2. 2
Workbook Activity 3.3
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Slum City
Access to safe drinking water 42% 89%
Access to proper sanitation 38% 76%
Cases of dysentery 3,700 1,204
Cases of typhoid fever 2,645 1,375
basic
services
disease
outbreak
The lower the access to basic services,
the higher the rate of diseases (eg. dysentery & typhoid.
Q1 (a)
Describe the r/s
3. 3
Workbook Activity 3.3
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Slum City
Access to safe drinking water 42% 89%
Access to proper sanitation 38% 76%
Cases of dysentery 3,700 1,204
Cases of typhoid fever 2,645 1,375
basic
services
disease
outbreak
Q1 (b)
i) The lack of safe drinking water may result in
slum residents drinking contaminated water,
thus causing more cases of dysentery.
Suggest reasons
4. 4
Workbook Activity 3.3
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Slum City
Access to safe drinking water 42% 89%
Access to proper sanitation 38% 76%
Cases of dysentery 3,700 1,204
Cases of typhoid fever 2,645 1,375
basic
services
disease
outbreak
Q1 (b)
ii) The lack of proper sanitation may result in
food or water contamination through contact with excreta,
thus leading to diseases like typhoid fever.
Suggest reasons
5. 5
Workbook Activity 3.3
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Q2 (a)
• The shanties were likely to have been built close
together, enabling the fire to spread quickly.
• The shanties were made of flammable materials
(eg. wooden planks and canvas sheets).
• Due to the lack of space, the firemen could not
fight the fire efficiently, thus the fire continued
to spread.
Why do you think so many shanties were destroyed
in the fire?
6. 6
Workbook Activity 3.3
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Q2 (b)
• Danger, as the slum is located next to the railway
station, accidents may occur if children play/walk
along the railway tracks.
• Health risks, the noise pollution and air pollution
caused by passing trains can badly affect residents’
health.
• Eviction, slum dwellers may be asked to leave their
home for slums to be cleared for other developments.
Besides fire, what other risks are the Behrampada
slum residents vulnerable to?
7. 7
Workbook Activity 3.3
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Q3 (b)
• Pollution of river may lead to slum residents
drinking / using contaminated water and getting
diseases (eg. dysentery / skin infection)
• Aquatic life may consume toxic substances in the
polluted river. When people consume the fish in the
river, it can harm the residents’ health.
Describe the impacts that pollution may have on
people and aquatic life in the river.
8. 8
Workbook Activity 3.3
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Q4 (a)
There is a POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP among the
factors:
Better sanitation
• will lead to better health and higher work
productivity this will increase revenue earned
and strengthen the economy.
• healthier children can attend school regularly.
Describe the relationship among sanitation, health,
education and economic development.
9. More
educated
Increased
revenue
Attend
school
Higher
productivity
9
Workbook Activity 3.3
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Q4 (b)
It is important to invest in education because the returns
will be nine times as much.
This is because better sanitation has a positive impact on
more than one area, such as education and work
productivity.
Explain why it is important to invest in sanitation.
Better
health
Better
sanitation
11. 11
Workbook Activity 3.4
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Q1(a) DESCRIBE and EXPLAIN why slum residents
may be prone to falling ill.
Due to a lack of waste disposal system/sewerage system,
animal waste (eg. from pigs & chickens) / human waste
(eg. litter) will pollute the land or water sources.
• This can lead to the transmission of infectious
diseases (eg. cholera) to the residents.
• This can also lead to the lack of clean drinking
water. When residents drink polluted water, they
can become infected with diseases (eg. dysentery).
12. 12
Workbook Activity 3.4
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Q1(b) STATE two other types of risks that slum
residents may be exposed to.
i. When residents build their houses on steep slopes/at
the foot of steep slopes, they face the risk of
landslides. When heavy rains come, landslides may
destabilize/destroy their houses.
ii. Many slum dwellers build their homes without
permission from the authorities, thus they face the
risk of evictions.
13. 13
Workbook Activity 3.4
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Q2(a) WHAT is homelessness?
• Homelessness is one consequence of housing
shortage.
• It refers to the lack of shelter in which to sleep and
carry out basic activities such as bathing.
14. 14
Workbook Activity 3.4
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Q2(b) WHAT are some possible impacts of homeless
on Tony’s health?
If Tony often sleep in open places such as parks, he may
become prone to frequent colds.
Tony may suffer from poor quality of sleep / lack of
sleep due to an uncomfortable setting (eg. sleeping on
a sofa/on the park bench).
• This can weaken his immunity or cause him to
experience backaches.
15. 15
Workbook Activity 3.4
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Q3(a) DESCRIBE the distribution of favelas in Rio de
Janeiro.
• The favelas are located throughout the city on both
sides of the Guanabara bay.
• Some favelas are found on the island in Guanabara bay
in the north.
• On the mainland of Rio de Janeiro, several favelas are
located near/along main roads.
16. 16
Workbook Activity 3.4
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Q3(b) GIVE REASONS for location of the favelas.
• They are close to major transport routes so that
people can travel other places conveniently.
• They are near industrial areas / near the city centre
where there are job opportunities available.
• The location may be the only one available due to lack
of available land.
17. 17
Workbook Activity 3.4
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Q3(c) WHAT is the straight-line distance between the
Sugar Loaf Mountain and Pedra da Gávea?
1cm (map) : 1km (actual)
7.7cm (map) : 7.7km (actual)
18. 18
Workbook Activity 3.4
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Q3(d) WHAT is the direction and bearing of Sugar
Loaf Mountain from Pedra da Gávea?
Direction: Northeast
19. 19
Workbook Activity 3.4
Guide: Textbook page 84-89
Q3(d) WHAT is the direction and bearing of Sugar
Loaf Mountain from Pedra da Gávea?
Bearing: 74˚
21. 21
Workbook Activity 3.5
Guide: Textbook page 90-95
Q1(a) Describe what slum upgrading is.
It is a strategy used by some cities to improve conditions
in slum areas by improving the quality of housing and
basic services (eg. water, electricity & sewerage).
• Slums may be cleared and basic infrastructure can be built.
• This may require residents to move out of the slums and
relocate temporarily so that basic infrastructure can be built.
• Financing schemes may be provided to fund the upgrading
project.
22. 22
Workbook Activity 3.5
Guide: Textbook page 90-95
Q1(b) STATE two advantages of self-help schemes.
• The cost of construction is kept low as the government
or another agency provides basic building materials
(eg. bricks, cement, roof tiles).
• There is a greater sense of ownership as residents are
involved in building their own homes.
• There is a greater community spirit as residents work
together agency towards a common good.
23. 23
Workbook Activity 3.5
Guide: Textbook page 90-95
Q1(c) DESCRIBE two challenges that may hinder the
success of self-help schemes.
• Funding for construction materials may be insufficient.
• The rate of construction in self-help schemes is often
slow as residents can only work on the houses after
work/during weekends.
• Sufficient training also needs to provided to equip
residents with the skills to build their houses.
28. 28
Workbook Activity 3.6
Guide: Textbook page 96-99
Q1(a) EXPLAIN how different types of housing
contributes to inclusiveness.
Having different housing options available will be allow
us to meet the needs and aspirations of different income
groups.
• For example, 3-room flats are available to meet the needs
of lower income groups while 5-room flats will cater to
the needs of higher income groups.
• 3Gen flats will cater to the needs of multigenerational
families who wish to stay together for mutual care.
30. 30
Workbook Activity 3.6
Guide: Textbook page 96-99
Q1(c) DESCRIBE how the presence of amenities or
facilities contributes towards inclusiveness.
• Amenities and facilities help connect residents to their
neighbourhood and let them feel that the community
has been planned with their interest and needs in
mind.
• A wide range of amenities and facilities mean that all
residents of all ages have everything they need close at
hand.