Licinio Sousa of Synopsys describes the key advantages of the latest MIPI C-PHY℠ and D-PHY℠ specifications and how designers are implementing them in multipixel cameras and high-resolution displays targeting mobile, drone and automotive applications.

1. Licinio Sousa
Synopsys
Why an Integrated MIPI C-PHY/
D-PHY IP is Essential

2. © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc.
A G E N D A MIPI Camera and Display Market Trends
MIPI Camera & Display Standards
MIPI for Consumer & Automotive: Implementation Examples
MIPI CSI-2
D-PHY C-PHY
MIPI DSI/DSI-2
D-PHY C-PHY

3. © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc.
Camera Innovations for Growing Vision Processing Needs
For Human Vision and Machine Vision
Image source: Qualcomm.com,Omnivision.com, NXP.com
• 100+ mega-pixel image sensors
• AI-enabled image sensors
• Mobile More pixels, more and bigger image sensors
• Vision systems - the heart of automotive ADAS/IVI
– HDR, SNR, NIR, resolution, size, power, ASIL x /Grade x
– Multiple IS combined with other sensing technologies
• IoT, edge, MCUs with machine vision capabilities
– Face recognition for home appliances

4. © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc.
Dual Display, Foldable, 120Hz, Higher Resolutions
Display Innovations Driven by Mobile and Automotive

5. © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc.
MIPI CSI-2
D-PHY C-PHY
MIPI DSI/DSI-2
D-PHY C-PHY
MIPI Camera and Display Specifications
Evolving to Address Growing Imaging Needs

6. © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc.
MIPI Physical Layers
M I P I D - P H Y M I P I C - P H Y
• Source synchronous architecture
• High-speed and low-power modes for efficiency
• Proven, mature and widely adopted
• Higher bandwidth transmission on restricted channels
– CoG, CoF, CoP
• Key concepts: trios and 3-phase encoding
• Bitrate ~2.28x the signaling rate
• Single ended drivers; differential receivers
HS DP/DN
LP DP
LP DN
HS CKP/CKN
LP CKP
LP CKN
LP DP
LP DN
LP CKP
LP CKN
A
B
C
AB
BC
CA
Differential RxSingle-Ended Tx
CDR
DEC
D-MAP
1.5G 2.5G 4.5G
SSC
4.5G
aLP/fBTA
9G
Timeline
v1.2 v2.1 v2.5 v3.0v1.1
Timeline
2.5G 3.5G 6G
v1.2 v2.0v1.x

7. © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc.
• Electrical specs are similar
• Low-power modes are identical
• Most of the of the circuits are re-used
– Aside from line drivers/receivers,
• C-PHY and D-PHY pins can co-exist in 10 pins
– 4 lanes and 3 trios
• Satisfies most important KPI
– Maturity
– Backwards compatibility
– Flexibility
– Performance
– Power efficiency
– EMI
The Best of Both Worlds
Integrated MIPI C-PHY/D-PHY Solution
MIPI CSI-2 and DSI/DSI-2 Controllers
Integrated MIPI C-PHY/D-PHY
Data
Lane 0
Data
Lane 1
Clklane Data
Lane 2
Data
Lane 3
Trio 0 Trio 1 Trio 2
dp0 dn0 dp1 dn1 ckp ckn dp2 dn2 dp3 dn3
D-PHY or C-PHY/D-PHY
devices
t0_1 t0_2 t0_3 t1_1 t1_2 t1_3 t2_1 t2_2 t2_3

8. © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc.
MIPI CSI-2 Going From Mobile to a Vision Platform
Evolving to Address Growing Vision Processing Needs
MIPI CSI-2 V1.x
RES
FPS
BPP
CCI
MIPI CSI-2 V2.x
VCx
PSD
LRTE
DPCM
MIPI CSI-2 V3.x
USL
SROI
RAW24
MIPI CSI-2 V4.x
AOSC
FSAF
A-PHY
ISEC
RAW16/20
MIPI C-PHY
MIPI D-PHY
Mobile Vision Platform

9. © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc.
MIPI DSI/DSI-2: Defacto Interface for Embedded Displays
MIPI DSI V1.x
RES
FPS
BPP
MIPI DSI-2 V1.1
PSD
VESA
VDC-M
MIPI DSI-2 V1.2
CONTENT
MIPI A-PHY
MIPI D-PHY
MIPI C-PHY
Mobile Embedded Display
VESA DSC1.1
FSAF
OTHER

10. © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc.
Use Case with DesignWare MIPI C-PHY/D-PHY IP Solution
Case Studies: Enabling Camera ISP and Enhanced Mobile Display Quality
CSI-2
Host Combo
Controller
CD-PHY
Rx
CSI-2 Device
Combo
Controller
CD-PHY
Tx
Application
Processor
AI enabled
video/ image
processing
path
CD-PHY
Rx
CD-PHY
Rx
CD-PHY
Tx
CD-PHY
Tx
MIPI CSI-2
Host Combo
Controller
CD-PHY
Rx
MIPI CSI-2
Device
Combo
Controller
CD-PHY
Tx
Application
Processor
AI enabled
Video/Image
processing path
CD-PHY
Rx
CD-PHY
Rx
CD-PHY
Tx
CD-PHY
Tx
DSI2
Device
Combo
Control
ler
CD-
PHYRx
DSI-2 Host
Combo
Controller
CD-
PHYTx
Application
Processor
Video/
image
processing
path
DSI2 Device
Combo
Controller
CD-PHY
Rx
DSI2 Host
Combo
Controller
CD-PHY
Tx
Application
Processor
Video/Image
processing
path

11. © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc.
Interop With State-Of-The-Art Image Sensor & DJI SoC Platform
• To satisfy challenging camera
interface bandwidth requirements
for the next generation camera
drone products
• DJI’s SoC platform successfully
interoperating with advanced 64
mega-pixel sensor up to 3.5 Gsps
DJI use case with DesignWare C-PHY/ D-PHY IP Solution
Synopsys DesignWare C-PHY/D-PHY
IP in 12nm + 64MP image sensor
Synopsys HW setup

12. © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc.
Example of MIPI In An Automotive Application
MIPI CSI-2 Sensors & DSI Displays
Aggregator
Aggregator
ECU/ADAS/IVI
Long Reach
Long Reach
Long Reach

13. © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc.
Automotive Grade IP Essentials
Reduce Risk and Accelerate Qualification for Automotive SoCs
Meet quality levels required for automotive applications
Reduce risk & development time for
AEC-Q100 qualification of SoCs
Accelerate ISO 26262 functional safety assessments to help
ensure designers reach target ASIL levels
Reliability
Functional Safety
Quality

14. © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc.
Valens use case with DesignWare C-PHY/D-PHY IP Solution
Valens automotive technology enables in-vehicle high-speed links for
cameras and sensors with long-reach CSI-2
For Next-Generation Long-Reach CSI-2 Connectivity

15. © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc.
Summary

16. © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc.
DesignWare MIPI IP Solution for Camera & Display
CSI-2
TX
C-PHY/D-PHYTx
D-PHYTx
CSI-2
RX
C-PHY/D-PHYRx
D-PHYRx
DSI-2
TX
+
DSC
C-PHY/D-PHYTx
D-PHYTx
Image Sensor IC
Host Processor / SoC
Display Driver IC
DSI-2
RX
+
DSC
C-PHY/D-PHYRx
D-PHYRx
D-PHY and C-PHY/D-PHY Solution
• D-PHY v1.2
• Integrated C-PHY v1.2 / D-PHY v2.1
• Controllers supporting key features
of the latest specifications
• 2.5 Gbps & 4.5 Gbps / 3.5 Gsps
• Available in 40-nm - 5-nm
• ASIL B Ready ISO 26262 certified IP
• 500+ licenses; 30+ test chips
• Adopted by tier1s
• Mobile/drone/DSC/ surveillance/IoT
• interoperability with wide range of
devices