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An Introduction to Generative Adversarial Networks (April 2020)

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Julien SIMON
Julien SIMON

Theory, use cases and demos.

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© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. An Introduction toGenerative Adversarial Networks Julien Simon Global Evangelist, AI & Machine Learning Amazon Web Services @julsimon M L T 4
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. What are Generative Adversarial Networks? • Most Machine Learning problems try to make sense of a real-life dataset • Tabular data: regression, classification, clustering • Text: sentiment analysis, entity extraction • Image: object detection, image segmentation • Generative Adversarial Networks are fundamentally different • Goodfellow, 2014 https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.2661 • A GAN uses a real-life dataset to generate new lookalike samples • Not based on statistical analysis, e.g. filling in missing values during feature engineering
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Adversarial Networks • Two deep learning networks compete against one another • The Generator network creates new samples from random data, not from the data set • Start from a random vector (say, 100 bytes) and generate a tensor with the same shape as dataset samples (say, 3x256x256) • The Discriminator learns how to classify samples • Real ones, coming from the data set • Fake ones, generated by the Generator • Typical Deep Learning process: mini-batch training, backpropagation, etc.
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. « How do you create something from nothing? » « How can fake samples look remotely convincing? » « How does the Generator learn? »
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Let’s take about convolution for a minute • Convolution extracts features from complex data samples • It reduces the total amount of information • Samples can shrink, keeping only the « good stuff » • Padding and stride • So we know how to go from (3, 256, 256) to [0,1] • From images to probabilities • Can we do the opposite?
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Transposed convolution • Transposed convolution is the reverse operation • It increases the total amount of information • Samples grow • So we know how to go from (100,) to (3, 256, 256)
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. The Deep Convolutional Generator (DCGAN) https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.06434
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. The Deep Convolutional Discriminator (DCGAN) https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.06434
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Training DCGAN https://medium.com/@julsimon/generative-adversarial-networks-on-apache-mxnet-part-1-b6d39e6b5df1 Generator Building images from random vectors Detector Learning to detect real and fake samples Gradient updates Fake images Real images
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Demo: training DCGAN with MXNetGluon https://gitlab.com/juliensimon/dlnotebooks/-/blob/master/mxnet/07%20-%20DCGAN%20Gluon.ipynb
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. GAN: Welcome to the (un)real world, Neo Generating new ”celebrity” faces https://github.com/tkarras/progressive_growing_of_gans April 2018 From semantic map to 2048x1024 picture https://tcwang0509.github.io/pix2pixHD/ November 2017 TF PyTorch
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. More face generation with GANs Controlled Image Generation with TL-GAN https://github.com/SummitKwan/transparent_latent_gan October 2018 Applying the style of a face to another face https://github.com/NVlabs/stylegan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSLJriaOumA March 2019 TF
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. GAN: Everybody dance now https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.07371 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCBTZh41Ris August 2018
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Autodesk - Generative Design https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A31A8KDC9S4
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. AWS DeepComposer https://aws.amazon.com/deepcomposer https://github.com/aws-samples/aws-deepcomposer-samples
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Resources https://aws.training/machinelearning https://deeplearning.ai https://fast.ai http://www.deeplearningbook.org/ https://d2l.ai/ https://gitlab.com/juliensimon/dlnotebooks
Thank you! © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

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An Introduction to Generative Adversarial Networks (April 2020)

  • 1. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 2. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. An Introduction toGenerative Adversarial Networks Julien Simon Global Evangelist, AI & Machine Learning Amazon Web Services @julsimon M L T 4
  • 3. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. What are Generative Adversarial Networks? • Most Machine Learning problems try to make sense of a real-life dataset • Tabular data: regression, classification, clustering • Text: sentiment analysis, entity extraction • Image: object detection, image segmentation • Generative Adversarial Networks are fundamentally different • Goodfellow, 2014 https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.2661 • A GAN uses a real-life dataset to generate new lookalike samples • Not based on statistical analysis, e.g. filling in missing values during feature engineering
  • 4. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 5. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Adversarial Networks • Two deep learning networks compete against one another • The Generator network creates new samples from random data, not from the data set • Start from a random vector (say, 100 bytes) and generate a tensor with the same shape as dataset samples (say, 3x256x256) • The Discriminator learns how to classify samples • Real ones, coming from the data set • Fake ones, generated by the Generator • Typical Deep Learning process: mini-batch training, backpropagation, etc.
  • 6. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. « How do you create something from nothing? » « How can fake samples look remotely convincing? » « How does the Generator learn? »
  • 7. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Let’s take about convolution for a minute • Convolution extracts features from complex data samples • It reduces the total amount of information • Samples can shrink, keeping only the « good stuff » • Padding and stride • So we know how to go from (3, 256, 256) to [0,1] • From images to probabilities • Can we do the opposite?
  • 8. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Transposed convolution • Transposed convolution is the reverse operation • It increases the total amount of information • Samples grow • So we know how to go from (100,) to (3, 256, 256)
  • 9. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. The Deep Convolutional Generator (DCGAN) https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.06434
  • 10. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. The Deep Convolutional Discriminator (DCGAN) https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.06434
  • 11. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Training DCGAN https://medium.com/@julsimon/generative-adversarial-networks-on-apache-mxnet-part-1-b6d39e6b5df1 Generator Building images from random vectors Detector Learning to detect real and fake samples Gradient updates Fake images Real images
  • 12. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Demo: training DCGAN with MXNetGluon https://gitlab.com/juliensimon/dlnotebooks/-/blob/master/mxnet/07%20-%20DCGAN%20Gluon.ipynb
  • 13. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 14. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. GAN: Welcome to the (un)real world, Neo Generating new ”celebrity” faces https://github.com/tkarras/progressive_growing_of_gans April 2018 From semantic map to 2048x1024 picture https://tcwang0509.github.io/pix2pixHD/ November 2017 TF PyTorch
  • 15. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. More face generation with GANs Controlled Image Generation with TL-GAN https://github.com/SummitKwan/transparent_latent_gan October 2018 Applying the style of a face to another face https://github.com/NVlabs/stylegan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSLJriaOumA March 2019 TF
  • 16. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. GAN: Everybody dance now https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.07371 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCBTZh41Ris August 2018
  • 17. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Autodesk - Generative Design https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A31A8KDC9S4
  • 18. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. AWS DeepComposer https://aws.amazon.com/deepcomposer https://github.com/aws-samples/aws-deepcomposer-samples
  • 19. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 20. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 21. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Resources https://aws.training/machinelearning https://deeplearning.ai https://fast.ai http://www.deeplearningbook.org/ https://d2l.ai/ https://gitlab.com/juliensimon/dlnotebooks
  • 22. Thank you! © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.