to 1Gbps.
 Make it compatible with Standard or Fast Ethernet.
 Use the same 48-bit address.
 Use the same frame format.
 Keep the minimum & maximum frame lengths.

17.  Upgrade the data rate to 10Gbps.
 Make it compatible with Standard, Fast & Gigabit
Ethernet.
 Use the same 48-bit address.
 Use the same frame format.
 Keep the same minimum & maximum frame lengths.

18.  Allow the interconnection of existing LANs into a
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) or a Wide Area
Network (WAN).
 Make Ethernet compatible with technologies like
Frame Relay & ATM.

20.  Classification:
◦ 1. Single mode fiber (SMF)
◦ 2. Multi mode Fiber (MMF)
 Single mode: Light follows a single path
 Multi mode: Light follows multiple path leading to
differential mode delay.