How the Present Industry Industry Infrastructure is and How its moving ahead form Hypervisors to Docker,Kubernetes Shreyas MM www.shreyasmm.com

1. Containers and Cloud:
From LXC to Docker to Kubernetes
Shreyas MM
www.shreyasmm.com

2. Cloud Systems with Hypervisor
Apps – Django, Rails, Structs, Hybernate
Guest OS – RedHat ,Ubuntu, CentOS

3. Many payloads
● Backend services (API)
● Databases
● Distributed stores
● Webapps
● Go
● Java
● Node.js
● PHP
● Python
● Ruby
● CherryPy
● Django
● Flask
● Plone
+ Your Code

4. Many Targets
 Your local development environment
 Your coworkers' development environment
 Your Q&A team's test environment
 Some random demo/test server
 The staging server(s)
 The production server(s)
 Bare metal
 Virtual machines
 Shared hosting

5. What the Problem ? The Matrix from Hell

6. What the Problem ? The Matrix from Hell

7. Real World Cargo Transport Pre-1960

8. Another Matrix from Hell

9. Solution - Containers

10. Solution: Intermodal Shipping Container

11. Solution - Containers

12. Linux Containers (LXC)
• Units of software delivery (ship it!)
• Run everywhere
– Regardless of kernel version
– Regardless of host distro
– (but container and host architecture must match*)
• Run anything
– If it can run on the host, it can run in the container
– i.e., if it can run on a Linux kernel, it can run

13. What are Linux Containers exactly?
High level approach: it's a lightweight VM
• Own process space
• Own network interface
• Can run stuff as root
• Can have its own /sbin/init
(different from the host)

14. What are Linux Containers exactly?
Low level approach: it's chroot on steroids
• Can also not have its own /sbin/init
• Container = isolated process(es)
• Share kernel with host

15. Containers Implementation History
Different OS Implement Differently
• Unix – chroot (1979)
• FreeBSD – jails
• Solaris 11 – zones
• HP-UX containers
• IBM AIX workload partitions.
• Linux - LXC

16. Docker
• Docker is an open source project
• Systematic way to automate the faster deployment of Linux
applications inside portable containers
• Docker extends LXC with a kernel-and application-level API that
together run processes in isolation: CPU, memory, I/O, network
• Docker containers are created using base images

17. Docker is a Container System for Code

18. Docker Eliminates the Matrix from Hell

19. Docker Eliminates the Matrix from Hell
Containers are Isolated , but
Share OS & Where appropriate
Bins/Libs

20. Containers before Docker

21. Containers After Docker

22. How Docker Works
• You can build Docker images that hold your applications
• You can create Docker containers from those Docker images to run
your applications.
• You can share those Docker images via Docker Hub or your own
registry

23. Docker File
• Like a Makefile (shell script with keywords)
• Extends from a Base Image
• Results in a new Docker Image
• A Docker file lists the steps needed to build an images
• docker build is used to run a Docker file
• Can define default command for docker run, ports to expose, etc

24. Docker File

25. Some Docker Cmds
docker run => Create a new container
docker stop => Stop a running container
docker start => Start an existing container
docker restart => Restart an existing container
docker ps => List existing containers
docker inspect => Get low-level container/image information
docker rm => Delete an existing container
docker exec => Run a command in a running container

26. Docker Benefits
Packaging and distribution Sandboxing Networking

27. Docker Benefits
Orchestration Identity Authorization

28. Kubernetes
Kubernetes is an open source
orchestration system for containers

29. Kubernetes
POD = Group of tightly coupled containers
▸ Various services composing an application
▸ All containers always scheduled on same node
▸ Unique IP address per POD
▸ Do not reschedule themselves
CONTROLLER = Implements the control loop
▸ Ensures desired # of pods are running

30. Kubernetes
Kubernetes is an open source
orchestration system for containers

31. POD & CONTROLLER DEFINITION
SAMPLE

32. Kubernetes Services
▸ Logical abstraction for a set of pods
▸ Label selector express which pods implement a given service
▸ Defines a public endpoint similar to a Virtual IP
▸ exposes 1 or more TCP/UDP ports
▸ Forwards requests to pods through DNAT (Destination NAT)

33. SERVICE DEFINITION SAMPLE

34. Kubernetes LABELS AND SELECTORS
▸ Labels: metadata (key/value pairs) applied to resources
▸ Examples:
environment = { dev | qa | staging | prod}
network_qos = { standard | premium | guaranteed }

35. Containers, docker, and Kubernetes seem to have
Sparked the hope of a universal Cloud application and
Deployment technology.
Conclusion

36. • Containers and Cloud: From LXC to Docker to Kubernetes –DAVID BERNSTEIN
• www.docker.com
• www.kubernetes.com
• P. Mell and T. Grance, The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing: Recommendations
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Special Publication
800-145, 2011.
References

37. Thank You
Shreyas MM
@MMShreyas
www.shreyasmm.com