This document discusses C++ input/output manipulators. It introduces manipulators as instructions that modify output streams. There are two types - non-argument manipulators like endl, and argument manipulators like setw() and setfill(). Endl not only moves to a new line but flushes the output buffer. Setw() sets a minimum field width for output, and setfill() fills any unused space in that field with a specified character. Sample programs demonstrate using these manipulators.

1. Manipulators
INTRODUCTION
2. ENDL
3. SETW()
4. SETFILL()
1.
Compiled By: Kamal Acharya

2. Introduction
 Manipulators are instructions to the output stream
that modify the output in various ways.
 They are of two types one taking arguments and
other without arguments
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Non-argument manipulators Eg. Endl
Argumented manipulators Eg. Setw(),setfill()
Compiled By: Kamal Acharya

3. Endl
 Its function is the same as the “n” in C.
 More then that it not only transfer the control to the
new line but also flush the output buffer.
Compiled By: Kamal Acharya

4. Setw()
 This manipulator sets the minimum field width on
output
 SYNTAX:
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Setw(x);
It causes the number or string that follows to be printed within
the field x.
The header file <iomanip.h> should be included while using it.
The content is right justified
For left justification –x should be used
Compiled By: Kamal Acharya

5. Sample Program
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
int main()
{
clrscr();
cout<<setw(10)<<"Check"<<endl;
cout<<setw(-10)<<"Check"<<endl;
getch();
return 0;
}
Compiled By: Kamal Acharya

6. Setfill()
 This is used after setw() manipulator.
 It fills up the unused field assigned by the setw()
manipulators with the character passed as argument
to it.
 SYNTAX:

Setfill(‘$’);
Compiled By: Kamal Acharya

7. Sample Program
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
int main()
{
clrscr();
cout<<setw(10)<<setfill('$')<<"Check"<<endl;
cout<<setw(-10)<<setfill('$')<<"Check"<<endl;
getch();
return 0;
}
Compiled By: Kamal Acharya