African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is a protozoan disease transmitted to humans via the bite of an infected tsetse fly. It is caused by two species of the protozoa Trypanosoma brucei, which are T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense. The disease causes symptoms like fever, rashes, headaches, and fatigue. It is mostly found in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Prevention methods include wearing protective clothing, inspecting vehicles for tsetse flies, and using insect repellent. Treatment depends on the species and involves drugs like pentamidine, suramin, eflornithine,

1. BIOLOGY
PROTOZOAN DISEASE :
TRYPANOSOMIASIS

2. African Trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis or sleep sickness is a
protozoan disease of human and other
animals It is caused by protozoa of the
species Trypanosoma brucei There are two
types that infect humans,
Trypanosomabrucie gambiense (T.b.g) and
Trypanosomabrucie rhodesiense (T.b.r.)T.b.g
causes over 98% of reported cases. and are
most common in rural areas.

3. Pathogenesis
flagellate protozoa

4. Transmitted through : tsetse fly
Both t.b.g. and t.b.r are usually
transmitted by the bite of an infected
tsetse fly

5. Trypanosomiasis mostly found in rural
areas of sub-Saharan Africa.

6. SYMPTOMS
• Fever
• rashes
• swelling of the face and hands
• headaches
• fatigue
• aching muscles and joints
• itching skin and swollen lymph nodes
• Weight loss

7. PREVENTION
• Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants of
medium-weight material in neutral colors
that blend with the background environment.
• .Inspect vehicles before entering.
• .Avoid bushes.
• Use insect repellent

8. Treatment
• First stage :intravenous or intramuscular
pentamidine for T. b. g or intravenous suramin
for T. b. r
• Second stage: for T. b.g intravenous
eflornithine or the combination of nifurtimox
and eflornithine and melarsoprol for t.b.r

9. Done by :
Keerthana Ramesh
IX C
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