Management

2. FORMAL
networks that are assigned by
the organizational structure,
charts or other official
documents
INFORMAL
flows outside of the firm’s chain
of command

3. The following techniques have been
found to encourage informal
communication:
1. Emphasizing informality
2. Maintaining an extraordinary level of
communication intensity
3. Giving communication the physical
support

4. Upward Communication
Downward Communication
Horizontal Communication
1
2
3

5. HR department
which initiates and
establishes the process
of internal
communication. HR
department is the one
that lays down various
employee related
policies and has the
complete information
about their
implementation

6. Employees are provided with the employee
Handbook which serves many purposes like:
1. It helps employees learn about company at
their own pace.
2. It provides references regarding policies,
rules and benefits
3. It ensures HRM policies will be consistently
applied.
4. It creates sense of security and
commitment for employees
5. It provides information to recruit
6. It maybe interpreted as implied contract
7. It should be updated continually.

7. COMMUNICATION
exchange of information between people
occurs when one person understands the
meaning of a message
NOISE
all factors that interfere with and
distort communication
FEEDBACK
information about some
behavior and its effects

8. ENCODING
process by which
sender puts a
message in a certain
format to send to the
receiver
DECODING
process by which the
receiver translates
the sender’s
message into an
understandable form