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A brief history of the philippine art 1.0
- 1. A Brief History to Philippine Arts Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions
- 2. Contents Arts of Different Eras; •* Pre – Conquest •* Islamic Colonial Period •* Spanish Colonial Period •* American Colonial Period •* Japanese Colonial Period and the Post War Republic •* 1970s and the Contemporary Artworks and Forms, Artist and Artisans, and; Contributions to Philippine Industry and Development
- 4. Philippine Art Timeline 890 BC 890 BC 225 AD Pre - Conquest 890 BC – 225 AD 01 1 AD 1521 Islamic Colonial Islam(s) of Mindanao 13th Century - Present 02 15th Century Q1 Q4 Spanish Colonial Spaniards 1521 - 1898 03 American Colonial American Colonizers 1898 - 1940 04 2000 Q2 Post War Republic Japanese Colonizers 1946 - 1969 70s Marcos Regime 1970 06 Present 2018 13th Century Contemporary Short Description 2018 (Present Tiimes) 05 1898 1946 1970
- 5. Pre-Conquest 890 BC – 255 AD Photo CC BY 2.0
- 6. Historical Overview • In art historical terms, we refer to art before the coming of the first colonizers as “pre-conquest.” Referred to it as “indigenous” to emphasize the idea that our ancestors. • Art before is referred to as an expression of an individual but yet not categorized into different kinds of forms until the next slides conveys.
- 7. Historical Overview • Example of everyday expressions are the following: - Rituals (planting, harvesting, rites of passage, funerary, ceremonies, weddings); - Hunting, and etc.
- 8. Historical Overview • A series of topics about the following will be tackled on: • Rituals • Music • Dance • Carving • Pottery • Weaving • Body Ordamentation
- 9. Rituals Kashawing - Lake Lanao in Mindanao Every Thirteenth Moon (Tagbanwa)- Palawan Cañao or Kanyaw - Cordillera Autonomous Region
- 10. Hunting The pre-colonial Filipino hunted food and game that were shared among members of a community in a gathering where they told stories about the hunt.
- 14. NATIVE DANCES Pangalay (Sulu Archipelago) mimetic of the movement of seabirds
- 16. NATIVE DANCES Banog-banog (Mandayas’kinabua of Mindanao) movement of hawk
- 18. NATIVE DANCES Man-manok (Bagobos of Mindanao) movements of predatory birds
- 20. NATIVE DANCES Talip dance (Ifugaos) movements of wild fowls
- 22. NATIVE DANCES Kadaliwas dance (T’bolis) comedic movements of monkeys
- 24. NATIVE DANCES Tinikling (Tagalog folk dance) evocative of the movements of the crane
- 26. Carving
- 27. Carving • Bulul – Cordilleras • Hagabi - Ifugaos
- 28. Carving • Santos - Laguna and Pampanga • Okir - Southern Philippines
- 30. Pottery
- 31. Pottery - Anthropomorphic Jars •Manunggul Jar – (890 – 710 BC) •Metal Age (5 BC–225 AD)
- 34. *Pagbuburnay in Vigan - valued part of the creative industry Ilokanos have.
- 36. Weaving
- 37. Textile Weaving
- 38. Weaving Purpose: - reverence for spirits and nature - criteria for the beautiful - societies’sociopolitical structures
- 39. Weaving Made from: fibers - cotton, abaca, and pineapple leaves pigments - clay, roots, and leaves.
- 40. Textile Weaving Pis Siyabit Malong Langkit
- 41. Weaving aside from body ormnaments, weaving is also essential for productivity of natives like baskets and mat weaving.
- 42. Product Weaving
- 43. Product Weaving Head Sling Baskets Bubo Tepo Mats
- 45. Body Ordamentations • A manuscript - Boxer Codex - sometimes known as the Manila Manuscript, is a manuscript written c. 1590, which contains illustrations of ethnic groups in the Philippines at the time of their initial contact with the Spaniards - representations of various ethnolinguistic groups, where the following are classified: Upper class Tagalog - gold jewelry Visayans - tattoo
- 46. Boxer Codex
- 47. Body Ordamentations •Tattoos •a means protection of an individual from evil spirit •a badge of maturity and bravery •Provinces like Kalinga, Kankanay, Ibaloy, and Ifugao - practiced tattooing
- 48. Body Ordamentations • Jewelry - make the wearer more attractive & pleasing to the gods. - T’boli - wear brass chains, bells, and colorful beads
- 49. Body Ordamentations •Metalworks like lotoans or betel nut boxes are made of brass or bronze (Maranao of Lanao del Sur)
- 50. Body Ordamentations lost wax or cire perdue - metal casting, moulds filled with liquefied metal, hardens • Other vessels - brass kendi and the gadur, status symbols or as heirloom pieces Gadur Kendi
- 52. Islamic Colonial 15th Century - Present
- 53. Historical Overview Islam, which is entrenched in Southern Philippines is already culturally dominant and strong and said to have gained significant grounding in Sulu as early as the 13th century
- 54. Historical Overview •A series of topics about the following will be tackled on: History of Islam and Development Islamic Influence in Arts Art Influence of Islams in Architechture
- 55. Story Telling (History of Islam and Development)
- 56. Sayyid Abbubakar of Arabia 15th Century
- 69. Influence on Arts FILIPINO MUSLIMS BELIEVES THAT THEY BELONG TO AN “UMMAH” - COMMUNITY OF BELIEVERS DOCTRINE OF TAWHID - UNITY OF GOD
- 70. Influence on Arts • impermanence of nature & incomprehensible greatness of the divine Being.
- 71. Influence on Arts • Prof. Abraham Sakili, introduced two aspects of reality: - object perceived by the ordinary sense - sense of nothingness - a space or a void empty - Which evoke that God is above and beyond all thing
- 72. Art Influence of Islams in Architechture
- 73. Architechture • Considering the goal of negating materiality in the interior of mosques having elaborate patterning which reliefs to draw the attention away from concrete object like human forms and nature “toward the contemplation of the divine.”
- 74. Architecture • Philippine Muslims organize space in architecture with parts of the mosque like the mihrab or niche & Qibla wall • It is toward the west - may it be in Sultan Kudarat or in Quiapo, Manila
- 76. Architecture • Having dome - how the order of the universe is imagined - As the central feature - “all levels of cosmic existence“ - octagonal base - the spirit - four-sided main base - earth or material world
- 77. Architecture • Ka’bah - black shrine is said built by the Prophet Muhammad - reference point for the Qiblah - direction - faced - a Muslim prays • Area for water supply - function of ablution, or cleansing before one enters - Mosque
- 78. Architecture • Islamic forms would project, grow, or have an upward orientation - for heaven and to veer from the “material earth.” • panolong - carved protrusion akin to a wing attached to the torogan, torogan - royal house of the Maranao
- 79. Architecture • Aside from the mythical sarimanok; the burraq, a horse with the head of a woman is the Prophet - ascension to heaven
Editor's Notes
- 3 goddesses descend from heaven to bless the planting of rice * shamans - ritual chanting and dancing *entrails are read through a process of divination that is performed either for healing, to announce the birth of a child, or a coming of age, during wakes, weddings, and burial ceremonies *a reenactment of the pact - ancestors of the community and the unseen spirits that inhabit the lake.
- imitated the movement of animals and prey, and the sounds that they made. In this simple activity alone evolved ritual, music, dance, theater and yes, even literature. gathered and feasted - form of ritual. When they told stories about the hunt - beginnings of literature imitated the movements - theater or play acting add drum beating and attach a rhythm to their movements - music and dance.
- mimetic of the movement of seabirds movement of hawk
- mimetic of the movement of seabirds movement of hawk
- movements of predatory birds movements of wild fowls
- movements of predatory birds movements of wild fowls
- comedic movements of monkeys
- evocative of the movements of the crane
- granary god - important role in rituals wooden bench - socioeconomic status of the owner
- secular or non-religious orientation
- sarimanok the naga or serpent the pako rabong or fern panolong or protruding beams of the sultan’s house - torogan sunduk - grave markers - as well as marking for ceremonial boats
- Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point, Palawan two anthropomorphic or human forms atop the lid: boatman & deceased charge - as a metaphor of travel to the afterlife Another anthropomorphic burial jars Ayub Cave in Maitum, Saranggani province
- palayok - for cooking banga - containers tapayan - fermenting food or keeping liquids
- Philippine ethnolinguistic groups not only functional, they also impart knowledge about people’s belief system
- pis siyabit - headpiece - Tausug of Sulu malong - exquisite tapestry panels called langkit - Maranao of Lanao del Sur
- baskets made of nito and bamboo - Itbayat, Batanes - head sling to carry harvests - bubo - Ilocos region - bamboo strips are woven to create fish traps tepo mat - Sama of Tawi-Tawi - pandan leaves
- Visayas as “Islas de los Pintados"
- kendi - pouring liquids - round body with no handle - gadur - container - tapered top, a round body, and a flared base.
- Arrival of Sayyid Abbubakar of Arabia - 15th century - turn of events -
- married Princess Piramisuli, daughter of Rajah Baguinda -
- married Princess Piramisuli, daughter of Rajah Baguinda -
- father-in-law died, Abubakar succeeded
- father-in-law died, Abubakar succeeded
- - established the Sultanate of Sulu -
- Introducing holy texts via the holy book of Quran and building a house of prayer - was recognized for building a religious school - madrasa - teaching of Arabic writing - 16th century
- Natives from Zamboanga and Yakans from Basilan - converted to Islam -
- teachers - from Jolo, Sulu - practitioners from nearby regions like Brunei.
- Islamization process in Mindanao strengthened - driving force - natives to resist centuries of Spanish colonization
- religion and as a way of life - Tausug, Maranao, Maguindanao, Yakan, Samal, Badjao, to name a few; as well as some areas in Palawan.
- Islamic art - influenced by the notion of the Tawhid Islam, divine unity - abstract forms & patterns - engage in mental concentration
- - requirement - Islamic buildings - oriented toward Mecca - oneness with the larger Islamic community.
- okir - employed in woodcarving
- okir - employed in woodcarving