2. DIFFERENT TYPES OF “SOLAR”
Light energy
Photovoltaic (PV)
Electricity produced directly from
light
Heat energy
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
• Water Heating
• Solar Water Heating (SWH or Solar
Thermal)
Hot water for domestic use (DHW)
3. TYPES OF SOLAR CELLS
Crystalline Silicon (Mono)
Crystalline Silicon (Poly)
5. SOLAR CELLS & THE PV EFFECT
Usually produced with semiconductor grade
silicon
P/N junction results in .5 volts per cell
Sunlight knocks available electrons loose for
potential electrical current
Wire grid provides path for current
6. PV TERMINOLOGY
Cell Module Array
Cover Glass
Contact Grid
Metal Backing
Auto Reflective
Coating
Silicon layers
Layers of a Solar Cell
7. GRID-TIED AND OFF-GRID SYSTEM
Advantages
Low: Easy to install (less
components)
Grid can supply power
Disadvantages
No power when grid goes
down
Grid- Tied System Off- Grid System
8. INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATION BODIES
IEC: International Electro-technical
Commission
UL: Underwriter Laboratories Inc.
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers
CEN: European Committee for
Standardization
9. IMPORTANT TERMS
VOC : Open Circuit Voltage
ISC : Short Circuit Current
VMP : Voltage at Maximum Power
IMP : Current at Maximum Power
MPPT: Maximum Power Point Tracker
PMax : Maximum Power
Power= Watt (AC)
Power= Wattp (DC)
11. E.G., MODULE (CANADIAN SOLAR)
CERTIFICATES
IEC 61215: Module’s mechanical stability and compliance with electrical parameters
IEC 61730: Module meet the requirements for electrical and mechanical operating
safety during it entire expected service life.
IEC 61701: Salt Mist Corrosion Test
Accelerated corrosion test to the coated PV modules to predict its suitability in use
as a protective finish.
IEC 62716: Ammonia Corrosion Test
In farms. Ammonia leads to ageing of PV modules. Degradation leads to lower
energy yield and therefore, a lower return rate for the operator.
IEC 62804 : Potential Induced Degradation Test(PID)
PID test helps in the mounting of the modules. This test is done due to the contact
with the ground.
13. CRYSTALLINE PV PRODUCT VS. THIN-FILM PV PRODUCT
o Firm, like crystals
o Longest track record,
over 50 years
o Most common, over
85% of the market
o Highest efficiencies:
avg. 15%, up to 22%
o Requires about 100 sf.
per kilowatt
oCan be applied on
many different materials
oLongevity still to be
proven
oProduction growing at
high rate
oLower efficiencies: avg.
7%, up to 15%
oHas potential for big
cost reduction
oRequires about 200 sf.
per kilowatt
14. SITE SELECTION – TILT ANGLE
Tilt = Angle at which the collectors are mounted relative
to 0º (flat horizontal surface)
16. MOUNTING SYSTEMS
Roof Mounted
System
Metal Roof
(Corrugated Iron)
Tiled Roof
Hanger Bolts
Building
Integrated
Non- Penetrating
Clamp Mount
Ballast Mount
Raked Systems
Ground Mounted
System
Small Fixed
Modular Systems
Fixed, Pile Driven
Tracking Systems
18. INVERTERS
...…CONTINUED
Isolated Inverter
Inverters which have at
least a simple separation
between input and
output circuits.
Non Isolated Inverter
Inverters which does not
have at least a simple
separation between input
and output circuits.
IEC 62548 symbols (Design Requirements)
22. STRINGING (100 KW SOLAR POWER PLANT) Using ‘Canadian
Solar’ modules
(300 W) and
‘Delta RPI
M20A’ and
‘Delta RPI
M30A’
Inverters.Total no. of
Modules=
100000/300 =
333.33 ≈ 334
RPI M20A can have
4 inputs, where as
RPI M30A can have
6 inputs. Therefore,
there will be 20
inputs as we will use
2 RPI M20 A and 2
RPI M30A inverters.
Also 334/20= 16.7,
which implies that
no. of modules in a
string per input will
be 16 or 17.
RPI
M30A
RPI
M30A
RPI
M20A
RPI
M20A
29.7 kW
20.4 kW
20.4 kW
29.7 kW
100.2 kW
17 X 3
16 X 3
17 X 4
17 X 4
16 X 3
17 X 3
24. CUF VS. PR
Capacity Utilization
Factor(CUF)= Energy
Measured(kWh)/(365*
24*installed capacity
of the plant)
Performance Ratio(PR) for
a period of time= Energy
measured(kWh)/(Irradiance
(kWh/m2) on the panel x
Active area of PV
module(m2) x PV module
efficiency)
25. NET METERING
The utility grid is a two-way street!
Electricity can be “sent back” to the grid by the customer.
26. REMOTE MONITORING
Extra hardware sends inverter
data to internet
Inverter company or 3rd party
hosts website
Customer can view system
from home or remotely
Current and historical data can
be displayed
29. PRESENT PV SCENARIO IN INDIA
In terms of overall installed PV capacity, India comes fourth after
Japan, Germany and U.S.
(With Installed capacity of 110 MW)
In the area of Photovoltaics India today is the second largest
manufacturer in the world of PV panels based on crystalline solar
cells.
(Industrial production in this area has reached a level of 11 MW per
year which is about 10% of the world’s total PV production)
A major drive has also been initiated by the Government to export
Indian PV products, systems, technologies and services
(Solar Photovoltaic plant and equipment has been exported to
countries in the Middle East and Africa)
30. A STEP TOWARDS ACHIEVING THE VISION
The Delhi Government has decided to make use of solar power
compulsory for lighting up hoardings and for street lighting
31. “ By the year 2030, India should achieve Energy Independence through solar power and other
forms of renewable energy ”
Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
President of India
Independence Day Speech,
2005
GLOBAL SCENARIO
Solar Electric Energy demand has grown consistently by 20-25% per annum
over the past 20 years (from 26 MW back in 1980 to 127MW in 1997)
At present solar photovoltaic is not the prime contributor to the electrical
capacities but the pace at which advancement of PV technology and with the
rising demand of cleaner source of energy it is expected by 2030 solar PV will
have a leading role in electricity generation
Research is underway for new fabrication techniques, like those used for
microchips. Alternative materials like cadmium sulfide and gallium arsenide
,thin-film cells are in development
36. (3)
Inverter Shed
Inverter
Cable Tray (For Rooftop, and also
used in Trenches in Control Room )
PVC Condute
(Protection of
wires)
Column
Rafter
Module
Connecting
Clamp
WMD
(Weather
Monitoring
Device
Radiation
Sensor
PCC/RCC
Foundation
37. JAKSON MANUFACTURING PLANT
DG Sets
(1)
Jakson: Original Equipment
Manufacturer (OEM)
(Jakson only assembles the equipments)
Cummins & Stamford: Diesel Engine
39. Machine Shop
(3)
• Automatic
Machines
• Two Punching
machines
• Three Wending
Machines
40. Fabrication
(4)
• MIG Welding
• Power Coating
• Power Curing Oven
• Oil Surface Removal
• Chemical Wash
• Phosphating
• Passivation
• Water Drying Oven
• Compartment Boot (Automatic Painting)
• Final Oven
41. Solar
(5)
Dimension: 156 x 156 mm
200 W
Thickness: 200 µm
Sheet: EVA (Ethyl Vinyl Acetate)
• Laser Cutting
• Tabbing and Stringing
• Bussing and Layering
• Test for Bubbles and Dust
• EL (Electro Luminous) Tester
• Automatic Lamination Machine
• Sun Simulator (IV Curve to test the Output
current and Output Voltage
