Geo technical Engineering

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Introduction to Geotechnical
Engineering
ground

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Typical Geotechnical Project
construction site
Geo-Laboratory
~ for testing
Design Office
~ for design & analysis
soilsamples
soil properties
design details

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bed rock
firm
ground
Shallow Foundations
~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground
~ mostly for firm soils or light loads

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Shallow Foundations

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bed rock
weak soil
Deep Foundations
P
I
L
E
~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground
~ mostly for weak soils or heavy loads

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Deep Foundations
Driven timber piles, Pacific Highway

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Retaining Walls
~ for retaining soils from spreading laterally
Road
Train
retaining
wall

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Earth Dams
~ for impounding water
soil
reservoir
clay
core shell

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Concrete Dams
reservoir
soil
concrete dam

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Concrete Dams
Three Gorges Dam, Hong Kong

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Concrete Dams

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Earthworks
Roadwork, Pacific Highway
~ preparing the ground prior to construction

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Construction hazard
~ an unwelcome visitor at an earthwork site.
A dead Anaconda python (courtesy: J. Brunskill)
What does it have
to do with Geo?#!

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Geofabrics
~ used for reinforcement, separation, filtration and
drainage in roads, retaining walls, embankments…
Geofabrics used on Pacific Highway

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Reinforced Earth Walls
~ using geofabrics to strengthen the soil

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Soil Nailing
~ steel rods placed into holes drilled into the walls
and grouted

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Sheet Piles
~ sheets of interlockingsteel or timber driven into
the ground, forming a continuous sheet
ship
warehouse
sheet pile

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Sheet Piles
~ resist lateral earth pressures
~ used in excavations, waterfront structures, ..

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Sheet Piles
~ used in temporary works

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Sheet Piles
~ interlocking sections

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Cofferdam
~ sheet pile walls enclosing an area, to
prevent water seeping in

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Landslides

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Shoring
propping and supporting the exposed walls to
resist lateral earth pressures

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Tunneling

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Blasting
For ore recovery in mines

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Ground Improvement
Impact Roller to Compact the Ground

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Ground Improvement
Sheepsfoot Roller to Compact Clay Soils

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Ground Improvement
Smooth-wheeled Roller

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Ground Improvement
Big weights dropped
from 25 m, compacting
the ground.
Craters formed in compaction

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Environmental Geomechanics
Waste Disposal in Landfills

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Instrumentation
~ to monitor the performances of earth and
earth supported structures
~ to measure loads, pressures, deformations,
strains,…

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Soil Testing
Cone Penetration Test Truck – Lavarach Barracks, Townsville

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Soil Testing
More Field Tests
Standard Penetration TestVane Shear Test

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Soil Testing
Triaxial Test on Soil Sample in Laboratory

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Soil Testing
Variety of Field Testing Devices

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Typical Safety Factors
Type of Design Safety
Factor
Probability of
Failure
Earthworks 1.3-1.5 1/500
Retaining
structures
1.5-2.0 1/1500
Foundations 2.0-3.0 1/5000

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Some unsung heroes of Civil Engineering…
… buried right under your feet.
foundations soil
exploration
tunneling

39. Great Contributors to the Developments
in Geotechnical Engineering

40. Karl Terzaghi
1883-1963
C.A.Coulomb
1736-1806
WJM Rankine
1820-1872 A.Casagrande
1902-1981
L. Bjerrum
1918-1973
A.W.Skempton
1914-
G.F.Sowers
1921-1996
G.A. Leonards
1921-1997
Siva’s teacher in USA –
deserves gold frame
Siva’s teacher in USA –
deserves gold frame

41. Geotechnical Engineering Landmarks

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Leaning Tower of Pisa
Our blunders become monuments!

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Hoover Dam, USA
Tallest (221 m) concrete dam

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Petronas Tower, Malaysia
Tallest building in the
world

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and….
Monuments

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Some Suggestions
Thou shall not wait till the last minute.

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Exams
My mama always said, “Exam is like a box
of chocolates; you never know what you
are gonna get”

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Geo-engineering at JCU
CS2005
Geo-engineering I
CS3002
Geo-engineering I
CS4001
Geo-engineering I
Postgrad
MEngSc/PhD

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Practicals
~ five practical sessions
~ closed footwear must be worn in the
lab

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Laboratory Staff
Neville Hines & Rudd Rankine

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Soil Testing
Being Pushed around by my Supervisors
Purdue University, USA

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Quizzes
 about 4-6, 50 minutes each
 open book
How?
Why?
 to reinforce main points
 provides a wake up call
 form of assessment

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Past CS2005 Grades
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
HD 5 1 1 3 3 0
?
D 4 2 3 2 9 6
C 15 12 6 7 7 2
P 12 8 8 6 10 8
P- 6 0 2 4 1 5
N 12 10 12 14 9 13
X 0 0 3 3 3 1
Total 54 33 35 39 42 35

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Some Suggestions
Work in groups.

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Some Suggestions
Attend the lectures.
Develop a good feel for the subject.
It takes longer to understand
from the lecture notes
It is practical, interesting and
makes lot of sense.