Sprain, Strain, Fracture, Dislocation, and Concussion

3. INJURIESINJURIES
 Are damaged tissues or
organs which occur when
it encounters trauma or
physical force that is
greater than what it can
resist or absorb.

5. 1.Inherent Abnormality
2. Age
3. Technique
4. Fitness level
5. Equipment
6. Environmental aspects

6. Tissues and organs that react to impact
and direction of the force:
1.TENSILE FORCES – are those that act
away from the center of the structure,
causing a pull or stretch.
2. COMPRESSIVE FORCES - impact the
center causing it to bend or fold.
3. SHEAR FORCES – are opposing forces
toward the different ends of the structure
causing it to twist.

8. Have signs and
symptoms (e.g., pain,
swelling) that manifest
immediately after force
application.

10. 1. SPRAINS
 Are overstretched
ligaments.
 Can be classified
as mild, moderate,
and severe,
depending on the
loss of function
and the number of
torn fibers.

11. 2. STRAINS
 Are caused
by excessive
stretching
that causes
tears in the
muscle-
tendon unit.

12. 3. FRACTURES
 Are breaks in
the continuity
of the bone. It
usually occurs
as a result of
high impact
forces that
cause the bone
to bend or
twist.

13. 4. DISLOCATION
 Are bones that are pushed
out from their joint
capsule.

14. 5. CONTUSION
 Contusion is
an infiltration
or extravasion
of blood into
the tissue due
to rupture of
vessels by the
application of
blunt force.

15. Have signs and
symptoms that occur
after a long period of
exposure to the force.

17. 1. STRESS FRACTURE
 Stress fractures are tiny cracks in a bone.
Fractures are caused by the repetitive
application of force often by overuse such
as repeatedly jumping up and down or
running long distances.

18. 2. TENDINOPATHY/TENDITIS
 The most common overuse injury in
sports involves the muscle-tendon. It
usually due to muscle imbalance between
muscle pairs.

19. 3. OSTEOARTHRITIS
 It is the wear and tear of a joint
that results to its deterioration.

20. 4. BURSITIS
 Bursa is a small balloon like sac that can
be found around joints and other moving
parts of body such as shoulder, elbow,
knee, foot and ankle. When bursa is
inflamed and filled with fluid, the
condition is known as bursitis and can be
the cause of discomfort and pain.

22. 1. Adopt a Comprehensive Training
Program
2. Use protective equipment and
practice correct technique
3. Incorporate recovery strategies in
the training program
4. Follow rules and decorum during
competition