The document describes Lauren Schaefer's presentation on changing from a relational database mindset to a document database mindset using MongoDB. It provides an example of mapping user data from tables to embedded documents, showing how additional user details like hobbies and job history can be embedded within a user document rather than stored across multiple tables. The presentation aims to help developers understand the key differences between relational and document databases.

1. From Tables to Documents—
Changing Your Database Mindset
Lauren Schaefer, Developer Advocate, MongoDB

2. Parks and Recreation, Season 6, Episode 14 @Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

3. @Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

4. @Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

5. @Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

6. Parks and Recreation, Season 6, Episode 14 @Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

7. @Lauren_Schaefer
Developer Advocate, MongoDB
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

8. From Tables to
Documents
Changing Your Database Mindset
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

9. Themental
journey from
tables to
documents
1. Map terms & concepts from tables to documents
2. Discover the 4 major advantages of documents
3. Change your mindset in 3 key ways
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

10. Themental
journey from
tables to
documents
1. Map terms & concepts from tables to documents
2. Discover the 4 major advantages of documents
3. Change your mindset in 3 key ways
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

11. Let’s talk
about
documents
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

12. Let’s talk
about
documents
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

13. Let’s talk
about
documents
{
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

14. Let’s talk
about
documents
{
field: value,
field: value,
field: value
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

15. @Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

16. ID first_name last_name cell city
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee
Users
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

17. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee"
}
ID first_name last_name cell city
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee
UsersUsers
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

18. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee"
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
UsersUsers
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

19. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
UsersUsers
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

20. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
UsersUsers
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

21. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
Hobbies
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

22. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
Hobbies
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

23. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
Hobbies
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

24. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
Hobbies
ID user_id job_title year_started
20 1 Deputy Directory 2004
21 1 City Councilor 2012
22 1 Director, National
Parks Service,
Midwest Branch
2014
JobHistory
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

25. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
Hobbies
ID user_id job_title year_started
20 1 Deputy Directory 2004
21 1 City Councilor 2012
22 1 Director, National
Parks Service,
Midwest Branch
2014
JobHistory
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

26. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Deputy Director",
"yearStarted": 2004
},
{
"title": "City Councillor",
"yearStarted": 2012
},
{
"title": "Director, National Parks
Service, Midwest Branch",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
Hobbies
ID user_id job_title year_started
20 1 Deputy Directory 2004
21 1 City Councilor 2012
22 1 Director, National
Parks Service,
Midwest Branch
2014
JobHistory
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

27. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Deputy Director",
"yearStarted": 2004
},
{
"title": "City Councillor",
"yearStarted": 2012
},
{
"title": "Director, National Parks
Service, Midwest Branch",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
Hobbies
ID user_id job_title year_started
20 1 Deputy Directory 2004
21 1 City Councilor 2012
22 1 Director, National
Parks Service,
Midwest Branch
2014
JobHistory
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

28. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Deputy Director",
"yearStarted": 2004
},
{
"title": "City Councillor",
"yearStarted": 2012
},
{
"title": "Director, National Parks
Service, Midwest Branch",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
2 Ron Swandaughte
r
8125559347 Pawnee NULL NULL
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
Hobbies
ID user_id job_title year_started
20 1 Deputy Directory 2004
21 1 City Councilor 2012
22 1 Director, National
Parks Service,
Midwest Branch
2014
JobHistory
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

29. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Deputy Director",
"yearStarted": 2004
},
{
"title": "City Councillor",
"yearStarted": 2012
},
{
"title": "Director, National Parks
Service, Midwest Branch",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
2 Ron Swandaughte
r
8125559347 Pawnee NULL NULL
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
Hobbies
ID user_id job_title year_started
20 1 Deputy Directory 2004
21 1 City Councilor 2012
22 1 Director, National
Parks Service,
Midwest Branch
2014
JobHistory
{
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Ron",
"last_name": "Swandaughter",
"cell": "8125559347",
"city": "Pawnee"
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

30. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Deputy Director",
"yearStarted": 2004
},
{
"title": "City Councillor",
"yearStarted": 2012
},
{
"title": "Director, National Parks
Service, Midwest Branch",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
2 Ron Swandaughte
r
8125559347 Pawnee NULL NULL
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
13 2 woodworking
14 2 fishing
Hobbies
ID user_id job_title year_started
20 1 Deputy Directory 2004
21 1 City Councilor 2012
22 1 Director, National
Parks Service,
Midwest Branch
2014
23 2 Director 2002
24 2 CEO, Kinda Good
Building Company
2014
JobHistory
{
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Ron",
"last_name": "Swandaughter",
"cell": "8125559347",
"city": "Pawnee"
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

31. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Deputy Director",
"yearStarted": 2004
},
{
"title": "City Councillor",
"yearStarted": 2012
},
{
"title": "Director, National Parks
Service, Midwest Branch",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
2 Ron Swandaughte
r
8125559347 Pawnee NULL NULL
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
13 2 woodworking
14 2 fishing
Hobbies
ID user_id job_title year_started
20 1 Deputy Directory 2004
21 1 City Councilor 2012
22 1 Director, National
Parks Service,
Midwest Branch
2014
23 2 Director 2002
24 2 CEO, Kinda Good
Building Company
2014
JobHistory
{
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Ron",
"last_name": "Swandaughter",
"cell": "8125559347",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [
"woodworking",
"fishing"
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Director",
"yearStarted": 2002
},
{
"title": "CEO, Kinda Good Building
Company",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

32. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Deputy Director",
"yearStarted": 2004
},
{
"title": "City Councillor",
"yearStarted": 2012
},
{
"title": "Director, National Parks
Service, Midwest Branch",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
2 Ron Swandaughte
r
8125559347 Pawnee NULL NULL
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
13 2 woodworking
14 2 fishing
Hobbies
ID user_id job_title year_started
20 1 Deputy Directory 2004
21 1 City Councilor 2012
22 1 Director, National
Parks Service,
Midwest Branch
2014
23 2 Director 2002
24 2 CEO, Kinda Good
Building Company
2014
JobHistory
{
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Ron",
"last_name": "Swandaughter",
"cell": "8125559347",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [
"woodworking",
"fishing"
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Director",
"yearStarted": 2002
},
{
"title": "CEO, Kinda Good Building
Company",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

33. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Deputy Director",
"yearStarted": 2004
},
{
"title": "City Councillor",
"yearStarted": 2012
},
{
"title": "Director, National Parks
Service, Midwest Branch",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
2 Ron Swandaughte
r
8125559347 Pawnee NULL NULL
3 Lauren Burhug NULL Pawnee NULL NULL
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
13 2 woodworking
14 2 fishing
15 3 soccer
Hobbies
ID user_id job_title year_started
20 1 Deputy Directory 2004
21 1 City Councilor 2012
22 1 Director, National
Parks Service,
Midwest Branch
2014
23 2 Director 2002
24 2 CEO, Kinda Good
Building Company
2014
JobHistory
{
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Ron",
"last_name": "Swandaughter",
"cell": "8125559347",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [
"woodworking",
"fishing"
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Director",
"yearStarted": 2002
},
{
"title": "CEO, Kinda Good Building
Company",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

34. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Deputy Director",
"yearStarted": 2004
},
{
"title": "City Councillor",
"yearStarted": 2012
},
{
"title": "Director, National Parks
Service, Midwest Branch",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
2 Ron Swandaughte
r
8125559347 Pawnee NULL NULL
3 Lauren Burhug NULL Pawnee NULL NULL
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
13 2 woodworking
14 2 fishing
15 3 soccer
Hobbies
ID user_id job_title year_started
20 1 Deputy Directory 2004
21 1 City Councilor 2012
22 1 Director, National
Parks Service,
Midwest Branch
2014
23 2 Director 2002
24 2 CEO, Kinda Good
Building Company
2014
JobHistory
{
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Ron",
"last_name": "Swandaughter",
"cell": ”8125559347",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [
”woodworking",
”fishing"
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Director",
"yearStarted": 2002
},
{
"title": ”CEO, Kinda Good Building Company",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
{
"_id": 3,
"first_name": "Lauren",
"last_name": "Burhug",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [ "soccer" ]
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

35. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Deputy Director",
"yearStarted": 2004
},
{
"title": "City Councillor",
"yearStarted": 2012
},
{
"title": "Director, National Parks
Service, Midwest Branch",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
2 Ron Swandaughte
r
8125559347 Pawnee NULL NULL
3 Lauren Burhug NULL Pawnee NULL NULL
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
13 2 woodworking
14 2 fishing
15 3 soccer
Hobbies
ID user_id job_title year_started
20 1 Deputy Directory 2004
21 1 City Councilor 2012
22 1 Director, National
Parks Service,
Midwest Branch
2014
23 2 Director 2002
24 2 CEO, Kinda Good
Building Company
2014
JobHistory
{
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Ron",
"last_name": "Swandaughter",
"cell": ”8125559347",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [
”woodworking",
”fishing"
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Director",
"yearStarted": 2002
},
{
"title": ”CEO, Kinda Good Building Company",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
{
"_id": 3,
"first_name": "Lauren",
"last_name": "Burhug",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [ "soccer" ]
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

36. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Deputy Director",
"yearStarted": 2004
},
{
"title": "City Councillor",
"yearStarted": 2012
},
{
"title": "Director, National Parks
Service, Midwest Branch",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632
2 Ron Swandaughte
r
8125559347 Pawnee NULL NULL
3 Lauren Burhug NULL Pawnee NULL NULL
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
13 2 woodworking
14 2 fishing
15 3 soccer
Hobbies
ID user_id job_title year_started
20 1 Deputy Directory 2004
21 1 City Councilor 2012
22 1 Director, National
Parks Service,
Midwest Branch
2014
23 2 Director 2002
24 2 CEO, Kinda Good
Building Company
2014
JobHistory
{
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Ron",
"last_name": "Swandaughter",
"cell": ”8125559347",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [
”woodworking",
”fishing"
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Director",
"yearStarted": 2002
},
{
"title": ”CEO, Kinda Good Building Company",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
{
"_id": 3,
"first_name": "Lauren",
"last_name": "Burhug",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [ "soccer" ]
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

37. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Deputy Director",
"yearStarted": 2004
},
{
"title": "City Councillor",
"yearStarted": 2012
},
{
"title": "Director, National Parks
Service, Midwest Branch",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude school
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632 NULL
2 Ron Swandaughte
r
8125559347 Pawnee NULL NULL NULL
3 Lauren Burhug NULL Pawnee NULL NULL Pawnee
Elementar
y
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
13 2 woodworking
14 2 fishing
15 3 soccer
Hobbies
ID user_id job_title year_started
20 1 Deputy Directory 2004
21 1 City Councilor 2012
22 1 Director, National
Parks Service,
Midwest Branch
2014
23 2 Director 2002
24 2 CEO, Kinda Good
Building Company
2014
JobHistory
{
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Ron",
"last_name": "Swandaughter",
"cell": ”8125559347",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [
”woodworking",
”fishing"
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Director",
"yearStarted": 2002
},
{
"title": ”CEO, Kinda Good Building Company",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
{
"_id": 3,
"first_name": "Lauren",
"last_name": "Burhug",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [ "soccer" ]
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

38. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Deputy Director",
"yearStarted": 2004
},
{
"title": "City Councillor",
"yearStarted": 2012
},
{
"title": "Director, National Parks
Service, Midwest Branch",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude school
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632 NULL
2 Ron Swandaughte
r
8125559347 Pawnee NULL NULL NULL
3 Lauren Burhug NULL Pawnee NULL NULL Pawnee
Elementar
y
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
13 2 woodworking
14 2 fishing
15 3 soccer
Hobbies
ID user_id job_title year_started
20 1 Deputy Directory 2004
21 1 City Councilor 2012
22 1 Director, National
Parks Service,
Midwest Branch
2014
23 2 Director 2002
24 2 CEO, Kinda Good
Building Company
2014
JobHistory
{
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Ron",
"last_name": "Swandaughter",
"cell": ”8125559347",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [
”woodworking",
”fishing"
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Director",
"yearStarted": 2002
},
{
"title": ”CEO, Kinda Good Building Company",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
{
"_id": 3,
"first_name": "Lauren",
"last_name": "Burhug",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [ "soccer" ]
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

39. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Deputy Director",
"yearStarted": 2004
},
{
"title": "City Councillor",
"yearStarted": 2012
},
{
"title": "Director, National Parks
Service, Midwest Branch",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude school
1 Leslie Yepp 8125552344 Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632 NULL
2 Ron Swandaughte
r
8125559347 Pawnee NULL NULL NULL
3 Lauren Burhug NULL Pawnee NULL NULL Pawnee
Elementar
y
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
13 2 woodworking
14 2 fishing
15 3 soccer
Hobbies
ID user_id job_title year_started
20 1 Deputy Directory 2004
21 1 City Councilor 2012
22 1 Director, National
Parks Service,
Midwest Branch
2014
23 2 Director 2002
24 2 CEO, Kinda Good
Building Company
2014
JobHistory
{
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Ron",
"last_name": "Swandaughter",
"cell": ”8125559347",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [
”woodworking",
”fishing"
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Director",
"yearStarted": 2002
},
{
"title": ”CEO, Kinda Good Building Company",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
{
"_id": 3,
"first_name": "Lauren",
"last_name": "Burhug",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [ "soccer" ],
"school": "Pawnee Elementary"
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

40. FlexibleSchema
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

41. FlexibleSchema
Don’t panic!
Use schema validation.
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

42. @Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

43. Row Document
{
...
a: “b”
...
}
ID a ...
1 b ...
2 ... ...
3 ... ...
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

44. Row(s) Document
{
...
a: “b”
...
}
ID a ...
1 b ...
2 ... ...
3 ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

45. Column Field
ID a ...
1 b ...
2 c ...
3 ... ...
{
...
a: “b”
...
}
{
...
a: “c”
...
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

46. Table Collection
{
...
}
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
{
...
}
{
...
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

47. Database Database
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

48. Index Index
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

49. View View
{
...
}
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
{
...
}
{
...
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

50. Join Embedding
{
...
a: “b”,
...
c: {
d: “e”
...
},
...
}
ID a ...
1 b ...
2 ... ...
3 ... ...
... d ...
1 e ...
... ... ...
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

51. Multi-Record
ACID Transaction
Multi-Document
ACID Transaction
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

52. TermMappingSummary
Column
Field
Row
Document
Table
Collection
Database
Database
Index
Index
Join
Embedding
View
View
Transaction
Transaction
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

53. Themental
journey from
tables to
documents
1. Map terms & concepts from tables to documents
2. Discover the 4 major advantages of documents
3. Change your mindset in 3 key ways
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

54. @Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

55. @Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

56. Scalecheaper!
As the size of your database grows, scale horizontally.
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

57. Queryfaster!
Stop doing expensive joins to get your data.
Tabular Database
ID a ...
1 b ...
2 ... ...
3 ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
Document Database
{
...
a: “b”,
...
c: {
d: “e”
...
},
...
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

58. Pivoteasier!
Easily change the shape of your data as your app evolves.
Document Database
{
first_name:
“Lauren”,
…
}
{
first_name:
“Lauren”,
school: “Pawnee
Elementary”,
…
}
Relational Database
ALTER TABLE `CityHall`.`Users`
ADD COLUMN `school` VARCHAR(45) NULL AFTER
`longitude`;
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

59. Programfaster!
Documents map to data structures in most popular languages.
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

60. {
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
]
}
ID first_name last_name cell city latitude longitude school
1 Leslie Yepp 812555234
4
Pawnee 39.170344 -86.536632 NULL
UsersUsers
ID user_id hobby
10 1 scrapbooking
11 1 eating waffles
12 1 working
Hobbies
Programfaster!
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

61. import mysql.connector
# CONNECT TO THE DB
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="localhost",
user="root",
passwd="rootroot",
database="CityHall" )
mycursor =
mydb.cursor(dictionary=True)
# THE ID OF THE USER WHOSE PROFILE WE
# WILL BE RETRIEVING AND UPDATING
userId = 1
import pymongo
from pymongo import MongoClient
# CONNECT TO THE DB
client = MongoClient()
client = pymongo
.MongoClient("mongodb+srv://root:rootro
ot@mycluster.mongodb.net/test?retryWrit
es=true&w=majority")
db = client.CityHall
# THE ID OF THE USER WHOSE PROFILE WE
# WILL BE RETRIEVING AND UPDATING
userId = 1
Programfaster!

62. sql = "SELECT * FROM Users LEFT JOIN
Hobbies ON Users.ID = Hobbies.user_id
WHERE Users.id=%s"
values = (userId,)
my cursor.execute(sql, values)
user = mycursor.fetchone()
user = db['Users’]
.find_one({"_id": userId})
Programfaster!
hobbies = []
if (user["hobby"]):
hobbies.append(user["hobby"])
del user["hobby"]
del user["ID"]
for result in mycursor:
hobbies.append(result["hobby"])
user["hobbies"] = hobbies

63. {
'city': 'Pawnee',
'first_name': 'Leslie',
'last_name': 'Yepp',
'school': None,
'cell': '8125552344',
'latitude': 39.1703,
'longitude': -86.5366,3
'hobbies’: [
'scrapbooking’,
'eating waffles’,
'working’
],
'user_id': 1
}
{
'city': 'Pawnee',
'first_name’: 'Leslie',
'last_name': 'Yepp',
'cell': '8125552344',
'location': [-86.536632, 39.170344],
'hobbies’: [
'scrapbooking’,
'eating waffles’,
'working’
],
'_id': 1
}
Programfaster!

64. user.update( {
"city": "Washington, DC",
"latitude": 38.897760,
"longitude": -77.036809,
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"signing bills"]
} )
user.update( {
"city": "Washington, DC",
"location": [-77.036809,
38.897760],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"signing bills"]
} )
Programfaster!

65. sql = "UPDATE Users SET first_name=%s,
last_name=%s, cell=%s, city=%s,
latitude=%s, longitude=%s, school=%s
WHERE (ID=%s)"
values = (user["first_name"],
user["last_name"], user["cell"],
user["city"], user["latitude"],
user["longitude"], user["school"],
userId)
mycursor.execute(sql, values)
mydb.commit()
result = db['Users’]
.update_one(
{"_id": userId},
{"$set": user})
Programfaster!
sql = "DELETE FROM Hobbies WHERE
user_id=%s"
values = (userId,)
mycursor.execute(sql, values)
mydb.commit()
if(len(user["hobbies"]) > 0):
sql = "INSERT INTO Hobbies
(user_id, hobby) VALUES (%s, %s)"
values = []
for hobby in user["hobbies"]:
values.append((userId, hobby))
mycursor.executemany(sql,values)
mydb.commit()

66. 27 lines of code 2 lines of code

67. 4major
advantagesof
documents
 Scale cheaper
 Query faster
 Pivot easier
 Program faster
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

68. Themental
journey from
tables to
documents
1. Map terms & concepts from tables to documents
2. Discover the 4 major advantages of documents
3. Change your mindset in 3 key ways
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

69. @Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

70. @Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

71. Embracedocumentdiversity
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

72. Embracedocumentdiversity
The Polymorphic Pattern
{
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"location": [ -86.536632, 39.170344 ],
"hobbies": [
"scrapbooking",
"eating waffles",
"working”
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Deputy Director",
"yearStarted": 2004
},
{
"title": "City Councillor",
"yearStarted": 2012
},
{
"title": "Director, National Parks
Service, Midwest Branch",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
{
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Ron",
"last_name": "Swandaughter",
"cell": ”8125559347",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [
”woodworking",
”fishing"
],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Director",
"yearStarted": 2002
},
{
"title": ”CEO, Kinda Good Building Company",
"yearStarted": 2014
}
]
}
{
"_id": 3,
"first_name": "Lauren",
"last_name": "Burhug",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [ "soccer" ],
"school": "Pawnee Elementary"
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

73. Embracedocumentdiversity
The Outlier Pattern
{
"_id": 3,
"first_name": "Lauren",
"last_name": "Burhug",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": ["soccer"],
"school": "Pawnee Elementary",
"followers": [
"Brandon",
"Wesley",
"Ciara",
...
]
}
{
"_id": 2,
"first_name": "Ron",
"last_name": "Swandaughter",
"cell": "8125559347",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": [
"woodworking",
"fishing"],
"jobHistory": [
{
"title": "Director",
"yearStarted": 2002
},
...
],
"followers": [
"Leslie",
"Donna",
"Tom" ... ],
"has_extras": true
}
{
"_id": 2.1,
"followers": [
"Jerry",
"Ann",
"Ben"
...
],
"is_overflow": true
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

74. Datathatisaccessedtogethershouldbestoredtogether
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

75. Datathatisaccessedtogethershouldbestoredtogether
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

76. Datathatisaccessedtogethershouldbestoredtogether
100000
1
30000
100000
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
1985 2017
Storage vs Developer Costs
Storage Cost per GB Developer Salary
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

77. Datathatisaccessedtogethershouldbestoredtogether
Don’t normalize your data for the sake of normalizing it.
{
a: “b”,
c: {
d: “e”
...
},
f: [“g”, “h”, “i”],
j: [
{
k: “l”
},
{
m: “n”
}
]
} @Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

78. Treadcarefullywithtransactions
Relying on transactions is a bad design smell.
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
{
...
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

79. Changeyour
mindsetin
3keyways
 Embrace document diversity
 Data that is accessed together should be stored together
 Tread carefully with transactions
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

80. Themental
journey from
tables to
documents
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

81. Themental
journey from
tables to
documents
1. Map terms & concepts from tables to documents
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

82. Themental
journey from
tables to
documents
1. Map terms & concepts from tables to documents
2. Discover the 4 major advantages of documents
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

83. Themental
journey from
tables to
documents
1. Map terms & concepts from tables to documents
2. Discover the 4 major advantages of documents
1. Scale cheaper
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

84. Themental
journey from
tables to
documents
1. Map terms & concepts from tables to documents
2. Discover the 4 major advantages of documents
1. Scale cheaper
2. Query faster
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

85. Themental
journey from
tables to
documents
1. Map terms & concepts from tables to documents
2. Discover the 4 major advantages of documents
1. Scale cheaper
2. Query faster
3. Pivot easier
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

86. Themental
journey from
tables to
documents
1. Map terms & concepts from tables to documents
2. Discover the 4 major advantages of documents
1. Scale cheaper
2. Query faster
3. Pivot easier
4. Program faster
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

87. Themental
journey from
tables to
documents
1. Map terms & concepts from tables to documents
2. Discover the 4 major advantages of documents
3. Change your mindset in 3 key ways
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

88. Themental
journey from
tables to
documents
1. Map terms & concepts from tables to documents
2. Discover the 4 major advantages of documents
3. Change your mindset in 3 key ways
1. Embrace document diversity
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

89. Themental
journey from
tables to
documents
1. Map terms & concepts from tables to documents
2. Discover the 4 major advantages of documents
3. Change your mindset in 3 key ways
1. Embrace document diversity
2. Data that is accessed together should be stored together
{
a: “b”,
c: {
d: “e”
...
},
f: [“g”, “h”, “i”]
}
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

90. Themental
journey from
tables to
documents
1. Map terms & concepts from tables to documents
2. Discover the 4 major advantages of documents
3. Change your mindset in 3 key ways
1. Embrace document diversity
2. Data that is accessed together should be stored together
3. Tread carefully with transactions
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

91. Don’tbe
RonSwanson
(in this particular case)
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

92. Changeyour
mindset&
getthefullvalueof
document
databases
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

93. Additional
Resources
• SQL to MongoDB Blog (blog series)
• Quick Start: MongoDB and Node.js (blog series)
• Advanced Schema Design Patterns (webinar)
• Building with Patterns: A Summary (blog series)
• M320: Data Modeling (MongoDB University Course)
• JSON Schema Validation – Locking down your model
the smart way (blog)
@Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo

94. Changeyour
mindset&
getthefullvalueof
document
databases
Give document databases a try using MongoDB Atlas
Get the slides on my Twitter page: @Lauren_Schaefer @Lauren_Schaefer #ndcoslo