An overview of secondary research in evidence based medicine: Literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, meta-synthesis, and integrative reviews.

1. Systematic Review and
Meta-analysis

2. Definitions
 Primary Literature
 Secondary Literature
 Reviews
 Literature (narrative)
 Systematic
 Integrative
 Meta-analysis

3. History

4. How they are conducted
 Develop an answerable question
 Check for recent systematic reviews
 Agree on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria
 Develop a system to organize data and notes
 Devise reproducible search methods
 Launch and track exhaustive search
 Organize search results
 Abstract data into a standardized format
 Synthesize data using statistical methods (meta-analysis)
 Write about what you found

5. Develop an answerable question
 Narrow focused
 PHICOC
 Still actually researched (scoping search)
 Not too current
 Researchable
 Clearly quantitative/qualitative

6. Check for recent systematic reviews
 PubMed
 Start broad, go narrow

7. Agree on specific inclusion and exclusion
criteria
 Criteria to consider
 Date Range
 Language
 Study Type
 Population considered
 Location of research (journals, grey lit., ancestry)

8. Develop a system to organize data and notes
 RefWorks!

9. Devise reproducible search methods

11. The final query (for some of the databases)
(DE "ONLINE information services" OR DE "Massive open online courses" OR ((Online OR Distance OR “Web
based” OR Electronic OR Virtual) N2 (Education OR Learning OR Courses OR Instruction OR Class)) OR Elearning
OR “e-learning” OR “Learning Management” OR LMS OR “Class management” OR “Course management” OR
CMS OR MOOC OR “Massive Open Online Course” OR Libguide OR “Research guide” OR Video OR Blackboard
OR Desire2Learn OR D2L OR Moodle OR Instructure OR asynchronous) AND (DE "UNIVERSITIES & colleges" OR
College OR University OR “Higher education” OR Postsecondary OR “Post secondary” OR undergrad* OR Grad*
OR Doctora* OR PhD OR Bachelor’s OR Bachelors OR Masters OR Master’s) AND (((Information OR database or
internet or keyword or database or research or search or library or articles) N2 (find* or instruct* or search* or
select* or seek* or utilize* or retriev* or system or skill or literat* or evaluat* or tutorial or train* or teach*)) or
“Online search” or “Bibliographic database” or documentation or citing or cite or citation or plagiarism) AND (DE
"LIBRARIANS" OR Librarian or archivist or “Information scientist” or informationist) AND (DE "TRAINING" OR
Scaffold* OR Constructivi* OR Explicit OR Systematic OR Observation* OR Curricul* or Model* OR Train* OR
Coach* OR “Student-centered” OR “Student Centered” OR “Learner-centered” OR “learner centered” OR Active
OR ”Think aloud” OR “Zone of proximal development”)

12. Launch and track exhaustive search

13. Organize search results
 RefWorks!
 Remove duplicates
 Find abstracts
 Determine articles to include in SR (Primary screen  Secondary Screen (Find Full Text)

14. Put it all together
 Abstract data into a standardized format
 Synthesize data using statistical methods (meta-analysis)
 Write about what you found

15. Bias Caution!
 Publication bias

16. Resources and References
 UTA Systematic Review LibGuide: http://libguides.uta.edu/systematicreviews
 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA
Statement:
http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097#p
med-1000097-g001
 The integrative review: Updated methodology:
http://users.phhp.ufl.edu/rbauer/EBPP/whittemore_knafl_05.pdf
 Bad Science, by Ben Goldacre

17.  http://libguides.uta.edu/systematicreviews/