Simple Present Tense Present Continuous Tense Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense Simple Past Tense. Past Continuous Tense. Past Perfect Tense. Past Perfect Continuous Tense. Simple Future “Will.” Simple Future “be Going to.” Future Continuous Tense. Future Perfect Tense. Future Perfect Continuous Tense. Simple Past Future. Past Future Continuous Tense. Past Future Perfect Tense. Past Future Continuous Tense.

1. ENGLISH GRAMMAR
by : M Jundullah
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2. PRESENT
SimplePresent Tense.
PresentContinuousTense.
Present Perfect Tense.
PresentPerfect ContinuousTense.
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3. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
 A Fact, Habit, and Regular Action
 Fact : The sun sets in the west.
 Habit : She always writes in the morning.
 Regular : He writes two books a year.
Note:
s/es : She, He, It
Do : I, You, You, They, We
Does : She, He, It
S + verb1 (s/es) + O
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4. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Happening at Present, Temporary Situation, and
Changing Situation
 Happening : I am playing football now.
 Temporary : They normally play football, but
today they are playing basketball.
 Changing : Yesterday it was very sunny.
Today it is raining more and more.
S + to be + verb(ing) + O
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5. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 Action that is complete at the time of speaking.
Examples:
 I have studied 3 section of this book until now.
 I have already done half of the excercises,
 He has driven 500 kilometers so far.
S + have + verb3 + O
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6. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Action that started in the past and still in progress.
Examples:
 I have been studying all morning.
 I have been doing the excercises since 11 o’clock.
 He has been driving for five hours.
S + have been + verb(ing) + O
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7. PAST
SimplePastTense.
PastContinuousTense.
PastPerfect Tense.
PastPerfect ContinuousTense.
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8. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
 Action completes at specific time in the past.
Examples:
 I studied 3 section of this book last night.
 I did half of the excercises before lunch.
 I drove 500 kilometers yesterday.
S + verb2 + O
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9. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Action in progress in the past either
 When a shorter action took place,or
 At a very precise moment.
Examples:
 We were playing cards when she arrived.
 He was sleeping when the phone rang.
 It was snowing at 10 am yesterday.
 They were flying to Tokyo at this time yesterday.
Note:
The shorter action is always in the past simple. It
may stop the action in progress or not.
S + was/were + verb(ing) + O
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10. PAST PERFECT TENSE
 Action that was completed in the past either
 Before another action took place, or
 Before a very precise moment.
Examples:
 She arrived after we had played cards.
 He had slept a little before the phone rang.
 It had started to snow by 10 am yesterday.
 They had left Jakarta by this time yesterday.
Note:
The second (later) action is
always in the past simple.
S + had + verb3 + O
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11. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Action that had started, had continued for some time and
was still in progress either.
Examples:
 We had been playing cards for two hours when she arrived.
 He had been sleeping for a long time when the phone rang.
 It had been snowing for several hours by 10 am yesterday.
 They had been flying to Jakarta for few hours by this time
yesterday.
Note:
The second (later) action is
always in the past simple.
S + had been + verb(ing) + O
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12. FUTURE
SimpleFuture“Will.”
SimpleFuture“be Going to.”
FutureContinuousTense.
FuturePerfect Tense.
FuturePerfect ContinuousTense.
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13. SIMPLE FUTURE “WILL.”
Future Simple has two main usages,
 Expressing a possibility in the future (usually in
conjuntion with an expression of possibility).
Example:
“It will probably rain tonight.”
o Making a decision at the time of speaking (usually
in a dialogue).
Example:
A: “I’d love to see the town.”
B: “Really? I will show you around.”
S + will + verb1 + O
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14. SIMPLE FUTURE “BE GOING TO.”
 Expressing something that is certain to happen in
the future.
Example:
“Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain any
minute.”
 Talking about decision or a plan you have made
before the time of speaking.
Example:
“I know you want to see the town. I am going to show you
around.”
S + be going to + verb1 + O
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15. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE.
 Action in progress at a specific time in the future
(equivalent of present and past continuous)
Examples:
 They are flying to Jakarta at this moment. (present)
 They were flying to Jakarta at this time yesterday. (past)
 They will be flying to Jakarta at this time tomorrow.
 Occasionally, as an alternative to “going to” for a future
plan or “be doing” for future arrangement.
Examples:
 Are you going to use the car this evening? (plan)
 Will you be using the car this evening? (arrangement)
S + will be + verb(ing) + O
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16. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
 Action that will be completed in the future either.
 Before a specific moment, or
 Before another action takes place.
Examples:
 They will have left for Dublin by this time tomorrow.
 The film will have finished by midnight.
 She will have done her homework by the time we arrive.
Note:
The second (later) action is
always in the present simple.
S + will have + verb3 + O
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17. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Action that will have started, will have continued for some
time and will still be in progress in the future either
 Before a specific moment, or
 Before another action takes place.
Examples:
 They will have been flying to Texas for a few hours by this time
tomorrow.
 The film will have been running for two hours by midnight.
 She will have been doing her homework for several hours by the time
we arrive.
Note:
The second (later) action is
always in the present simple.
S + will have been + verb(ing)+ O
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18. PAST FUTURE
Simple PastFuture.
PastFutureContinuousTense.
Past FuturePerfect Tense.
PastFutureContinuousTense.
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19. SIMPLE PAST FUTURE.
 Express the idea that in the past you thought something
would happen in the future.
 “would” is used to volunteer or promise, and
 “was going to” is used to plan.
 Both form can be used to make prediction about the future.
Examples:
 I told you he was going to come to the party. (plan)
 I knew Scarlett would make breakfast. (voluntary action)
 I had a feeling that the vacation was going to be a
disaster. (prediction)
 He promised he would send a postcard from Peru.
(promise)
S +would / (was/were going to) + O
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20. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Action in progress at a specific time in the future by
using past view.
Examples:
 I would be attending the conference if I was in
Jakarta.
 She would be having breakfast if her mother
cooked some foods.
 If she came, the show would be taking place
smoothly.
S +would be + verb(ing) + O
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21. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
 Action that will be completed in the future by using
past view.
Examples:
 If you had saved your money in a bank, they
would’nt have gone.
 I would have had that car, but i prefered to save
money.
S +would have + verb3 + O
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22. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Action that will have started, will have continued for some
time and will still be in progress in the future by using past
view.
Examples:
 If his visa had been approved, he would have been working
abroad for a week.
 Zack and his family would have been living at their new house
if its constuction had finished.
 I would have been doing my homework if I had bought a pen.
S +would have been + verb(ing) + O
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