Organizing Outlining Speech

Organizing and
Outlining the
Speech

Principles of Organization

Main Points

Introduction

Conclusion

Transitions

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Organizing and
Outlining the
Speech
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Outlining

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Organizing and Outlining the Speech > Principles of Organization

Principles of Organization
• Why Does Organization Matter?
• Critical Thinking

• The Components of a Speech: Main Points, Introduction, Conclusion,
and Transitions
• Patterns of Organization: Informative, Persuasive, and
Commemorative
• Building a Speech: Starting with an Outline

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Why Does Organization Matter?
• Public speakers can structure the audience's experience through skillful
organization. As you write your speech, decide what you want your audience to
feel in the beginning, middle, and end of your speech.
• An effective speech should balance information, knowledge, and wisdom.
• Information is the foundation of knowledge; knowledge is the basis of wisdom.

Merlin Steam Engine
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Critical Thinking
• Critical thinking consists of intentional, reflective thinking about a given set of
information and determining not only what to believe about that information but
also how to act on it ([[fig:17212]]).
• Critical thinking consists of the following six key processes and actions: clarifying
goals, examining assumptions, discerning hidden values, evaluating evidence,
accomplishing actions, and assessing conclusions.
• You must utilize the many elements of critical thinking to pinpoint your goals and
articulate compelling, relevant, accurate evidence in your speech. Additionally,

critical thinking allows you to examine your thesis from opposing viewpoints,
giving you further strategies to bolster your argument.

Critical Thinking

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The Components of a Speech: Main Points, Introduction,
Conclusion, and Transitions
• Composing a speech is different from writing an essay. Write with listeners in
mind, not readers.

• The bulk of a speech is different from the body of an essay. Where an essay
builds an intricate progression of topic sentences, concrete details, and short
commentaries, a speech should illustrate a few main points.
• Public speakers can emphasize transition points with visual aids, body language,
vocal delivery, and transitional words and phrases.

Transitioning Together

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Patterns of Organization: Informative, Persuasive, and
Commemorative
• When you begin organizing your speech, determine what your broader purpose
is--to inform, persuade, or commemorate.

• Keep the purpose of your speech in mind as you try different structural models.
• Different structures are suited to different purposes, and you may have to
experiment with a few models before you find the right one for your speech.


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Building a Speech: Starting with an Outline
• If you are having trouble writing your outline, try brainstorming first.
• A topic outline, or a general list of topics, evidence, quotes, and other details, is a

good way to organize your main points and create a general overview of the
speech.
• If you want to make an outline that includes text from the actual speech, write a
sentence outline.

Presentation Outline

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Organizing and Outlining the Speech > Main Points

Main Points
• Choosing the Main Points
• Ordering the Main Points

• Highlighting the Main Points



Choosing the Main Points
• If you are speaking to a homogeneous audience, research the particular interests
of that group and tailor your speech to meet their needs.

• If you are speaking to a heterogeneous audience, try to find points that will
interest each segment of your audience, and also a common purpose to unify
diverse elements.
• As you choose your main points, ask yourself what is at stake for the audience.
Why should that particular group of people care about your topic? How will it
affect them?
Audience at the Humanities Theater

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Ordering the Main Points
• When ordering main points, the speaker should consider the audience and find a
way to make sure the points are arranged to help retention and clarity.

• Try to limit a speech to 3 or 4 main points with supporting sub-points to make sure
the audience is not overwhelmed with too much information.
• Each of the main points would require additional support and evidence in a
speech and are identified only to aid the conceptualization of the organizational
forms.

I Hope this Flows

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Highlighting the Main Points
• 65% of Americans are primarily visual learners, while 30% work best with auditory
learning and 5% thrive with kinesthetic (or hands-on, touch-based) learning. This
puts public speakers at a disadvantage, since only 30% of Americans learn best
by listening.
• Public speakers should accept the reality of distractible audiences and take
responsibility for getting the message across despite this challenge.
• Public speakers can emphasize their main points using visual and textual cues.


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Organizing and Outlining the Speech > Introduction

Introduction
• The Role of the Introduction
• Getting Attention and Interest

• Establishing Credibility
• Introducing the Topic, Thesis, and Main Points



The Role of the Introduction
• The introduction is a sales pitch and a useful outline in one, so it should maintain
a good balance of hype and content.

• The introduction has five important responsibilities: get the audience's attention,
introduce the topic, explain its relevance to the audience, state a thesis or
purpose, and outline the main points.
• By the end of the introduction, you should provide a road map that outlines your
main points.

Speech Introduction

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Getting Attention and Interest
• The opening of a speech is the most important time to get the audience's
attention and generate interest.

• One way to grab the audience's attention is to begin with something surprising,
shocking, or controversial.
• If a subdued approach is more appropriate, try opening with a question. In
academic contexts, it may be best to start by situating your talk within the existing
conversation.

What's Inside the Box

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Establishing Credibility
• Don't rely on the content of your speech to gain credibility with the audience. Selfpresentation is important too, since the audience will start judging you before you
begin speaking.
• Establish your authority to speak about your topic by stating the source of your
knowledge: experience, training, or research.
• When you speak to a skeptical audiences, begin by finding common ground.
Acknowledge the appeal of opposing perspectives before you make a strong case
for your own opinion.
Speaker at Social Media Art Camp

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Introducing the Topic, Thesis, and Main Points
• Describe the scope of your speech when you introduce your topic.
• State your thesis or purpose clearly and with emphasis in one to three sentences.

• Provide an overview of your main points before you launch into the body of the
speech.

Speaker Addressing Crowd

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Organizing and Outlining the Speech > Conclusion

Conclusion
• The Role of the Conclusion
• Summarizing Ideas

• Signaling the Ending and Managing Q&A



The Role of the Conclusion
• The end of your speech is going to be the audience's lasting impression of
everything you've said. Use your conclusion as an opportunity to remind them of
your main points.
• Reiterating your introduction in your conclusion will bring the audience's mind
back to the overall purpose and message of your speech.
• When a speaker just suddenly stops speaking, the audience is left confused and
disappointed. A conclusion serves to ensure audiences are left knowledgeable
and satisfied with your speeches.
Bill Gates making a speech

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Summarizing Ideas
• Three main areas of your speech should be summarized in your conclusion: your
primary message, your main points, and what you want your audience to take
away from your speech.
• A summary should concisely revisit what you've just been speaking about in a
way that is accessible for your audience.
• Summaries should be lean, only including the most crucial information and ideas.
• Your conclusion should be an overview of your speech. There is no need to
elaborate or use examples, as this should have been done in the body of your

speech.

Bill Gates Speaking

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Signaling the Ending and Managing Q&A
• To signal the end of your speech, you can use concluding phrases and vary the
tone of your voice to wind down your conclusion.

• Managing Q&A sessions is an important skill and will help your audience gain
more in-depth information that is relevant to them.
• To successfully facilitate a Q&A session, it is important you are as knowledgeable
about your topic as possible. If, however, you are asked a question that you
cannot answer, it is crucial to stay calm and still answer professionally.

Questions

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Organizing and Outlining the Speech > Transitions

Transitions
• The Role of Transitions
• Types of Transitions

• Using Transitions



The Role of Transitions
• Adding transitions may be the last step in building your presentation, but that does
not minimize their importance.

• A speech without transitions often seems choppy, and can even seem
unorganized.
• You can use transitions to signal that you are stressing a point that you have
already made.

Detour

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Types of Transitions
• Transitional phrases are words or phrases indicating that a speaker has finished
one thought and is moving onto another one.

• Internal previews cue the audience to listen for the key elements within major
points of the speech.
• Internal summaries review the key points a speaker just made.
• Signposts are often the numerical indications of the main body points.

Where are We Going?

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Using Transitions
• You can use transitions along with hand movements to emphasize a point.
• You can use transitions to indicate that you are going to talk about the past or the

future and then add movement to physically take your audience there.
• Transitions can also be used with facial expressions.

John F. Kennedy

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Organizing and Outlining the Speech > Outlining

Outlining
• Reasons to Outline
• The Preparation Outline

• The Speaking Outline
• The Rough Draft Outline



Reasons to Outline
• An outline helps you group ideas into main points and see their logical
connections.

• It is important to create an outline before you deliver your speech, as it will act as
your guide to effectively sequence your information and ensure you touch on all
your main points.
• Outlining allows you to ensure your speech flows smoothly.
• Use an outline as a tool for delivery of extemporaneous speaking.

Outlining

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The Preparation Outline
• The types of preparation outlines for speeches vary, however, it is up to the
presenter to choose the format that best fits the content and personal style of the
presentation.
• Common outline styles include sentence outlines, topics outlines, chronological
outlines, and alphanumeric outlines.
• Similar to any traditional outlines, preparation outlines include a speech title,
introduction, body, conclusion, and supporting references or sources.

Typing

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The Speaking Outline
• The speaking outline covers the main points and aids the speaker's memory on
certain topics.

• Speaking outlines generally include an introduction, body, conclusion, and
transitions.
• To successfully deliver an outlined speech, it helps for presenters to be subject
matter <a href="http://cms.boundless.com/editor/#">experts</a>, or at least
sufficiently knowledgeable about the topic.

Speech Notes

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The Rough Draft Outline
• Rough draft outlines help form the skeleton of the speaker's speech and provide a
pattern from which the speaker writes his or her main statement, argument, and
supporting points.
• Prior to starting the rough draft outline, some research should be completed.
• Similar to traditional outlines, rough draft outlines should include notes on the
introduction, body, and conclusion.
• Rough draft outlines ultimately change as the speechwriter conducts additional
research and continues to shape his or her speech topic.
Speech Paper

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Appendix

Organizing and Outlining the Speech

Key terms
• anecdote An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not supported by scientific or statistical analysis.

(CC BY-SA

3.0)

• applicable Suitable for application; relevant. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• body language Body language is a form of mental and physical ability of human non-verbal communication. It consists of body
posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and interpret such signals almost entirely
subconsciously. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• chronological In order of time from the earliest to the latest (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• colloquial Denoting a manner of speaking or writing that is characteristic of familiar conversation; informal.

(CC BY-SA 3.0)

• commemorative speech A commemorative speech honors, celebrates, or remembers its subject. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• concise brief, yet including all important information (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• conclusion The end, finish, close, or last part of something. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• credibility The objective and subjective components of the believability of a source or message.

(CC BY-SA 3.0)

• critical thinking he application of logical principles, rigorous standards of evidence, and careful reasoning to the analysis and
discussion of claims, beliefs, and issues (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• detour A diversion or deviation from one's original route. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• draft A preliminary sketch; rough outline. (CC BY-SA 3.0)



• elaborate (used with on when used with an object) To give further detail or explanation (about). (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• heterogeneous Diverse in kind or nature; composed of diverse parts. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• homogeneous Having the same composition throughout; of uniform make-up. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• information The category of information includes facts, figures, and concepts taken from primary and secondary texts.

(CC BY-SA 3.0)

• informative speech An informative speech educates the audience about its topic. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• introduction A means of presenting one person to another. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• knowledge Familiarity or understanding of a particular skill, branch of learning, etc. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• outline A list used to present the main points or topics of a given subject, often used as a rough draft or summary of the content
of a document. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• persuasive speech A persuasive speech makes a convincing case for its position or viewpoint. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• prepare to make ready for a specific future purpose; to set up; to assemble. (CC BY-SA 3.0)



• reconcile To make things compatible or consistent. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• sentence outline A sentence outline expresses the central ideas of a speech in complete sentences. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• sub points A sub point has a direct, specific relation to its major point that you can make clear by the organizational method you
choose. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• textual cue Textual cues are signals within the language of a speech: key words and phrases, examples, anecdotes, and
selections of text that appear on a slide or handout. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• thesis A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to three sentences long. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• topic Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• topic outline A topic outline is a hierarchical list of a speech's main points. Topic outlines use keywords and short phrases
rather than complete sentences. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• transition The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to another. (CC BY-SA 3.0)




• visual cue A visual cues is a signal the audience can see. Examples of visual cues include slides, handouts, charts, and also
the speaker's body language. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• wisdom Wisdom refers to insight that is gained from knowledge. This category includes truth, opinion, and perception. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• writer's block The inability to begin or continue work on a piece of writing; normally temporary. (CC BY-SA 3.0)



Merlin Steam Engine

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Critical Thinking

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Transitioning Together

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Presentation Outline

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Audience at the Humanities Theater

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I Hope this Flows

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Speech Introduction

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What's Inside the Box

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Speaker at Social Media Art Camp

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Speaker Addressing Crowd

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Bill Gates making a speech

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Bill Gates Speaking

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Questions

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Detour

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Where are We Going?

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John F. Kennedy

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Outlining

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Typing

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Speech Notes

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Speech Paper

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Which of the following represents the information element of a
speech about white collar crimes in corporate America?
A) Statistics about the number of white collar crimes committed in
corporate America

B) Stories about white collar crime criminals in corporate America

C) Principles and contexts around white collar crime in corporate America

D) Expert opinions on why white collar crimes are committed in corporate
America



Which of the following represents the information element of a
speech about white collar crimes in corporate America?
A) Statistics about the number of white collar crimes committed in
corporate America

B) Stories about white collar crime criminals in corporate America

C) Principles and contexts around white collar crime in corporate America

D) Expert opinions on why white collar crimes are committed in corporate
America

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The category of _______ includes facts, figures, and concepts
taken from primary and secondary texts.
A) transition

B) information

C) persuasive speech

D) commemorative speech



The category of _______ includes facts, figures, and concepts
taken from primary and secondary texts.
A) transition

B) information

C) persuasive speech


Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/information


_______ refers to insight that is gained from knowledge. This
category includes truth, opinion, and perception.
A) transition

B) informative speech

C) commemorative speech

D) wisdom



_______ refers to insight that is gained from knowledge. This
category includes truth, opinion, and perception.
A) transition



D) wisdom

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Familiarity or understanding of a particular skill, branch of
learning, etc.
A) persuasive speech

B) knowledge

C) topic outline

D) sentence outline



learning, etc.
A) persuasive speech

B) knowledge

C) topic outline

D) sentence outline

Wiktionary. "knowledge." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/knowledge


learning, etc.
A) topic

B) choose

C) interest

D) knowledge



learning, etc.
A) knowledge

B) co-located

C) psychographics

D) favorability



Knowledge, one of the three main registers of meaning, provides
which of the following material for a well-crafted speech?
A) Knowledge refers to insight that is gained from information.

B) Knowledge includes truth, opinion, and perception.

C) Knowledge includes acts, figures, and concepts taken from primary
and secondary texts.
D) Knowledge refers to the ideas that come from processing information,
rather than from the information itself.



The application of logical principles, rigorous standards of
evidence, and careful reasoning to the analysis and discussion of
claims, beliefs, and issues.
A) persuasive

B) networking

C) orator

D) critical thinking



The application of logical principles, rigorous standards of
evidence, and careful reasoning to the analysis and discussion of
claims, beliefs, and issues.
A) persuasive

B) networking

C) orator

D) critical thinking

Wiktionary. "critical thinking." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/critical+thinking


What is critical thinking?
A) Intentional, reflective thinking that helps you determine what to believe
and how to act on it.

B) Something that informs, persuades, demonstrates, or entertains.

C) All of these answers.

D) Successful delivery of a speech that relies on logical structure and
organization of thought.



What is critical thinking?
A) Intentional, reflective thinking that helps you determine what to believe
and how to act on it.

B) Something that informs, persuades, demonstrates, or entertains.


D) Successful delivery of a speech that relies on logical structure and
organization of thought.



Critical thinking consists of six key processes and actions. Which
of the following best describes the process of clarifying goals?
A) Before outlining your speech, consider exactly what you want to
accomplish.
B) Ask yourself if you have considered all the possible ways to present
your thesis and evidence.

C) Think about what actions you hope your speech will provoke.

D) Select the best possible evidence to support your thesis.



Which of the following is considered a connecting transition word
in a speech?
A) likewise

B) however

C) nevertheless

D) therefore



The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to
another.
A) anecdote

B) body language

C) transition




another.
A) anecdote

B) body language

C) transition


Wiktionary. "transition." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transition


another.
A) anecdote

B) transition

C) detour

D) draft



another.
A) transition

B) body language

C) sentence outline

D) detour



another.
A) informative speech

B) transition

C) wisdom

D) topic outline



another.

B) transition

C) wisdom

D) topic outline



another.
A) audience

B) brainstorming

C) reiterate

D) transition



The point in a speech that summarizes the main points and states
a strong thesis is called the
A) transition.

B) conclusion.

C) body.

D) introduction.



Which organizational patterns are useful for persuasive speaking?

A) Comparison/contrast

B) Problem-Cause-Solution

C) Psychological

D) All of the answers



Which organizational patterns are useful for persuasive speaking?

A) Comparison/contrast

B) Problem-Cause-Solution

C) Psychological

D) All of the answers

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A _______ makes a convincing case for its position or viewpoint.

A) transition

B) knowledge

C) wisdom

D) persuasive speech



A _______ makes a convincing case for its position or viewpoint.

A) transition

B) knowledge

C) wisdom

D) persuasive speech

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A _______ honors, celebrates, or remembers its subject.

A) knowledge

B) information


D) wisdom



A _______ honors, celebrates, or remembers its subject.

A) knowledge

B) information


D) wisdom

Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/commemorative-speech


An _______ educates the audience about its topic.

A) transition

B) knowledge

C) wisdom

D) informative speech



An _______ educates the audience about its topic.

A) transition

B) knowledge

C) wisdom


Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/informative-speech


A speech that should make a convincing case for its position is
referred to as a
A) informative speech.

B) categorical speech.

C) commemorative speech.

D) persuasive speech.



A _______ expresses the central ideas of a speech in complete
sentences.
A) sentence outline

B) transition


D) wisdom



A _______ expresses the central ideas of a speech in complete
sentences.
A) sentence outline

B) transition


D) wisdom

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A list used to present the main points or topics of a given subject,
often used as a rough draft or summary of the content of a
document.
A) prepare

B) coherent

C) draft

D) outline



document.
A) prepare

B) coherent

C) draft

D) outline

Wikipedia. "outline." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/outline


document.
A) outline

B) prepare

C) coherent

D) draft



Which of the following techniques is best for speech writers, who
prefer using flowcharts and "idea maps" to connect their facts and
ideas, before writing their speech?
A) Topic outlines

B) Cue cards

C) Sentence outlines

D) Brainstorming



document.
A) transition

B) outline

C) informative speech

D) information



A _______ is a hierarchical list of a speech's main points.
_______s use keywords and short phrases rather than complete
sentences.
A) transition

B) knowledge

C) topic outline

D) information



A _______ is a hierarchical list of a speech's main points.
_______s use keywords and short phrases rather than complete
sentences.
A) transition

B) knowledge

C) topic outline

D) information

Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/topic-outline


document.
A) wisdom

B) heterogeneous

C) outline

D) prepare



Which of the following best describes a commemorative speech?
A) A speech that assumes your audience already has preconceptions
about your topic.
B) A speech that provides a foundation of relevant information and
presents further useful knowledge.
C) A speech that compiles stories and wisdom to help honor, remember,
or celebrate something.

D) All of these answers.



Which of the following best describes a commemorative speech?
A) A speech that assumes your audience already has preconceptions
about your topic.
B) A speech that provides a foundation of relevant information and
presents further useful knowledge.
C) A speech that compiles stories and wisdom to help honor, remember,
or celebrate something.




Having the same composition throughout; of uniform make-up.

A) visual cue

B) homogeneous

C) textual cue

D) applicable



Having the same composition throughout; of uniform make-up.

A) visual cue

B) homogeneous

C) textual cue

D) applicable

Wiktionary. "homogeneous." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/homogeneous


Diverse in kind or nature; composed of diverse parts.

A) visual cue

B) textual cue

C) prepare

D) heterogeneous



Diverse in kind or nature; composed of diverse parts.

A) visual cue

B) textual cue

C) prepare

D) heterogeneous

Wiktionary. "heterogeneous." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heterogeneous


Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous
audience?
A) The attendees at a funeral.

B) A group of students at a large urban university.

C) The attendees at a public service awards ceremony.

D) A group of executives at a corporate retreat.



In order of time from the earliest to the latest

A) chronological

B) plagiarism

C) exposition

D) eloquence



In order of time from the earliest to the latest

A) chronological

B) plagiarism

C) exposition

D) eloquence

Wiktionary. "chronological." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chronological


A sub point has a direct, specific relation to its major point that you
can make clear by the organizational method you choose.
A) visual cue

B) textual cue

C) sub points

D) homogeneous



A sub point has a direct, specific relation to its major point that you
can make clear by the organizational method you choose.
A) visual cue

B) textual cue

C) sub points

D) homogeneous

Wiktionary. "sub points." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sub+points


Which of the following best describes how to order based on
cause and effect?
A) Proceed systematically from one place to the next, following a clear
order.

B) Identify a problem, followed by a possible solution.

C) Explain what causes something to happen, and the result of that
occurrence.
D) Take two or more entities and draw attention to their differences and/or
similarities.



When you outline your speech, you discover that your three main
points are supported by 1, 3, and 3 points respectively. What does
this indicate to you?
A) That you did not do enough research

B) That the body of your speech will be too short

C) That your main points will not be clear enough

D) That your speech lacks balance and proportion



A _______s is a signal the audience can see. Examples of
_______s include slides, handouts, charts, and also the speaker's
body language.
A) visual cue

B) conclusion

C) homogeneous

D) heterogeneous



A _______s is a signal the audience can see. Examples of
_______s include slides, handouts, charts, and also the speaker's
body language.
A) visual cue

B) conclusion

C) homogeneous

D) heterogeneous

Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/visual-cue


Which of the following is an example of highlighting using signal
words and phrases?
A) Use visual aids with key phrases so the words stay in place and the
audience is forced to remember.
B) Use words that command your audiences attention, such as
"important," "crucial," or "vital."

C) Use charts, graphs, and pictures to emphasize your main point.

D) Use your tone of voice as if it were putting the important words in your
speech in italics.



_______s are signals within the language of a speech: key words
and phrases, examples, anecdotes, and selections of text that
appear on a slide or handout.
A) homogeneous

B) heterogeneous

C) colloquial

D) textual cue



_______s are signals within the language of a speech: key words
and phrases, examples, anecdotes, and selections of text that
appear on a slide or handout.
A) homogeneous

B) heterogeneous

C) colloquial

D) textual cue

Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/textual-cue


A means of presenting one person to another.

A) anecdote

B) topic

C) introduction

D) credibility




A) anecdote

B) topic

C) introduction

D) credibility

Wiktionary. "introduction." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/introduction



A) toast

B) farewell

C) introduction

D) humble




A) toast

B) farewell

C) introduction

D) humble

Wiktionary. "introduction." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/introduction


A successful introduction should

A) establish your credibility.

B) All of these answers.

C) lay out a road map of your speech.

D) explain the relevance of your topic to your audience.



A successful introduction should

A) establish your credibility.


C) lay out a road map of your speech.

D) explain the relevance of your topic to your audience.



An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not
supported by scientific or statistical analysis.
A) segue

B) brainstorming

C) anecdote

D) transition



A) segue

B) brainstorming

C) anecdote

D) transition

Wiktionary. "anecdote." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anecdote


You have been invited to speak to a class of third graders (ages 8
or 9) on ways to avoid catching a cold. Which of the following
would be the most effective way to get the students’ attention at
the beginning of your speech?
A) Ask them “How many of you like catching colds?”

B) Tell a story about the time you got to skip school for a week because
you caught a bad cold.
C) Pretend to sneeze into your hand several times as you walk up to a
student. Then, wipe the back of that hand across your nose before
extending it to the student for a hand shake.

D) Provide data that show 2% of all colds progress to life-threatening
conditions like pneumonia or pleurisy.



Which of the following is a strong strategy for opening your
speech with panache?
A) State your topic and thesis.

B) Make a controversial or provocative statement.

C) List the main points you will make in your speech.




A) An anecdote

B) A demonstration

C) An example

D) A testimonial



A) scientific evidence

B) comprehendible

C) Median

D) anecdote



A) topic

B) anecdote

C) credibility

D) introduction



The objective and subjective components of the believability of a
source or message.
A) anecdote

B) credibility

C) topic

D) introduction



source or message.
A) anecdote

B) credibility

C) topic

D) introduction

Wikipedia. "credibility." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/credibility


source or message.
A) credibility

B) understanding

C) memory

D) mnemonic



source or message.
A) search engine

B) keyword

C) database

D) credibility



Which of the following is a method of gaining credibility,
specifically with a skeptical or hostile audience?
A) Refer to outside authorities that agree with your viewpoint.

B) Reveal a personal connection to your topic.


D) Identify a shared goal and return to that goal throughout the speech.



Why should you introduce your topic and state a thesis as early
as possible in your speech?
A) Your audience is unlikely to listen to your speech for longer than five
minutes.


C) After you grab your audience's attention, you only have a small
window to prove your speech's value.
D) If you wait to state your thesis, you will build your audience's
anticipation and excitement.



Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest.

A) anecdote

B) topic

C) credibility

D) introduction




A) anecdote

B) topic

C) credibility

D) introduction

Wiktionary. "topic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/topic


A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to
three sentences long.
A) anecdote

B) thesis

C) credibility

D) introduction



A) anecdote

B) thesis

C) credibility

D) introduction

http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/thesis


A) thesis

B) plagiarism

C) stereotype

D) eloquence



A) thesis

B) plagiarism

C) stereotype

D) eloquence

Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/thesis


A) purpose

B) thesis

C) specific

D) general



A) purpose

B) thesis

C) specific

D) general

http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/thesis



A) brainstorming

B) expert

C) topic

D) choose




A) topic

B) thesis

C) ethnocentrism

D) writer's block




A) brainstorming

B) expert

C) knowledge

D) topic



Suitable for application; relevant.

A) elaborate

B) applicable

C) concise

D) colloquial



Suitable for application; relevant.

A) elaborate

B) applicable

C) concise

D) colloquial

Wiktionary. "applicable." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/applicable


To make things compatible or consistent.

A) reconcile

B) elaborate

C) concise

D) colloquial



To make things compatible or consistent.

A) reconcile

B) elaborate

C) concise

D) colloquial

Wiktionary. "reconcile." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reconcile


Which of the following best describes the role of a conclusion in a
speech?
A) To summarize the main points of the speech

B) To lead into the Q&A session


D) To help the audience remember the primary message from the speech



When should a speaker summarize the main points of his or her
speech?
A) During the body of the speech

B) After the introduction

C) After restating the primary message of the speech

D) During the Q&A session



brief, yet including all important information

A) applicable

B) concise

C) reconcile

D) colloquial



brief, yet including all important information

A) applicable

B) concise

C) reconcile

D) colloquial

Wiktionary. "concise." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/concise


(used with on when used with an object) To give further detail or
explanation (about).
A) applicable

B) reconcile

C) elaborate

D) colloquial



(used with on when used with an object) To give further detail or
explanation (about).
A) applicable

B) reconcile

C) elaborate

D) colloquial

Wiktionary. "elaborate." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elaborate


Denoting a manner of speaking or writing that is characteristic of
familiar conversation; informal.
A) applicable

B) colloquial

C) reconcile

D) elaborate



Denoting a manner of speaking or writing that is characteristic of
familiar conversation; informal.
A) applicable

B) colloquial

C) reconcile

D) elaborate

Wiktionary. "colloquial." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/colloquial


The end, finish, close, or last part of something.

A) conclusion

B) applicable

C) reconcile

D) elaborate



The end, finish, close, or last part of something.

A) conclusion

B) applicable

C) reconcile

D) elaborate

Wiktionary. "conclusion." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conclusion


Which of the following is a technique speakers can use to signal
that he or she has reached the end of a speech?
A) By using the phrase "However"

B) By using the phrase "Finally"

C) By ending the speech abruptly

D) By offering to respond to questions



While managing a Q&A session following his presentation, Eric
found himself unable to answer a question posed by one of the
audience members. Which of the following tactics should Eric take
to maintain control of the session?
A) Promise to provide a more thorough answer at a later time

B) Improvise and make up an answer

C) Become hostile and defensive

D) Spend significant time on the question before responding



A diversion or deviation from one's original route.

A) detour

B) transition

C) body language




A diversion or deviation from one's original route.

A) detour

B) transition

C) body language


Wiktionary. "detour." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/detour


another.
A) body language

B) sentence outline

C) detour

D) transition



another.

B) wisdom

C) topic outline

D) transition



another.
A) transition

B) anecdote

C) detour

D) draft



another.
A) audience

B) brainstorming

C) transition

D) reiterate



Writers should fill in transitions during which step of the speech
writing process?
A) After creating an introduction and conclusion

B) After generating main points and organizing them strategically

C) Before developing a general premise

D) Before creating an introduction and conclusion



Which set of transitional devices are both varied and consistent?

A) Generally, as a rule, for example, in essence

B) Next, then, after, finally

C) Aside from, except, to put it differently, likewise

D) Comparatively, correspondingly, especially, likewise



Which set of transitional devices are both varied and consistent?

A) Generally, as a rule, for example, in essence

B) Next, then, after, finally

C) Aside from, except, to put it differently, likewise

D) Comparatively, correspondingly, especially, likewise

Saylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY
3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/


another.
A) body language

B) transition

C) sentence outline

D) detour



another.
A) transition


C) wisdom

D) topic outline



another.
A) audience

B) transition

C) brainstorming

D) reiterate



In the middle of his presentation, Dan stated, "Now that we have
discussed the three principles of sustainability, let's talk about
some examples of corporate social responsibility." Dan is using
which of the following types of transitional phrases in his
presentation?
A) Internal preview

B) Internal summary

C) Signpost

D) Numerical indication



Which of the following words/phrases is considered a transition?

A) And


C) Lastly

D) On the contrary



_______ is a form of mental and physical ability of human nonverbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures,
facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and
interpret such signals almost entirely subconsciously.
A) transition

B) textual cue

C) detour

D) body language



_______ is a form of mental and physical ability of human nonverbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures,
facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and
interpret such signals almost entirely subconsciously.
A) transition

B) textual cue

C) detour

D) body language

Wikipedia. "body language." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/body+language


another.
A) anecdote

B) detour

C) draft

D) transition



another.
A) body language

B) sentence outline

C) transition

D) detour


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