For History of the Modern World.

1. The Rise of
Russia
Reported by:
Joemar Magante
III-16 BSE History

2. Characteristics of Russian
History (Early Modern)
•Alterated power balances in Eurasia
•Limited commercial exchange
•Liberation from the Mongol rule
•Byzantine-influenced culture
•Territories pushed Eastward

4. 1. Rule of the Tsars:
Expansionist Policy
•Grand Duchy of Moscow
•Success of Ivan III – Military
focus, Nationalism and
Orthodox Christian religion

6. Ivan III

7. 2. Revival Period
Reduced vigor of Russian culture
(Mongol Rule)
Declined of literacy, economy
remained agricultural peasantry
Ivan III rule – Centralization,
Imperial and Supervision of
Orthodox Church
Ivan IV - killed many boyars or
nobles naming him as “Ivan The
Terrible”

8. Ivan
The
Terrible

9. 3. Patterns of Expansion
•Central Asia: From Caspian Sea to
Ural Mountains
•Western Siberia during the 16th
century
•Cossacks or peasant adventurers
occupy new lands.
•Loyal nobles and bureaucrats are
given land titles.
•Slavery remains, Asian trading
•Multiculturalism prevailed

11. 4. The Western Contacts
•Diplomatic missions to
Western states by Ivan III
•British merchants on trade by
Ivan IV.
•Kremlines. Italian architects
began to work on Russian
architectural designs for
churches.

13. 5. Time of Troubles
and the Romanovs
After the death of Ivan IV,
there was no heir of the throne.
Boyars tried to control the
government.
Sweden and Poland seized
territory.
Romanov Family gains
the rule.

15. a. Michael Romanov
– restored internal
order, drove foreign
invaders and
imperial expansion.

16. b. Alexis Romanov –
abolish the local
nobilities, restored
power of state over
church.

17. 6. Tsarist Autocracy
•Autocratic, Brutal suppression of
the revolts
•State decrees were given for
reforms
•Westernized bureaucrats and
military force
•Emergence of secret police
•Foreign policies created hostilities
•St.Petersburg as the new capital.

18. 7. First Westernization
and the rule of Peter The Great
Russia became a great land empire
Peter The Great – imitated Western
forms and styles of influences in
art, education, politics and military.
Russian navy is established.
Use of serfs in the agricultural and
mining.
Resistance from all classes.

19. Do Now:
If Tsar Peter the Great is cutting off the beards of nobles to make them look like
Western Europeans, what other kinds of changes do you think he will bring to
Russia?
Tsar Peter the Great with a pair of
shears, about to remove the beard of a
conservative subject.

20. Peter
The
Great

21. 8. Catherine The Great
Consolidation Rule
Purgachev Peasant Rebellion
caused extension of central
authority of Czarina.
Brough new ideas and
enlightenment
Patron for the arts and architecture
Rise of Russian expansionism –
acquired Crimea, Siberia, claimed
Alaska and Northern California.

22. Catherine
The Great

23. Catherine the Great
Treatment of Social Classes
•Freed nobles from state services and taxes
•Increased serfdom
•Made nobles status hereditary, gave them full control over their serfs – could sell them
•No merchant class
So much for all that “liberty”
talk! If we complain, we will be
whipped and imprisoned for life!

24. Catherine the Great
Enlightened Despot
•Friend of Voltaire and other philosophes
•Patronized the arts, created Hermitage Museum
•Increased education – especially for girls
•Created medical commission – took first vaccine in Russia and improved medical conditions
•Encouraged modernization of agriculture and industry
•Relaxed censorship laws
Catherine believed that all citizens are
equal and subject to the same laws! Did
you know that Catherine is actually a
pen pal of Voltaire!

25. 9. Alexander I and
the Congress of Vienna
Russian army killed French
troops of Napoleon I.
Called as the “Savior of
Europe” and joined the
Congress of Vienna.
Constitutional Monarchy
prevailed in Russia.

26. 10. Nicholas I
•Decemberist revolt to oust
Nicholas and install his
brother to the throne.
•Crushed the revolt
•Turn away for
Westernization policy

27. 11. Emancipation of Alexander II
•Abolition of Serfdom in
Russia
•Gaining rights, freedom
and equality for the serfs
and for all classes.
•Growth of industries and
middle class

28. 12. The Reactionary Alexander III
•Maxim: Autocracy,
Orthodoxy, National
Character
•Shut Russia off from
Western influences
•Considered Slavophile

29. 13. Nicholas II and
the Revolutionary Movement
Forces emerged to overthrow the tsar.
Three Parties of Opposition:
a. Constitutional Democratic party or Kadets
b. Socialist-Revolutionary Party or Esers in
1901
c. Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
or RSDLP in 1898

30. Nicholas II

31. THANK YOU!
From Mary
Stuart. 