This document discusses various forms of physical violence against women, including honor killings, dowry deaths, and domestic violence. It provides definitions and examples of each issue, statistics from studies conducted in different countries, and information on efforts being made internationally and domestically to address these problems. However, more work is still needed as violence against women continues in many parts of the world.

1. By: Kalynn, Ashley, Kari, Mehgan, and Sarah. Physical Violence Against Women

2. PART 1 HONOR KILLINGS Information compiled by Ashley PART 2 DOWRY DEATHInformation compiled by Kari PART 3DOMESTIC VIOLENCEInformation compiled by Sarah Videos and Questions set up by Mehgan PowerPoint presented by Kalynn(Let us know if you have any questions about any of the following information) Physical Violence Against Women

3. PART 1HONOR KILLINGS

4. -“Honor crimes are acts of violence, usually murder, committed by male family members against female family members, who are held to have brought dishonor upon the family. A woman can be targeted by (individuals within) her family for a variety of reasons, including: refusing to enter into an arranged marriage, being the victim of a sexual assault, seeking a divorce — even from an abusive husband — or (allegedly) committing adultery. The mere perception that a woman has behaved in a way that "dishonors" her family is sufficient to trigger an attack on her life.” (“Honor” Killings) Honor KillingsDefinitions and Basic Facts

5. -Honor or Honour killings are specific to the Islam religion and have been documented in Bangladesh, Great Britain, Brazil, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Pakistan, Morocco, Sweden, Turkey, Uganda and recently, the US. (Mayell) -Although there is nothing written in the Koran (the book of basic Islamic teachings) authorizing honour killings, women are frequently viewed property to the males of their families irrespective of culture, ethnicity or class. Therefore, the fate of the women in the family is at the behest of the men. “The concept of ownership has turned women into a commodity which can be exchanged, bought and sold." (Mayell) Honor KillingsDefinitions and Basic Facts

6. -Legally in Egypt, the crimes committed in the name of dishonour serve very different punishments for men and women. If a man is convicted of murdering an adulterous wife, the Egyptian punishment is serving a maximum of 3 years in prison and often times culturally excused. In contrast, if a woman is convicted of murdering her unfaithful husband, the punishment is often a life sentence of intense and inequitable labour with a lifetime of cultural shame. (Budel) Honor Killings In Egypt

7. -Most honour killings occur in Upper Egypt, the Egyptian countryside, and in low-income urban neighborhoods; therefore, virginity in these areas is rigidly enforced. (Budel) -Other statistics provided by a recent study about female murders in Alexandria, Egypt, identified that 47% of the women killed after the woman had been raped. The researchers estimate that over 75% of the murders were in an effort to cleanse the family name and reinstate honour. (Mayell) Honor Killings In Egypt

8. - “Official statistics indicate that murders committed in defense of honour accounted for 5.4% of all the murders committed in 1997. In a four-month study for 1998, there were a total of 14 murders allegedly motivated by honour. Of those, five were motivated by mere suspicion, one case was motivated by the woman’s occupation (she was a dancer), and eight were by pregnancy resulting from adultery.”(Budel) Honor Killings In Egypt

9. Fathiyah was murdered by her brother, Khayri Muhammad, for not consenting to an abortion in order to “avoid bringing shame on her family and husband” who was working outside the country. In the presence of her four children, he locked Fathiyah in her bathroom, proceeded to pour a can of gasoline under the door and set it alight. He wanted to make sure she would be “completely charred”. Khayri Muhammad was only sentenced to three years hard labour, because the Court established through a pathologist that Fathiyah was in fact pregnant at the time of her death.(“Honor” Killings) Honor Killings

10. Ankara, Turkey -Ignoring the pleas of his 14-year old daughter to spare her life, MehmetHalitogullari pulled on a wire wrapped around her neck and strangled her - supposedly to restore the family's honor after she was kidnapped and raped... "I decided to kill her because our honor was dirtied," the newspaper Sabah quoted the father as saying. "I didn't listen to her pleas, I wrapped the wire around her neck and pulled at it until she died" (“Honor” Killings) A wife was shot in “a sensitive spot of her body” because her husband had doubts about her “behaviour”. She did not die. (Budel) Honor Killings

11. ThurayyaAbd-al-Hamid, a 37 year-old housewife, drowned in a pool of her own blood after her throat was slit by her brother, a government official. She was stabbed 160 times all over her body. Thurayya was murdered because of a rumour that she was going out with her brotherin-law while her husband was out of the country. (Budel) A young woman was killed by her brother because of her bad reputation in their village. However, a pathologist established that the young woman was a virgin. (Budel) Honor Killings

12. “The story of SamiaImran is one of the most widely cited cases used to illustrate the vulnerability of women in a culture that turns a blind eye to such practices. The case's high profile no doubt arises from the fact that the murder took place in broad daylight, was abetted by the victim's mother, who was a doctor, and occurred in the office of Asma Jahangir, a prominent Pakistani lawyer and the UN reporter on extrajudicial, summary, or arbitrary executions. In April 1999 Imran, a 28-year-old married woman seeking a divorce from her violent husband after 10 years of marriage, reluctantly agreed to meet her mother in a lawyers' office in Lahore, Pakistan. Imran's family opposed the divorce and considered her seeking a divorce to be shaming to the family's honor. (continued on next slide)… Honor Killings

13. Continued… Her mother arrived at the lawyer's office with a male companion, who immediately shot and killed Imran. Imran's father, who was president of the Chamber of Commerce in Peshawar, filed a complaint with the police accusing the lawyers of the abduction and murder of Imran. The local clergy issued fatwas (religious rulings) against both women and money was promised to anyone who killed them. The Peshawar High Court eventually threw out the father's suit. No one was ever arrested for Imran's death. Imran's case received a great deal of publicity, but frequently honor killings are virtually ignored by community members. In many cases, the women are buried in unmarked graves and all records of their existence are wiped out.”(Mayell) Honor Killings

14. - Unfortunately, domestic officials have claimed for years that nothing can be done to halt the practice because the concept of women's rights is not culturally relevant to deeply patriarchal societies.” Women are not allowed to defend their innocence and are offered little legal protection. (Mayell) -However, more is being done to tackle this type of violence at the international level. In 1994 the UN's Commission on Human Rights appointed a special rapporteur on violence against women, and both UNICEF and the UN Development Fund for Women have programs in place to address the issue. (Mayell) What is being done…

15. - But the politics of women's rights can be complex. Last year the special rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions was criticized by a coalition of member countries for including honor killings in her report, and a resolution condemning honor killings failed to pass. (Mayell) -In contrast to the efforts to end honor killings at the international level, police officers and prosecutors domestically need to put forth more effort to end the lunacy. Countries that don't recognize domestic violence as a crime at all need to bring their penal codes up to international standards. Increased public awareness and greater education about human rights would also help. (Mayell) -Some progress is being made to end this violence against women but the war is no where near over. What is being done…

16. Information sources Mayell, Hilary. "Thousands of Women Killed for Family "Honor"." National Geographic News 12/2/2002: n. pag. Web. 24 Jun 2010. <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/02/0212_020212_honorkilling_2.html>. Benninger-Budel, Carin. "Violence Against Women in Egypt." Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. World Organization Against Torture , 2 02 2001. Web. 9 Jun 2010. ""Honor" Killings." Amnesty Interational USA, 2010. Web. 24 Jun 2010. <http://www.amnestyusa.org/violence-against-women/stop-violence-against-women-svaw/honor-killings/page.do?id=1108230>. All picture sources 251." Honor Killings. Atlas Shruggs, 7/4/2010. Web. 24 Jun 2010. <http://atlasshrugs2000.typepad.com/honor_killings/>. Bibliography“Honor Killings”

17. PART 2DOWRY DEATH

18. This presentation will provide information and links to news stories relating to dowry death. Specifically, it will discuss: Dowry Demands Female Feticide Bride Burning Child Marriage Dowry Deaths

19. Dowry Dowry Although it is against the law, some women are required to pay a dowry to their husbands-to-be in exchange for marrying them. Some grooms and their families demand more money numerous times after the wedding as well. Physical abuse often results if dowry isn’t paid, sometimes murder. Suicide is not uncommon either. Most dowry abuse occurs in India Some parts of the country (the north) are worse than others. Reports of dowry has also been reported in Bangladesh and Pakistan.

21. In cases where the dowry is not paid, the wife is punishedby being burned to death so that the groom may remarry and attain dowry from a new bride. Their cause of deaths are often claimed to be from “kitchen fires” Bride Burning

22. Bride Burning Read CNN India article “Bride-burning claims hundreds in India” at http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9608/18/bride.burn/ Read India-Facts.com article “Bride Burning & Dowry” at http://india-facts.com/news/women-abuse/2008122150/bride-burning-dowry/ Watch video clips on wiki: “India Tonight: Bride Burning,” parts 1-3.

23. Child Marriages Girls live with their parents until puberty (sometimes younger), then are given away for marriage. Child marriages are illegal in India, but laws are not enforced. Child marriages occur both legally and illegally in other countries, but it is in India where it pertains to dowry. Many girls die in childbirth. Girls are sometimes expected to reproduce immediately as part of their spousal duties, regardless of their age. CNN.com/World says “Sometimes, financially strapped parents offer up their daughters for dowries. Once married, the girls are no longer a financial or moral burden to their parents.”

24. Child Marriages Watch video clips on wiki: Untold Stories: Wedlocked Parts 1 and 2

25. CNBC TV 18. India Tonight: Burning Women - Parts 1 -3. 9 March 2009. 24 June 2010 <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1ts2zF28O0>. CNN World News. Bride-burning claims hundreds in India. 18 August 1996. 24 June 2010 <http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9608/18/bride.burn/>. CNN.com World. Yemeni government defends efforts to end girls' marriages. 16 September 2009. 24 June 2010 <http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/09/16/yemen.girl.childbirth/index.html?iref=allsearch>. CNN.com/world. Child bride's nightmare after divorce. 4 September 2009. 24 June 2010 <http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/09/04/yemen.divorce.ime/index.html>. CNN.com/WORLD. India's female freefall. 19 June 2001. 24 June 2010 <http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/south/06/19/india.ultrasound/index.html>. India-facts.com. Bride Burning & Dowry. 21 December 2008. 24 June 2010 <http://india-facts.com/news/women-abuse/2008122150/bride-burning-dowry/>. Bibliography

26. PART 3Domestic Violence

27. Definition: Domestic violence and emotional abuse are behaviors used by one person in a relationship to control the other. Examples include: -name-calling or putdowns -keeping a partner from contacting their family or friends -withholding money -stopping a partner from getting a job -actual or threatened physical harm -sexual assault -stalking -intimidation -physical assault Domestic Violence

28. The National Coalition Against Violence (NCADV) is a coaltion at the local, state, regional, and national levels. NCADV works to eliminate domestic violence, empower battered women and children, promote and unify direct service programs, alert and educate the public, and promote partnership. NCADV serves also to impact public policy and legislation: Developing Victims of Crime Act Funds Passing the Violence Against Women Act and Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban Domestic Violence

29. A study done in 2002: cross sectional household survey based in Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe measured domestic physical violence through a survey, not meant to measure the severity or frequency. 18% (2,032/11,063) of women admitted to domestic physical violence in the last year Some potential causes associated with violence include income gaps between men and women, negative attitudes about sexuality and sexual violence (i.e. forcing your partner to have sex is not considered as rape), and potential dangers to HIV infection. Most consistent risk factor was having multiple partners Domestic Violence

30. “In eastern Nigeria, a clinic based survey of 300 women reported 40% had experience violence in the previous year.” In Uganda, 30% of 5109 women attending a clinic had received threats or physical abuse. “In Durban, South Africa, more than 1/3 of women from a low income community had experienced domestic violence at some stage.” Domestic Violence: An International Problem

31. Andersson, Neil, Ari Ho-Foster, Steve Mitchell, EscaScheepers, and Sue Goldstein. “Risk Factors for Domestic Physical Violence: National Cross-Sectional Household Surveys in Eight Southern African Countries.” BMC Women’s Health. 16 July 2007. 24 June 2010. <http://ezproxy.lib.uwstout.edu:2170/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4&hid=113&sid=88cb37a8-9fb2-4b04-bab9-0688e06a5f23%40sessionmgr113>. Creative Communications Group. Domestic Violence. 2009. 23 June 2010. <http://www.domesticviolence.org/>. National Coalition Against Domestic Violence. Changing Faces of the Movement: NCADV’s and NOMAS’ Collaborative Conference on Ending Violence. 2009. 23 June 2010. <http://www.ncadv.org/>. Domestic Violence Bibliography