Filipino philosophy is characterized by non-individualism and being tied to social groups called "sakop". Sakop can refer to one's relatives, friends, or community/tribe and emphasizes fellowship. A core concept is "kapwa" which means shared identity and recognizing one's inner self is also shared with others. This leads to values like pakikisama which means getting along with others and maintaining harmony. The document discusses various Filipino concepts like loob (inner self), sarili (self), and kalooban (inner spirit) that emphasize a holistic view of the person as an interconnected social and spiritual being.

1. Joemar T. Magante
MATSS
Filipino Philosophy

2.  Non-individualistic
 Tied with groups called
“SAKOP”

3.  Sakop is the place where
he says “TAYO”
 Tayo-tayo is where
fellowship prevails.

4.  Sakop can be either
one’s relatives,
fraternity members,
barkada and the like.
 For indigenous
Filipinos, their
concept of sakop is
tribe calling their
members as “katribo”

5.  Sakop can be either
one’s relatives,
fraternity members,
barkada and the like.
 For indigenous
Filipinos, their
concept of sakop is
tribe calling their
members as “katribo”

6.  Kapwa is “a recognition of
shared identity, an inner
self shared with other”
(Virgilio Enriquez, 1992)

7. The “unity of the one-of-us-and-the-
other”, according to Virgilio Enriquez who
declared the concept as a Filipino core
value.
Kapwa, meaning ‘togetherness’, is the
core construct of Filipino Psychology.

8. 1. Ibang Tao (outsider)
 5 domains:
a. Pakikitungo: civility
b. Pakikisalamuha: act of mixing
c. Pakikilahok: act of joining
d. Pakikibagay: conformity
e. Pakikisama: being united with the group

9. 2. Hindi Ibang Tao (one-of-us)
 3 domains:
a. Pakikipagpalagayang-loob: act of
mutual trust
b. Pakikisangkot: act of joining others
c. Pakikipagkaisa: being one with
others.

10.  Definition:
This idea of “shared
self” opens up the heart-
doors of the I to include
the Other. Here, it is not
important if you are rich
or poor, or status in
society. “People are just
people in spite of their
age, clothes, diplomas,
color or affiliations.”

11. 1. Strangers
2. Acquaintances
3. Peers
4. Friend
5. Best friend
6. Soul mate, Lover

12.  Definition:
Filipinos use damdam, or
the inner perception of
others’ emotions, as a
basic tool to guide his
dealings with other people.
It characterizes Filipino
emotion. Enriquez named
this emotional quality
“shared perception”.

13. To Filipinos, “pakikisama” is a very
important trait.
“Pakikisama” is the ability of a person to get
along with others to maintain good and
harmonious relationships.
It implies camaraderie and togetherness in
a group and the cause of one’s being
socially accepted.

14. “Pakikisama” requires someone yielding to
group opinion, pressuring him to do what
he can for the advancement of his group,
sacrificing individual welfare for the
general welfare.

15.  One good aspect of pakikisama exists
within close family kinship and is
interpreted as helping each other.
Pakikisama is defined as an apathy
towards others with the readiness to help.

16.  Comparative Oriental
Philosophy
 Metalinguistic Analysis –
understanding the mind of
the speaker
 Phenomenology of
behavior – direct
experiences, how people
behave

17.  Javanese and
Filipino culture
strive for Harmony
and Order
 Javanese society is
hierarchal
manifested by their
language.

18.  Their group orientation discourages
competition.
 Individuals should be humble and
low profile.

19.  Batin means “inner
realm of human
experience”, also
means inner, in the
heart, hidden and
mysterious.

20. Bahasa Indonesia Filipino Language
Utang Bodhi Utang na Loob
Jadilak Kehendakmo
(Kehendak means will)
Sundin ang loob mo
Kebatinan Kalooban

21.  Kebatinan is the place where
someone meets the
Absolute.
 Rasa is the intuitive feeling
or the way to essential
knowledge.
 Ngesti is the spiritual
discipline.
 Lahir is the physical body,
outward appearance.

22.  Traditional Filipino World
View is that the world is
full of spirits.
 Aspects of the natural
world has power in them.
For example: mountains,
trees, animals, rivers and
also people.

23.  Liwanag or light in the sun
is the image of power and
divine presence.
 Life giving powers
 Also points out the path of
death
 Indicated the way of the
cross that revolutionaries
must take.

24.  Attainment of paradise
through hardships is also
the attainment of liwanag.
 Extraordinary beings with
transformed kaloobans.
 A weak loob is an
indication of the state of
darkness.

25.  Ileto defines LOOB as
an inner being which is
associated with the
ideas of leadership,
power, nationalism
and revolution.

26.  A purified kalooban
requires a special
knowledge which was
given more to the
leaders and less to the
members.

27.  LOOB must be continually
purified and strengthened.
 The forms of sacrifice like
prayers and abstinence
can purify the soul.
 Through sacrifice, a “new
man” will emerge.

28.  In the revolutionary sense,
Prospero Covar noted that
it is necessary to purify the
body so that it will be a
worthy temple of anting
anting or agimat.

29.  Revolutionaries regarded
their leaders as men of
psychic powers in winning
wars.
 Powers should be used in
good terms and necessary
occasions.
 Taking advantage of other
people is not advised.

30.  Filipino Philosophy is
non-dualistic or
holistic.
 It means that the body
is one. Any part can
assume the whole.
 “I am a body” not “I
have a body concept.”

31. LOOB BODIL Y
EXPRESSIONS
MEANING
Alapaap ang
kalooban
Gumugulo ang
isip
To doubt
Bugaw ang loob Gulo ang isip Scatter brained
Buhos ang loob Buo ang
atensyon
Concentrated
Bumabagabag na
loob
Nalilito ang
damdamin
Worried
Hindi maatim ng
kalooban
Hindi masikmura Against the
conscience

32. LOOB BODIL Y
EXPRESSIONS
MEANING
Bukal sa loob Pusong bato Stubborn
Buong loob Taos puso Voluntary
Kaisang loob Kaisa sa puso Mutual
Malamig ang
loob
Malamig na
pagtingin
Coolness
Wala sa loob Walang gana No desire

33. LOOB BODIL Y
EXPRESSIONS
MEANING
Bigat ng loob Bigat ng dugo Ill feelings
Lumuwag ang
loob
Ginhawa At ease
Pait ng loob Sakit sa
damdamin
Bitterness
Sama ng loob Hinanakit Troubled heart

34. LOOB BODIL Y
EXPRESSIONS
MEANING
Bukas ang loob Bukas palad Charitable
Kagandahang
loob
Kabaitan Goodness
Tinig sa loob Budhi Conscience
Loob na halaghag Halang ang
bituka
Greedy

35.  Kaputol or utol means
brother or sister
 Kapatid or patid also
means brother and sister.
 Laman sa aking katawan
and Dugo sa aking dugo
or offspring

36.  Sarili as SELF
 Sarili as FREEDOM
 Sarili as PROPERTY
 Sarili as EXPRESSION

37.  Sarili points to the man’s
being or personhood.
 Sarili means pagkatao.
 Self is not separate from
personhood.
 It is the whole self.

38.  Sabi ko sa sarili ko (I said
to myself)
 Aking sarili (Myself)
 Iyong sarili (Yourself)
 Paggalang sa sarili (Self
respect)
 Makasarili (Selfish)

39.  Sariling pag-iisip – free
thinking
 Sariling paraan – own ways
and means
 Magsarili – live
independently
 Kasarinlan – indepence
and autonomy

40.  Sariling bayan – own
country
 Sariling pera – own money
 Sariling gamit – own things
 Sariling atin – our very own
 Walang sarili – nothing of
one’s own

41.  No original word for privacy.
 No other party should see and
hear what you are doing.
 Example is “mag usap tayo ng
sarilinan”, “hayaan mo akong
makapag-isa”
 It applies to sakop as well –
communal.
 “Pahiram nga ng ating batya”

42.  Differentiate ISIP (reason) from
BAIT.
 ISIP is thought, intelligence,
sense or judgment.
 BAIT is intrinsic goodness and
sense or consciousness.
 Filipino concept of bait is both
emotional and intellectual or
hollistic.

43.  Sarili is a bigger umbrella
which embraces loob and
katawan which is
inseparable with soul and
spirit.
 Loob is an interior aspect
of sarili.

44.  The Filipino looks at
himself as a self, as one
who feels and wills, as
who thinks and acts as
a total whole conscious
of his freedom, dignity
and sensitive to the
violation of these.