2. WHAT IS DESERTIFICATION?WHAT IS DESERTIFICATION?
“…means land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas
resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and
human activities” (UNCCD, Article 1(a))
Land Degradation meaning the loss of biological or economic productivity in
various areas (e.g. woodland) from a process or combination of processes,
including processes arising from anthropogenic activity, such as
Soil erosion caused by wind or water
Deterioration of the chemical, physical and biological components of the soil
Long-term loss of natural vegetation
3. The United Nations Convention to
Combat Desertification in countries
experiencing drought and/or
desertification, particularly in Africa
1. Problem
2. Background
3. Formalities
4. Objectives
5. Modalities
6. Institutions
7. Related Conventions
8. Potential benefits from becoming a party
5. BACKGROUND: The road to
Paris
Sahelian Drought and famine 1968- 1974 200 000 people and
millions of animals died
Plan of Action to Combat Desertification 1977
Lack of sufficient financial aid and coordination among countries
1992 Earth Summit: African Countries insist that proper attention
should be given to desertification
World’s leaders agreed in Agenda 21 to call on the UN General
Assembly to set up convention
Convention open for signing 1994
6. Objectives
1. Combat desertification and mitigate the
effects of drought
2. Long-term integration strategies
Improved productivity of land
Rehabilitation, conservation and sustainable management of
land and water resources
7. Formalities
Open for signature
14- 15 October 1994
in Paris
Entry into force 90th
day after deposit of
50th
Instrument
1-4th
COP every year,
after every two years
Headquarters in Bonn,
Germany
Historic Haus Carstanjen, Bonn, and
its park located near the River
Rhine. Seat of the United Nations in
Germany.
8. Modalities
Common obligations of states cooperation, transfer of
knowledge, research, info and technology; capacity and
awareness building, integrated approach to combating
desertification
Affected countries prepare action programmes
Developed countries provide financial resources and
facilitate access to technology and know-how
Report back on measures of convention, progress reports
on their action programmes
11. Potential Benefits
Allow a state to
1. Show solidarity with affected countries in
facing urgent and growing issue of global
dimensions,
2. Benefit from cooperation in designing and
implementing its own programmes
3. Improve access to relevant data and technology
4. Nominate scientists on the roster of experts
(CST)
13. Introduction
Namibia most arid
country south of Sahara
70% dependant on
subsistence farming
Difficult climatic
conditions and human
induced impacts
Napcod collaborative
effort between MAWRD
and MET (started by
DEA)
15. Napcod Process
Phase 1: 1994 Broad Consultation and
National Workshop
Phase 2: 1995-1999 Setting up structures
for implementation (planning for Phase 3)
Phase 3: 1999-2004 Setting up structures
for implementation
18. Communications and public awareness
generation
FIRM
Partners and information flow
Indicators
Education and training
19. Legislation
Namibia’s Policy to Combat Desertification
(1994)
N’s Env Assessment Policy (1995)
Draft Environmental Management Act (1999)
Many principles of CCD included
Policies, while formulated and approved by
parliament, are not implemented, are not backed
by legislation or regulations
20. PROBLEMS
As of 2004 – no funding…
Napcod not formally accepted
by government as a NAP
Did not follow UNCCD
guidelines
Slow movement in enacting
new legislation
Combating desertification is
often viewed by decision-
makers as merely an
‘environmental’ issue that does
not deserve high priority
21. Positives
Napcod very broad and
effective participation,
community level
Enjoyed support and
involvement from
government ministries,
and acceptance by
UNCCD
Good working
relationship between
NGOs and government
Gobabeb
22. His Excellency Hama A Diallo: “Namibia has made commendable
efforts in the management of its natural resources at community, as
well as national level. This is what the UNCCD and its partners,
UNDP, UNEP, FAO, African Development Bank and World Bank
wanted to see. Namibia’s experiences are quite useful to all its
neighbours.”