2. 3-Point Lighting3-Point Lighting
3-Point lighting is the lighting technique used by
cinematographers on most professional productions. It
is easy to understand but it takes a lifetime to master.
In addition to 3-Point lighting, there
are also 5-Point and 7-Point lighting
scenarios which we will also discuss
and analyze.
3. 3-Point Lighting3-Point Lighting
Just as it sounds, 3-Point lighting refers to lighting the
subject from three angles. The lighting positions are
referred to as the Key Light, the Fill Light and the Back
Light .
4. 3-Point Lighting3-Point Lighting
•3-
3-Point lighting refers to lighting
the subject from three angles.
The lighting positions are
referred to as the Key Light,
the Fill Light and the Back Light .Camera
5. 3-Point Lighting3-Point Lighting
3-Point lighting refers
to lighting the subject
from three angles.
The lighting positions
are referred to as the
Key Light,
the Fill Light and
the Back Light .
Camera
600w Key Light
6. 3-Point Lighting3-Point Lighting
3-Point lighting refers
to lighting the subject
from three angles.
The lighting positions
are referred to as the
Key Light, the Fill Light
and the Back Light .
Camera
600w Key Light 300w Fill Light
7. 3-Point Lighting3-Point Lighting
Just as it sounds,
3-Point lighting
refers to lighting
the subject from
three angles.
The lighting positions
are referred to as the
Key Light, the Fill Light
and the Back Light .
Camera
150w Back Light
600w Key Light 300w Fill Light
8. 3-Point Lighting3-Point Lighting
The Key and Back lights are roughly 45o
from the
camera axis. Like all rules, this rule is made to be
broken as you will see in the upcoming lighting
scenarios.
Camera
150w Back Light
600w Key Light 300w Fill Light
45o
9. 3-Point Lighting3-Point Lighting
The Key and Back lights are roughly 45o
from the
camera axis. Like all rules, this rule is made to be
broken as you will see in the upcoming lighting
scenarios.
Camera
150w Back Light
600w Key Light 300w Fill Light
45o
45o
10. 3-Point Lighting3-Point Lighting
The Key light is generally twice the intensity of the Fill
light which is twice the intensity of the Back light.
Again, these numbers are very general and vary
depending on the application.
Camera
150w Back Light
600w Key Light 300w Fill Light
11. 3-Point Lighting3-Point Lighting
The Key light is generally twice the intensity of the Fill
light which is twice the intensity of the Back light.
Again, these numbers are very general and vary
depending on the application.
Camera
150w Back Light
600w Key Light 300w Fill Light
12. 3-Point Lighting3-Point Lighting
The Key light is generally twice the intensity of the Fill
light which is twice the intensity of the Back light.
Again, these numbers are very general and vary
depending on the application.
Camera
150w Back Light
600w Key Light 300w Fill Light
13. The most common type of lighting instrument used in
film and television is the Fresnel. The Fresnel is named
for the inventor of the lens which was originally
designed for lighthouses.
Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
The Fresnel lens has concentric rings that
help focus and direct the light. Most
Fresnels utilize tungsten globes or lamps
(not bulbs). Tungsten refers to the steel used
in the filament inside the globe.
14. The most common type of lighting instrument used in
film and television is the Fresnel. The Fresnel is named
for the inventor of the lens which was originally
designed for lighthouses.
Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
The Fresnel lens has concentric rings that
help focus and direct the light. Most
Fresnels utilize tungsten globes or lamps
(not bulbs). Tungsten refers to the steel used
in the filament inside the globe.
15. The most common type of lighting instrument used in
film and television is the Fresnel. The Fresnel is named
for the inventor of the lens which was originally
designed for lighthouses.
Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
The Fresnel lens has concentric rings that
help focus and direct the light. Most
Fresnels utilize tungsten globes or lamps
(not bulbs). Tungsten refers to the steel used
in the filament inside the globe.
16. The most common type of lighting instrument used in
film and television is the Fresnel. The Fresnel is named
for the inventor of the lens which was originally
designed for lighthouses.
Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
The Fresnel lens has concentric rings that help
focus and direct the light. Most Fresnels utilize
tungsten globes or lamps (not bulbs). Tungsten
refers to the steel used in the filament inside the
globe.
17. Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
The Fresnels made by Mole Richardson have been the
workhorses of the film industry for the past 30-40 years.
All Fresnels are constructed similarly and it is important
to learn the parts of these popular lighting instruments.
Mole Richardson
18. Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
The Fresnels made by Mole Richardson have been the
workhorses of the film industry for the past 30-40 years.
All Fresnels are constructed similarly and it is important
to learn the parts of these popular lighting instruments.
Mole Richardson
19. Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
The Fresnels made by Mole Richardson have been the
workhorses of the film industry for the past 30-40 years.
All Fresnels are constructed similarly and it is important
to learn the parts of these popular lighting instruments.
Mole Richardson
20. Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
In addition to Mole Richardson, Fresnels are also
manufactured by a number of other companies
including Arriflex (Arri), Bardwell McCallister, LTM and
DeSisti. They range in intensity from 125 watts to over
20,000 watts.
DeSisti FresnelLTM FresnelBardwell-McAlisterArri Fresnel
21. Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
In addition to Mole Richardson, Fresnels are
also manufactured by a number of other
companies including Arriflex (Arri), Bardwell
McCallister, LTM and DeSisti. They range in
intensity from 125 watts to over 20,000 watts.
DeSisti FresnelLTM FresnelBardwell-McAlisterArri Fresnel
22. Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
In addition to Mole Richardson, Fresnels are also
manufactured by a number of other companies
including Arriflex (Arri), Bardwell McCallister, LTM and
DeSisti. They range in intensity from 125 watts to over
20,000 watts.
DeSisti FresnelLTM FresnelBardwell-McAlisterArri Fresnel
23. Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
In addition to Mole Richardson, Fresnels are also
manufactured by a number of other companies
including Arriflex (Arri), Bardwell McCallister, LTM and
DeSisti. They range in intensity from 125 watts to over
20,000 watts.
DeSisti FresnelLTM FresnelBardwell-McAlisterArri Fresnel
24. Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
In addition to Mole Richardson, Fresnels are also
manufactured by a number of other companies
including Arriflex (Arri), Bardwell McCallister, LTM and
DeSisti. They range in intensity from 125 watts to over
20,000 watts.
DeSisti FresnelLTM FresnelBardwell-McAlisterArri Fresnel
25. Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
The other type of lights commonly used in the motion
picture business are referred to as HMI’s (Hydrargyum
Medium Arc-Length Iodide). HMI’s produce daylight
color temperature light very efficiently due to their
unique ballast system.
26. Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
HMI’s are available as both Fresnels and PAR
(Parabolic Aluminized Reflector) spot lights. Their
output per watt is almost 2X greater that that of
tungsten instruments, they have a lower operating
temperature and come in a range of wattage.
27. Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
HMI’s are available as both Fresnels and PAR
(Parabolic Aluminized Reflector) spot lights. Their
output per watt is almost 2X greater that that of
tungsten instruments, they have a lower operating
temperature and come in a range of wattage.
28. Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
HMI’s are available as both Fresnels and PAR
(Parabolic Aluminized Reflector) spot lights. Their
output per watt is almost 2X greater that that of
tungsten instruments, they have a lower operating
temperature and come in a range of wattage.
29. Types of LightingTypes of Lighting
HMI’s are available as both Fresnels and PAR
(Parabolic Aluminized Reflector) spot lights. Their
output per watt is almost 2X greater that that of
tungsten instruments, they have a lower operating
temperature and come in a range of wattage.
30. Lighting 101Lighting 101
THREE BASIC ATTRIBUTES of LIGHT
• Coherence (Quality)
Hard and Soft Light
• Color Temperature
Daylight and Tungsten
• Intensity
Wattage and Output
Foot Candles and Lumens
31. Lighting 101Lighting 101
HARD LIGHT
Light is transmitted directly from a small
point source and results in relatively
coherent (parallel) rays. This gives the light
a hard, crisp, sharply defined appearance.
The light from a clear, unfrosted light bulb,
a focused spotlight, or the sun in a clear
sky are hard light sources
32. Hard Lighting Instruments
Lighting 101Lighting 101
LTM
PAR
Light
Ianiro
“Red Head”
ETC Source 4
Leko Spotlight
Mole
Open Face
Ianiro
“Blonde”
33. SOFT LIGHT
Lighting 101Lighting 101
Soft (diffused) light has the opposite effect. As
shown in the photo on the left, soft light tends
to hide surface irregularities and minimize
detail.
There are numerous techniques used to soften
or diffuse hard light sources.
34. SOFT LIGHTING INSTRUMENTS
Lighting 101Lighting 101
China Balls
“Chimera”
Soft Boxes
Mole Richardson
Fresnel
LED Lighting
Ziplight
or Soft Light
KinoFlo Diva Fluorescent
35. CONTROLLING COHERENCE
Diffusion refers to the practice of
softening hard light with diffusers. A
common type of diffuser is silk fabric
stretched in a frame. Small diffusion
frames are called flags, 6x6 to 8x8
frames are butterflies and the 12x12 to
20x20 frames are called overheads.
Lighting 101Lighting 101
36. CONTROLLING COHERENCE
Diffusion refers to the practice of
softening hard light with diffusers. A
common type of diffuser is silk fabric
stretched in a frame. Small diffusion
frames are called flags, 6x6 to 8x8
frames are butterflies and the 12x12 to
20x20 frames are called overheads.
Lighting 101Lighting 101
37. Controlling Coherence
Filters also known as lenses are
attached to open-face lights
(especially HMI’s) to help diffuse
and direct the light. A set of lenses
usually includes a spot, a fresnel, a
“stipple” and one or two wide
angles.
Lighting 101Lighting 101
38. CONTROLLING COHERENCE
Diffusion also refers to many types of
gels (plastic filters) that are used to soften
and reduce the intensity of lights.
Some popular diffusing gels are frosts
(250 and 216 and Hampshire ), grid
cloth, opal, and toughspun. Gels are
attached to barn doors with
clothespins (C-47’s or bullets).
Lighting 101Lighting 101
39. CONTROLLING COHERENCE
Diffusion also refers to many types of gels
(plastic filters) that are used to soften
and reduce the intensity of lights.
Some popular diffusing gels are frosts
(250 and 216 and Hampshire ), grid
cloth, opal, and toughspun. Gels are
attached to barn doors with
clothespins (C-47’s or bullets).
Lighting 101Lighting 101
40. CONTROLLING COHERENCE
Diffusion also refers to many types of gels
(plastic filters) that are used to soften and
reduce the intensity of lights. Some
popular diffusing gels are frosts (250 and
216 and Hampshire ), grid cloth, opal, and
toughspun. Gels are attached to barn doors
with clothespins (C-47’s or bullets).
Lighting 101Lighting 101
41. Color Temperature
The second attribute of light, color
temperature, refers to its basic color as
measured in degrees on the Kelvin color
temperature scale (Ko
).
Lighting 101Lighting 101
42. COLOR TEMPERATURE
Although light can be any color
between ultraviolet and
infrared, There are two colors
we are concerned with:
5,600o
K for daylight and
3,200o
K for tungsten lamps.
Camcorders are programmed
with these two values as their
white balance presets.
Lighting 101Lighting 101
Infrared
Ultraviolet
5600o
K
3200o
K
43. COLOR TEMPERATURE
Tungsten lights operate at 3,200o
K while
HMI’s burn at 5,600o
K. To match a
tungsten instrument with daylight or an
HMI, we attach a CTB (color
temperature blue) color correction gel
to the light. To match an HMI with
tungsten we attach CTO (color
temperature orange).
Lighting 101Lighting 101
44. CONTROLLING INTENSITY
Dimmers are the traditional way to
control the intensity of lights.
Unfortunately, as the wattage
decreases, the color
temperature decreases as well.
Dimmers come in sizes ranging
from 600 watts called “hand
squeezers” to dimmers that can
handle 20,000 watts.
Lighting 101Lighting 101
45. CONTROLLING INTENSITY
Scrims resemble a frame of finely-
woven screen wire like that
found in a screen door. A full set
includes two doubles, a single, a
half-single, a half-double and a
gel frame. Adding a single
reduces the light's intensity by
30% and a double reduces it by
60%.
Lighting 101Lighting 101
46. CONTROLLING INTENSITY
Like scrims, some flags (called nets)
can reduce the intensity of a light
without changing the color temperature.
In addition to a single net and a double
net, a full set of flags includes two
solids, and a silk. One side of some
flags is open to make it easier to blend
the shadow.
Lighting 101Lighting 101