MIPI DevCon 2020 keynote address by Andreas Lock, Ph.D., vice president, development, Electronic Control Units and SW Excellence, Robert Bosch GmbH

1. Andreas Lock
Robert BOSCH GmbH
Trends for future
in-vehicle communication

2. Powertrain Solutions | PS/NE-SC, AE-BE/EKE | 2020-09-22
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2020. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.© Robert Bosch GmbH 2016. Alle Rechte vorbehalten, auch bzgl. jeder Verfügung, Verwertung, Reproduktion, Bearbeitung, Weitergabe sowie für den Fall von Schutzrechtsanmeldungen.
4
Trends for future in-vehicle communication
connected
car2car
electronic horizon
smartphone integration
eCall cloud
fleet management
augmented reality
services
electrified
plug-in
hybrid
battery
e-motor
power electronics
range
charging infrastructure
fun-to-drive
eBike
eScooter
costs
automated
driver assistance
valet parking
emergency braking
redundancy
sensors
autopilot
highway-pilot
electric steering
legislation
Future Mobility: Electrified, Automated and Connected

3. Powertrain Solutions | PS/NE-SC, AE-BE/EKE | 2020-09-22
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2020. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
(R)Evolution of the E/E Architecture
Trends for future in-vehicle communication
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Performance ECUs e.g. (Cross-)Domain Control Unit,
(Cross-)Domain Computer, Vehicle Control Computer
Optional ECUs (e.g. Central Gateway)typ. state of the art automotive ECUs (function specific)
Domain independent Zone ECUs Domain specific Zone ECUs (e.g. todays Door ECU)
Sensors/Actuators ECU = Electronic Control Unit
Distributed
E/E Architecture
mainly encapsulated
E/E architecture structure
(Cross) Domain Centralized E/E
Architecture
to handle complexity of
increasing cross domain
functions
TOMORROWTODAY
Vehicle Centralized E/E Architecture
domain independent vehicle centralized
approach with central vehicle brain(s) and
neural network (zones): Logical
centralization and physical distribution
FUTUREVISION Vehicle Computer
Vehicle Cloud
Computing
Domain Fusion
Domain
Centralization
Integration
Modular
Trend
Vehicle
volumes w/w
2025 2030
electrified
automated
connected

4. Powertrain Solutions | PS/NE-SC, AE-BE/EKE | 2020-09-22
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2020. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Function Repartitioning - Example: Function Split in Powertrain
Trends for future in-vehicle communication
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Benefits:
• Encapsulation of HW variance of different powertrain types
• Focus of OEM differentiation on Central CU
• Flexibility in the choice of powertrain actuators like internal
combustion engine, gearbox, e-machine, …
• Chance for higher degree of standardization on Engine CU to
„Smart Actuator CUs“.
Function Split in Powertrain is…
… in field w/ some passenger car OEMs
… state of the art for commercial vehicles
… aligned with market trends
… analyzed & proven in VIP demonstrator vehicles
CU = Control Unit
ECU = Engine Control Unit
VIP = Vehicle Integration Platform
Modular extension/replacement
dependent on PT type
SW-Adaption to equipped
actuators & topology
ECU
smart Act.
Transm. CU
eAxle / InverterVIP / Central CU
Battery CU
High performance computing servers in combination w/ separation technologies allow
a repartitioning of functions and a split of control loops and signal chains boosting requirements on IVN

5. Powertrain Solutions | PS/NE-SC, AE-BE/EKE | 2020-09-22
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2020. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
PC and UAT systems have different configurations & capabilities
Trends for future in-vehicle communication
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Two Applications
Two Targets
Two Systems15+
sensors
40+
sensors

6. Powertrain Solutions | PS/NE-SC, AE-BE/EKE | 2020-09-22
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2020. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Requirements for future In-Vehicle Network (IVN)
Trends for future in-vehicle communication
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„ High bandwidth, high throughput
„ Complementary SerDes asymmetric high speed communication
for end point devices (cameras, displays, sensors)
„ Fill the gaps in embedded area (10BASE-T1S, CAN XL)
„ IVN homogenization towards Ethernet / IP but
„ Coexistence with legacy automotive technologies
„ Demand on QoS, network availability, security, … è Ethernet/TSN
„ Dynamic reconfiguration è Software Defined Networking (SDN)
„ Cloud connectivity (quickly becoming a more integral part of E/E-A)
100Mb … Multi Gig Ethernet
10MB .. 100Mb Ethernet
CAN, -FD/-XL, FLX, LIN, …
Distributed & new functions and split signal chains lead to increasing requirements for the IVN

7. Powertrain Solutions | PS/NE-SC, AE-BE/EKE | 2020-09-22
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2020. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Technology solution portfolio
Trends for future in-vehicle communication
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Powertrain
Body
Infotainment
Vehicle Motion
& Safety
2010 2016 2020
Camera Systems
Diagnostics
Domain ECU
Backbone
CAN FR
CAN
CAN
CAN
CAN
CAN
CAN
CAN
CAN
CAN CAN
FR FR
FR
CAN FD
CAN FD
100BASE-T1
100BASE-T1
100BASE-T1
100BASE-T1
100BASE-TX
100BASE-T1
OABR**
100BASE-TX
SerDes SerDes
OABR*MOST
VehicleDomainsSpecificApps
CAN FD
CAN FD MOST
Analog SerDes
Possibility to be phased out
1000BASE-T1
1000BASE-T1
1000BASE-T1
100BASE-TX
1000BASE-T1
1000BASE-T1
Analog
MOST
100BASE-T1
SOC = Service oriented Communication * = MIPI® A-PHY℠ / D-PHY℠ **OABR = Open Alliance BroadR-Reach
CentralComputerVehicleZone
Backbone
PHY
100BASE-T1
1000BASE-T1
Multi Gig
Proprietary
Backbone
Layer 2+
AVB
TSN
IPv4
IPv6
Seamless cloud
integration
202x
100BASE-T1
1000BASE-T1
Multi Gig
CAN FD/XL
ECU
Sensor/
Actuator
AVB
TSN
SOC
100BASE-T1
1000BASE-T1
Multi Gig
SoC
SOC
FlexRay
FlexRay
10BASE-T1S
10BASE-T1S
LIN
CAN FD/XL
AVB
TSN
LIN
SerDes*
SerDes *

8. M/NEE-Henkel | 2019-06-25
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Bandwidth of Technologies in Automotive Landscape
Trends for future in-vehicle communication
8 1) with LVDS: A-PHY / D-PHY
LIN
bit/s
1
Mbit/s
10
Mbit/s
100
Mbit/s
1
Gbit/s
10
Gbit/s
0,1
Mbit/s
CAN
FlexRay
3G - 5G
asymmetric
0,01
Mbit/s
symmetric
Vehicle2X (vehicle, cloud)
Vehicle Computer Net
Embedded Network
Sensor- / ECU-Bus
SerDes1)
Camera, Radar, Lidar
Automotive Ethernet
Point2Point
switchable2)
unswitchable
2) direct communication between more than 2 ECUs possible

9. Powertrain Solutions | PS/NE-SC, AE-BE/EKE | 2020-09-22
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2020. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Hardware Acceleration (HWA) – a possible solution for future IVN
Trends for future in-vehicle communication
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Today´s solution with software Future solution with HWA Improvement
Throughput < 1 Gb/s (multi core) > 10 Gb/s > 10 x
Throughput in events/s < 200k > 10M 50 x
Jitter/Latency up to 1ms < 20µs 50 x
Multi-protocol Implemented in SW implemented in HW
Virtualization Available for Ethernet
Generalized virtualization
concept
Security
DMA based SW offload
encryption/authentication
In band
encryption/authentication
Configuration Typically pre-build configuration Runtime configurable
0
500
1 000
1 500
2018 2020 2022 2024 2026
Data Volume (2018-22 RFQ, 23-27
prediction)
Mb/s
Increasing factors:
- Automated
- Connected (e.g. FOTA)
- Electrified
- Shared
µP
Vehicle Computer/Central Gateway/Domain Control Unit/Zone
µC
Ethernet
Switch
CAN FR LIN
Technical limitation*
by SW approach
µP
Vehicle Computer/Central Gateway/Domain Control Unit/Zone
µC w/ HWA
CAN FR LIN
Throughput demand Today solution with software Future solution with HWA
Eth Eth
* single core

10. Powertrain Solutions | PS/NE-SC, AE-BE/EKE | 2020-09-22
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2020. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Security Aspects
Trends for future in-vehicle communication
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2
Integrity protection of
critical in-vehicle signals
and messages
In-vehicle network
1
ECU software and data
integrity protection
Individual ECU
4
Vehicle firewall and
security standards for
external interfaces
Connected Vehicle
Protected and separated
domains by E/E architecture
and gateway
3
E/E-Architecture
ADAS = Advanced Driver
Assistance System
BCM = Body Control Module
ECU = Electrical Control Unit
GW = Gateway
HU = Head Unit
PT = Power Train
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Network communication
behavior is monitored and
analyzed
Intrusion Detection Sys.
OBD Secure
Manufacturing
HU BCM
…
…
Gateway
…
…
PT
…
ADAS
…
OBD
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Secure generation and
injection of
cryptographic material
Secure Manufacturing
Ø Increasing communication bandwidth in future EE-architectures and the call for more and more Security Functionality in the car requires
Hardware Acceleration for Firewall and Intrusion Detection System (IDS) functionality and efficient implementations of Security protocols (e.g.
SecOC, MACsec).

11. Powertrain Solutions | PS/NE-SC, AE-BE/EKE | 2020-09-22
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2020. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Summary
Trends for future in-vehicle communication
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„ Automated, Connected , Electrified & Shared (ACES) drive …
„ … the significant growth of (cross domain) functions and system characteristics like safety and cyber security
„ … the functional centralization and hence introduction of vehicle integration platforms (central / zonal)
„ … increasing interactions with the cloud, infrastructure and other mobile devices (C2X)
„ Modern In-vehicle communication will provide
„ Higher bandwidth, QoS enforcement and management of dynamically changing communication requirements
„ Integration of different bus technologies preserving investments in legacy communication
„ Excel in performance and security at competitive costs leveraging HW accelerators (e.g. EDE, HSM)
„ Automotive industry will increasingly build on synergies between automotive and mobile device technologies
(esp. MIPI® D-PHY℠, MIPI® A-PHY℠, MIPI® I3C℠)
„ Specific automotive requirements might be introduced into MIPI-standards
(e.g. longer reach, harsh environment, high temperature, reliability, safety, security)