1. English Colonies of North America Lindsey Miller History 140

3. Licensed private adventurers to venture overseas

4. These were primarily well-connected gentlemen from southwest countries of England

5. Such as Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins

6. These adventurers were known as the “West Country Men”

7. Also designed the English assault on Spanish empire

8. Primary goals for going to America:

9. Plant Christian religion, traffic, and to conquer

10. Also reduce homelessness, crime, and poverty in EnglandSir Francis Drake – One of the “West Country Men”

12. Another group sent to colonize Roanoke

13. Leader: John White

14. Returned to England for supplies

15. When he returned in 1590 he found the settlement abandoned1585: Sir Walter Ralegh sent 100 colonist to settle on Roanoke A small island Poor location due to shoals and sand that made it difficult for English ships to land Also had sandy infertile soil Ultimately doomed to fail Colonist demand food from local Algonquian Indians Chief refused eventually and was killed Indians fled Resulted in less food from the colonists since maize was no longer being grown

17. Chief of 33 united Algonquian tribes

18. Indians were intrigued by the technology of the English

19. Powhatan wanted to contain and subject the colonists

20. When demanded too much for food, lashed out

21. Captured Captain John Smith

22. Released him after mock execution ceremony thinking it would make Smith subordinate

23. Smith returned to colonies and continued to harass Powhatan

24. Brutal to Indians

25. Eventually Powhatan was forced to make peaceEnglish Colonists 1607 – English wanted to colonize at Chesapeake Bay after the failure of Roanoke This location had better harbors, fertile land, and navigable rivers Wanted to assimilate natives to English ways Thought Indians would supply them with foods

26. American Colonies: Ch 6 Virginia Tobacco Colonists began cultivating corn, squash and beans Needed a market crop 1616 - Learned how to raise tobacco Large revenues gained from taxing tobacco import Consumers willing to pay high prices for tobacco Crop thrived in Virginia environment Sold in England for about 5 to 10 times as much as it cost to produce in Chesapeake

28. Tribes divided into different local bands

29. Each consisted of a few hundred people

30. Had leading sachem, lesser sachems, shamans, and prestigious warriors

31. Had highly productive horticulture

32. Grew different crops in the same field

33. Had controlled fires to clear forest

34. Regular burnings diminished mice, fleas, and parasites

35. Fertilized the forest floor

36. Labor was gender based

37. Men

38. Hunted, fished, were in war, and made tools/weapons

39. Women

40. Cared for children, built homes, gathered firewood, butchered animals, prepared meals, gathered shellfish, berries, roots and herbs

42. American Colonies: Ch 9 Puritans and Indians 1620-30s Puritans concentrated on expanding rather than converting 1640s Reverend John Eliot took lead on mission to convert Indians Missions demanded Indians to give up their culture Covert or die mentality Converting Puritans believed first step was getting Indians to settle into communities Made communities for them: Praying Towns These towns were appealing to small and weak bands of Indians These groups saw praying towns as last hope for preserving their group identification In the towns had to abandon Algonquian names, body grease, and traditional sports Had to learn long Puritan mode of work Long days of agricultural labor Rest and worship on the Sabbath

43. American Colonies: Ch 9 – Puritans and Indians King Philip’s War Bloodiest Indian War Each side had muskets 1675 Indians destroyed 12 colonist townsin search for revenge for the alienation of their land Puritans felt compelled to kill Indians Began killing Indians in praying towns 1676 Colonist realize they cannot win without Indian allies Turned into a civil war among Indians Allies taught colonists how to avoid ambush and track down rebels Indian rebels ran out of food and ammunition Resistance collapsed, began surrendering War devastated Puritan settlements and Indian villages Killed 1,000 English and 3,000 Indians