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Yong-Chan Kim & Ji Min Park
Urban Communication Lab
Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
Urban Commons/Bologna, Italy/November 7, 2015
Community
Storytelling
Community Engagement
[ ]
Communication infrastructure theory (Kim & Ball-Rokeach, 2006)
Community Storytelling
as Urban Commons
Community Storytelling
as Urban Commons
ICTs for
Community
Storytelling
The purpose of this study was (1) to
assess the experiences and intentions of
Seoul residents with regard to their
localized use of ICTs and (2) to identify
the factors in those experiences and
intentions.
 Our research context
 Cases of Localized information and
communication technologies (ICTs)
 Communication infrastructure theory
 Factors in localized use of ICTs for community
storytelling
 Some thoughts about community storytelling
(through localized ICTs) as urban commons
I will talk about…
Localized ic ts urban commons
Localized ic ts urban commons
Localized ic ts urban commons
Localized ic ts urban commons
Rapid/radical industrialization,
modernization, & urbanization
Disappearance of neighborhoods
Where are “the ends of the earth”?
Geographically close, socially distant Geographically and socially close
Small Changes
What factors have made these changes?
Political: “Maeul” community revitalization programs
led by the current mayor of Seoul, Won Soon Park
Social: resident-led grassroots movements and
activities
Technological: advancement of ICTs (Localized use of
ICTs)
Localized ic ts urban commons
Localized ic ts urban commons
Localized ICTs?
Localized ICTs: Websites
Localized ICTs: Smartphone Applications
- KakaoPlace
- (IPhone, Android)
- Town Talk
- (Android)
Localized ICTs: Online News Sites
-Street-H
-(http://street-h.com/)
-DNA Info
-(http://www.dnainfo.com/)
Localized ICTs: Facebook
Localized ICTs: Online Cafes
Localized ICTs: Mobile Instant Messengers
- KakaoTalk Plus
Friend : City of Seoul
- Band:
- Yangchon Maeul-net
- Band:
- Dobong’s Police
Supporters
Localized ICTs: Online video services
Localized ICTs: Twitter
Localized ICTs: Podcast Audio
Localized ICTs as channels for
community storytelling?
Different views have been competing to one
another providing different explanations about
the impacts of communication technologies on
urban communities.
Localized ic ts urban commons
“[T]hrough the automobile and improved roads,
rural social contacts have multiplied many fold,
and are based in increasing measure upon
age, sex, and common interests rather than
upon kinship and common residence, as was
formerly the case”
( Palo Alto Times in 1933) cited in Fischer, C. (1994). America
calling: A social history of telephone to 1940. Berkeley, CA:
University of California Press (p. 110)
Sharing
Sharing Economy
Open
source
Crowdsourcing
Wiki
Connectedness
Sharable goods
Commons
Social
Collaboration
Collective
intelligence
PULL effect or PUSH effect?
PULL EFFECT or PUSH EFFECT?
“We found a few modest changes in
localism. The net trend was in the direction
of greater attention to the outside world. Yet,
rather than indicating a displacement of
local interest, these changes suggest a
simultaneous augmentation of local and
extralocal activities.”
Fischer, C. (1994). America calling: A social history of
telephone to 1940. Berkeley, CA: University of
California Press (pp. 220-221)
Localized ic ts urban commons
…differentiates local communities which have (or not have) a
communication infrastructure that can be activated to construct
community, thereby enabling collective actions for common purposes.
Communication Infrastructure Theory
a neighborhood storytelling network set
in its communication action context
What is a communication
infrastructure?
Communication Infrastructure
Integrated Connectedness to Storytelling Network (ICSN)
Community Effects of ICSN
Community
Media
Residents
Community
Organizations
+
+
+
Sense of Belonging
Collective efficacy
Community
participation
• New media technology must be part of the communication
infrastructure of a community to function as a facilitator of community
involvement (Hampton et al., 2011; Y. C. Kim, Jung, & Ball-Rokeach, 2007; Matei &
Ball-Rokeach, 2003)
• If new media technology does not work as part of the
communication infrastructure of a community, it can be a detracting
factor (Y. C. Kim,2012; Matei & Ball-Rokeach, 2001)
• Whether new media technology will be incorporated into the
communication infrastructure of local civic engagement depends on
the existing quality and strength of the community storytelling
network (Chen, Dong,Ball-Rokeach, Parks, & Huang, 2012; Hayden & Ball-
Rokeach, 2007; Jung, Kim, Lin, & Cheong, 2005; Katz, Matsaganis, & Ball-Rokeach,
2012)
• At the individual level, the use of new media by residents will have
positive effects on local community engagement when the residents
have high-level ICSN (Jung, Toriumi, & Mizukosh, 2013; Katz, 2010; Y. C. Kim,
2003, 2012; W. Lin, Cheong, Kim, & Jung, 2010)
CIT’s propositions on:
communication technology and local community
The purpose of this study was (1) to
assess the experiences and intentions of
Seoul residents with regard to their
localized use of ICTs and (2) to identify
the factors in those experiences and
intentions.
• Theory of Planned Behavior
- Attitudes
- Subjective Norm
- Perceived Behavioral Control
• Communication Infrastructure Theory
- Integrated Connectedness to Storytelling Network (ICSN)
- Community Engagement
(Neighborhood Belonging, Community Cohesion,
Informal Social Control, Community Activities Participation)
Factors affecting Localized ICT uses
• Online Survey data collected in August, 2013
• Quota sampling: considering gender, age group
(from 20s to 50s) and city district (25)
• Sample Size: 901 smartphone owners
Data collection
Localized ic ts urban commons
-n = 901
Factors in having used localized ICTs
• Attitude: significant (+) for all ICTs
• Subjective Norm: significant (+) on FBs, online cafés,
online News, online video services
• Perceived Behavioral Control: non-significant for all ICTs
• ICSN: significant (+) on all ICTs
• Neighborhood Belonging: non-significant for all ICTs
• Community Cohesion: non-significant for all ICTs
• Informal Social Control: non-significant for all ICTs
• Participation in Community Activities: significant (+) for
all ICTs (except online cafés, online news, podcasts)
※ Analyses Hierarchical OLS Regression Analysis
Factors in having intention to use localized ICTs (non-localized
ICT users)
※ Analyses Hierarchical OLS Regression Analysis
 Attitude: significant (+) for all ICTs
 Subjective Norm: significant (+) for all ICTs (except for
podcast and online video services)
 Perceived Behavioral Control: non-significant for all
ICTs
 ICSN : significant (+) for all ICTs
 Neighborhood Belonging: non-significant for all ICTs
 Community Cohesion: significant (+) for podcasts
 Informal Social Control: significant (+) for blogs,
Websites, online cafes, and online video services
 Participation in Community Activities: non-
significant for all ICTs
What these results imply:
1. ICTs have a potential to facilitate
neighborhood engagements
 54% of respondents have either experience
or intention to use localized websites.
2. ICSN are positively related to both intention
and experiences of all channels of localized ICTs
 There is a need for strong community-level
communication infrastructures to enable the
ICTs fortify local neighborhoods
Attitude
Norm
Resource
Experience
Localized ICTs as channels for community
storytelling (as urban commons)
Community Storytelling
Through Localized ICTs
as Urban Commons
Thank you

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Localized ic ts urban commons

  • 1. Yong-Chan Kim & Ji Min Park Urban Communication Lab Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Urban Commons/Bologna, Italy/November 7, 2015
  • 2. Community Storytelling Community Engagement [ ] Communication infrastructure theory (Kim & Ball-Rokeach, 2006)
  • 4. Community Storytelling as Urban Commons ICTs for Community Storytelling
  • 5. The purpose of this study was (1) to assess the experiences and intentions of Seoul residents with regard to their localized use of ICTs and (2) to identify the factors in those experiences and intentions.
  • 6.  Our research context  Cases of Localized information and communication technologies (ICTs)  Communication infrastructure theory  Factors in localized use of ICTs for community storytelling  Some thoughts about community storytelling (through localized ICTs) as urban commons I will talk about…
  • 11. Rapid/radical industrialization, modernization, & urbanization Disappearance of neighborhoods
  • 12. Where are “the ends of the earth”?
  • 13. Geographically close, socially distant Geographically and socially close Small Changes
  • 14. What factors have made these changes? Political: “Maeul” community revitalization programs led by the current mayor of Seoul, Won Soon Park Social: resident-led grassroots movements and activities Technological: advancement of ICTs (Localized use of ICTs)
  • 19. Localized ICTs: Smartphone Applications - KakaoPlace - (IPhone, Android) - Town Talk - (Android)
  • 20. Localized ICTs: Online News Sites -Street-H -(http://street-h.com/) -DNA Info -(http://www.dnainfo.com/)
  • 23. Localized ICTs: Mobile Instant Messengers - KakaoTalk Plus Friend : City of Seoul - Band: - Yangchon Maeul-net - Band: - Dobong’s Police Supporters
  • 24. Localized ICTs: Online video services
  • 27. Localized ICTs as channels for community storytelling?
  • 28. Different views have been competing to one another providing different explanations about the impacts of communication technologies on urban communities.
  • 30. “[T]hrough the automobile and improved roads, rural social contacts have multiplied many fold, and are based in increasing measure upon age, sex, and common interests rather than upon kinship and common residence, as was formerly the case” ( Palo Alto Times in 1933) cited in Fischer, C. (1994). America calling: A social history of telephone to 1940. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press (p. 110)
  • 32. PULL effect or PUSH effect? PULL EFFECT or PUSH EFFECT?
  • 33. “We found a few modest changes in localism. The net trend was in the direction of greater attention to the outside world. Yet, rather than indicating a displacement of local interest, these changes suggest a simultaneous augmentation of local and extralocal activities.” Fischer, C. (1994). America calling: A social history of telephone to 1940. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press (pp. 220-221)
  • 35. …differentiates local communities which have (or not have) a communication infrastructure that can be activated to construct community, thereby enabling collective actions for common purposes. Communication Infrastructure Theory
  • 36. a neighborhood storytelling network set in its communication action context What is a communication infrastructure?
  • 38. Integrated Connectedness to Storytelling Network (ICSN)
  • 39. Community Effects of ICSN Community Media Residents Community Organizations + + + Sense of Belonging Collective efficacy Community participation
  • 40. • New media technology must be part of the communication infrastructure of a community to function as a facilitator of community involvement (Hampton et al., 2011; Y. C. Kim, Jung, & Ball-Rokeach, 2007; Matei & Ball-Rokeach, 2003) • If new media technology does not work as part of the communication infrastructure of a community, it can be a detracting factor (Y. C. Kim,2012; Matei & Ball-Rokeach, 2001) • Whether new media technology will be incorporated into the communication infrastructure of local civic engagement depends on the existing quality and strength of the community storytelling network (Chen, Dong,Ball-Rokeach, Parks, & Huang, 2012; Hayden & Ball- Rokeach, 2007; Jung, Kim, Lin, & Cheong, 2005; Katz, Matsaganis, & Ball-Rokeach, 2012) • At the individual level, the use of new media by residents will have positive effects on local community engagement when the residents have high-level ICSN (Jung, Toriumi, & Mizukosh, 2013; Katz, 2010; Y. C. Kim, 2003, 2012; W. Lin, Cheong, Kim, & Jung, 2010) CIT’s propositions on: communication technology and local community
  • 41. The purpose of this study was (1) to assess the experiences and intentions of Seoul residents with regard to their localized use of ICTs and (2) to identify the factors in those experiences and intentions.
  • 42. • Theory of Planned Behavior - Attitudes - Subjective Norm - Perceived Behavioral Control • Communication Infrastructure Theory - Integrated Connectedness to Storytelling Network (ICSN) - Community Engagement (Neighborhood Belonging, Community Cohesion, Informal Social Control, Community Activities Participation) Factors affecting Localized ICT uses
  • 43. • Online Survey data collected in August, 2013 • Quota sampling: considering gender, age group (from 20s to 50s) and city district (25) • Sample Size: 901 smartphone owners Data collection
  • 46. Factors in having used localized ICTs • Attitude: significant (+) for all ICTs • Subjective Norm: significant (+) on FBs, online cafés, online News, online video services • Perceived Behavioral Control: non-significant for all ICTs • ICSN: significant (+) on all ICTs • Neighborhood Belonging: non-significant for all ICTs • Community Cohesion: non-significant for all ICTs • Informal Social Control: non-significant for all ICTs • Participation in Community Activities: significant (+) for all ICTs (except online cafés, online news, podcasts) ※ Analyses Hierarchical OLS Regression Analysis
  • 47. Factors in having intention to use localized ICTs (non-localized ICT users) ※ Analyses Hierarchical OLS Regression Analysis  Attitude: significant (+) for all ICTs  Subjective Norm: significant (+) for all ICTs (except for podcast and online video services)  Perceived Behavioral Control: non-significant for all ICTs  ICSN : significant (+) for all ICTs  Neighborhood Belonging: non-significant for all ICTs  Community Cohesion: significant (+) for podcasts  Informal Social Control: significant (+) for blogs, Websites, online cafes, and online video services  Participation in Community Activities: non- significant for all ICTs
  • 48. What these results imply: 1. ICTs have a potential to facilitate neighborhood engagements  54% of respondents have either experience or intention to use localized websites. 2. ICSN are positively related to both intention and experiences of all channels of localized ICTs  There is a need for strong community-level communication infrastructures to enable the ICTs fortify local neighborhoods
  • 49. Attitude Norm Resource Experience Localized ICTs as channels for community storytelling (as urban commons)