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Conditionals: first and
second
Try to complete the following sentences
 I always have a great time if…
 When I can’t sleep well…
 As soon as I get home…
1st conditional
 To talk about possible present or future situations and
their result.
 Structure:
[CLAUSE 1] + [CLAUSE 2]
If / unless + Any present tense + will / won’t
modal verb
imperative mood
 If we pass the exam, our parents will let us go on vacation.
 I will finish my work tomorrow, unless my children take up all my time.
 NOTICE that unless (if + not) adds a negative meaning, so the verb used in the
same clause is in the affirmative form.
“If I could live my life all over…”
 How would you end this sentence?
Friends and the second conditional
What would they want
if they were
omnipotent?
2nd conditional
 To talk about hypothetical or improbable situations in the present or future.
 Structure:
 If I were/was braver, I could watch more horror films.
 He might try to learn physics if he weren’t so bad at maths.
CLAUSE 1
If + past tense (simple or
continuous)
If + could
CLAUSE 2
Would + infinitive
Could + infinitive
If after I / he / she / it
After the singular pronouns or singular subjects, both was
or were can be used.
If it was warmer, we could have a swim.
If your sister were here, she’d know what to do.
To give advice starting with If I were you…
normally just the form were is used.
Here we don’t normally use If I was you…
i.e.: If I were you, I’d buy a new computer.
Speaking round!
If you could be an animal, what animal
would you be?
If your smartphone fell into the toilet, what
would you do?
If you could have a superpower, which one
would you have?
If you there was a time machine and you
could travel in time, when would you go?
If you won a lot of money, what would be
the first thing you would do?
If you could ask for three wishes, what
would you ask for?
Let’s identify the
structure
3rd conditional
 To talk about a hypothetical situation in the past.
 Structure:
 They could have stayed together, if they had been sincere to each other.
 If I had been saving money, now I wouldn’t have borrowed it from my parents.
CLAUSE 1
If + past perfect (simple or
continuous)
CLAUSE 2
Would have + past participle
Could have + past participle
Might have + past participle
Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
2. If you would win the lottery, what would you do?
Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
2. Suppose you would win the lottery, what would
you do?
Suppose you won the lottery, what would you do?
Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
• I’ve bought some food if Marianne and John came
round for dinner.
Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
• I’ve bought some food in case Marianne and John
came round for dinner.
I’ve bought some food in case Marianne and John
came round for dinner.
Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
• Unless Brian will instruct us otherwise, we will
close the shop at 7.
Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so
they are correct.
• Unless Brian will instruct us otherwise, we will
close the shop at 7.
Unless Brian instructs us otherwise, we will close
the shop at 7.
Conditionals: first & second

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Conditionals: first & second

  • 2. Try to complete the following sentences  I always have a great time if…  When I can’t sleep well…  As soon as I get home…
  • 3.
  • 4. 1st conditional  To talk about possible present or future situations and their result.  Structure: [CLAUSE 1] + [CLAUSE 2] If / unless + Any present tense + will / won’t modal verb imperative mood  If we pass the exam, our parents will let us go on vacation.  I will finish my work tomorrow, unless my children take up all my time.  NOTICE that unless (if + not) adds a negative meaning, so the verb used in the same clause is in the affirmative form.
  • 5.
  • 6. “If I could live my life all over…”  How would you end this sentence?
  • 7. Friends and the second conditional What would they want if they were omnipotent?
  • 8. 2nd conditional  To talk about hypothetical or improbable situations in the present or future.  Structure:  If I were/was braver, I could watch more horror films.  He might try to learn physics if he weren’t so bad at maths. CLAUSE 1 If + past tense (simple or continuous) If + could CLAUSE 2 Would + infinitive Could + infinitive
  • 9. If after I / he / she / it After the singular pronouns or singular subjects, both was or were can be used. If it was warmer, we could have a swim. If your sister were here, she’d know what to do.
  • 10. To give advice starting with If I were you… normally just the form were is used. Here we don’t normally use If I was you… i.e.: If I were you, I’d buy a new computer.
  • 12. If you could be an animal, what animal would you be?
  • 13. If your smartphone fell into the toilet, what would you do?
  • 14. If you could have a superpower, which one would you have?
  • 15. If you there was a time machine and you could travel in time, when would you go?
  • 16. If you won a lot of money, what would be the first thing you would do?
  • 17. If you could ask for three wishes, what would you ask for?
  • 19. 3rd conditional  To talk about a hypothetical situation in the past.  Structure:  They could have stayed together, if they had been sincere to each other.  If I had been saving money, now I wouldn’t have borrowed it from my parents. CLAUSE 1 If + past perfect (simple or continuous) CLAUSE 2 Would have + past participle Could have + past participle Might have + past participle
  • 20.
  • 21. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so they are correct. 2. If you would win the lottery, what would you do?
  • 22. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so they are correct. 2. Suppose you would win the lottery, what would you do? Suppose you won the lottery, what would you do?
  • 23. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so they are correct. • I’ve bought some food if Marianne and John came round for dinner.
  • 24. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so they are correct. • I’ve bought some food in case Marianne and John came round for dinner. I’ve bought some food in case Marianne and John came round for dinner.
  • 25. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so they are correct. • Unless Brian will instruct us otherwise, we will close the shop at 7.
  • 26. Rewrite the sentences with mistakes so they are correct. • Unless Brian will instruct us otherwise, we will close the shop at 7. Unless Brian instructs us otherwise, we will close the shop at 7.