1. Housing: How to Provide Homes for All?
Why does housing
shortage occur?
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2. Reasons for
housing shortage
Rapid population growth
Migration
High birth rates
Competing land use
Limited land supply
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6. Rapid population growth
Rapid population
growth will lead to an
increased demand
for housing, which
can in turn lead to
housing shortage
Overall world
population
(represented by the
beige bars) is
increasing
The urban population
of the world
(represented by the
blue line) is on the
rise
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7. Migration
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‘Migration
refers to the
movement
of people
from one
area to
another to
take up
residence
for at least a
year.’
8. Migration
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‘Rural-urban migration refers to
the movement of people from
rural areas into cities to live and
work.’
9.
10.
11.
12. Migration
People migrate due to ‘push’ or ‘pull’
factors
Push factors: The undesirable qualities
of the place they wish to leave
Pull factors: The attractive qualities of
the place they would like to move to
The decision to migrate is often due to a
combination of both factors
13. Effects of Migration
People in rural areas often migrate to cities for
job opportunities in search of a better life
Migrants do not always get jobs in cities
There are a limited number of jobs for migrants
Migrants may lack the skills required for jobs
available in the cities
Migrants who cannot obtain a source of income
cannot afford housing
Cities cannot build enough houses for huge
numbers of migrants quickly enough, causing
them to settle in slums
14. High birth rates
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‘Birth rate refers to the number
of live births for every 1,000
people in a year.’
15.
16. High birth rates
High birth rates and declining death rates result
in high rates of natural increase
Natural increase: The difference between birth
rate and death rate in a year
Birth rates in cities may be high
Cities tend to have a large proportion of people in
their 20s and 30s who are likely to start families
The increase in population may thus lead to
housing shortage
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17.
18. Competing land use
Land has many uses – Residential ,
Commercial, Industrial, Recreational
Land dedicated for one use will not be available
for another
Example: If a piece of land is occupied by a
huge industrial park, that plot of land will not be
available for housing development.
Stiff competition for land can result in
insufficient land for housing
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19.
20. Limited land supply
The amount of flat land is limited
Steep slopes are not ideal for housing development
Cost of construction tends to be high
Landslides can cause damage to buildings
Cities with very small land areas may have
insufficient land for housing
There is a limit to how much land can be reclaimed
from the seas
Cities with high population densities need to
house more people in a small area
Large population size vs limited land areas20
