For my AS Biology Class. PPT on what is infertility, age, how do they know, factors, causes, treatment, IVF, link to video. (slide 12 is blank)

1. LAURA ORTEGA 12G

2. • Infertility is the inability to get pregnant after
a year of unprotected intercourse.
• Both men and women can be infertile.

3. • Women are born with a finite number of eggs.
• The number and quality of the eggs diminish
with age.
• chances of having a baby decrease by 3% to 5%
per year after the age of 30.
When the eggs are declining in number, women may begin having signs of menopause, or declining
ovarian reserve (irregular cycles, hot flashes, insomnia).

5. • A blood test to check hormone levels
• An endometrial biopsy to check the lining of the
uterus
• Hysterosalpingography (HSG). ( X-rays of fallopian
tubes to see if they are blocked)
• Laparoscopy. (enables the doctor to view the outside of
the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes to detect abnormal
growth)

7. • WEIGHT
-Overweight : Fertility medications may not work
Anorexia, bulimia or restrictive diets
-Excessive exercise-suppression of ovulation by
elevated endorphin levels along with reduced
body fat.
-Insulin resistance
-Difficulty when diabetes, hypertension and
preeclampsia.
Estrogen is stored in fat cells and can suppress ovulatory function.

8. SMOKING
Women who smoke one to two packs of cigarettes per day who started before
the age of eighteen are at a greater risk for infertility
(decreased ovarian reserve and have a lessened response to ovulation
induction medications. )
SMOKING
CAFFEINE
ALCOHOL
exposure chemotherapeutic
exposure to pesticides
Dentists/Dental Assistants
Anesthetists
Occupational and Environmental Risks

9. Damage to fallopian tubes
carry the eggs from the ovaries to the uterus
WHY : inability of contact between sperm and ovum
Hormonal causes
problems with ovulation.
WHY: the release of an egg from the ovary and lining of the
uterus in preparation for the fertilized egg do not occur.
Cervical causes.
the sperm cannot pass through the cervical canal.
WHY: abnormal mucus production or a prior cervical surgical
procedure
SOLUTION : may be treated with intrauterine inseminations.

10. Ovarian Failure
Premature Menopause
Ovariectomy
Congenital Absence of Ovaries
Uterine Abnormalities
Uterine Fibroids (liemyomas)
DES exposure
Septate Uterus/Bicornuate Uterus/Unicornuate Uterus

11. Hysteroscopy
remove tumours
Medical therapy
with drugs
-lead to ovulation, multiple egg ovulation
Intrauterine
insemination-
selected sperm
deposited in uterus
at ovulation
Egg donation
And others…. IVF *

12. • is the process of fertilization by manually
combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory
dish, and then transferring the embryo to the
uterus.

13. • eggs are fertilized in a culture dish and placed into the uterus. The
woman takes drugs to stimulate multiple egg development. When
monitoring indicates that the eggs are mature, they are collected
using a vaginal ultrasound probe with a needle guide. The sperm
are collected, washed, and added to the eggs in a culture dish.
Several days later, embryos -- or fertilized eggs -- are returned to
the uterus using an intrauterine insemination catheter.

15. Studies suggest that number of multiple births
have increased in numbers over the past several
years. Though birth of twins and triplets are
common, cases of quadruplets, quintuplets,
sextuplets are rare. The world's first surviving
septuplets were born in 1997

16. THIS IS WHY
High order multiples - more than three babies in the same womb - are
exceptionally rare and occur almost exclusively while the woman is
undergoing fertility treatment.
This is because several embryos are often implanted into her womb to
increase the chances of conception, and the fact that high hormone
levels, used in most fertility treatments, also increase the risk
While the rise in fertility treatment has lead to a roughly 75 per cent rise in
high order pregnancies, less than 1 per cent of women are affected and
cases of ten or more children are extremely uncommon.
If untreated, these cases almost always result in infant death as they lead
to premature birth, with the children unable to survive because their
organs have not yet developed properly.

17. • Modern Methods of
Fertilisation
• https://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=gR_2b5b0h1E

18. Sources
• http://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/guide/female-
infertility
• http://rba-online.com/ivf/index.php?Female-Infertility-31
• http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2524690/Woman-gives-birth-
TEN-babies-time-India-just-12-weeks-pregnancy-tragically-survive.html