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Openresty
- 1. OpenResty A Fast and Scalable Web Platform by Extending NGINX with LuaJIT
- 2. OpenResty Lua‑nginx‑module 等多数の3rd party 製module を含んだNginx 作者はlua‑nginx‑module のメンテナの方 2
- 3. lua‑nginx‑module Nginx をLua / LuaJIT で処理するためのモジュール ≒ Nginx‑Lua (ngx_lua) 4/14現在, "ngx_lua v0.10.8 released on 8 April 2017." の記述 API は全てNon‑Blocking I/O で書かれている nginx.confに Lua スクリプトを埋め込んだり 拡張モジュールを作成できる 3
- 4. Nginx‑Lua復習 nginx anc test with docker (Toshiyuki Terashita, 2016/03/18 技術交流会) nginx にLua を組み込んだもの nginx のevent モデルで動く mruby は速いがi/o でスレッドを奪ってしまう 4
- 8. 復習終わり 8
- 9. OpenResty At least the following Lua libraries and Nginx modules can be used with this ngx_lua module: lua‑resty‑memcached lua‑resty‑mysql lua‑resty‑redis lua‑resty‑dns lua‑resty‑upload lua‑resty‑websocket lua‑resty‑lock etc ... 9
- 10. ex.) lua‑resty‑redis server { location /test { content_by_lua_block { local redis = require "resty.redis" local red = redis:new() red:set_timeout(1000) -- 1 sec local ok, err = red:connect("127.0.0.1", 6379) if not ok then ngx.say("failed to connect: ", err) return end ok, err = red:set("dog", "an animal") if not ok then ngx.say("failed to set dog: ", err) return end 10
- 11. Test Suite Nginx version >= 1.4.2 Perl modules: Test::Nginx: https://github.com/openrety/test‑nginx Nginx modules: ngx_devel_kit ngx_set_misc ngx_auth_request (this is not needed if you're using Nginx 1.5.4+. ngx_echo ngx_memc ngx_srcache etc ... 11
- 12. Directives 12
- 13. 13
- 14. init_by_lua Nginxが HUP を受けた時, confをリロードした時などに呼ばれる lua_shared_dict もここで使える(後述) v0.9.17 以降は init_by_lua_block 推奨 init_by_lua 'cjson = require "cjson"'; server { location = /api { content_by_lua_block { ngx.say(cjson.encode({dog = 5, cat = 6})) } } 14
- 16. set_by_lua 実行結果をNginxの変数に設定する このディレクティブ実行中にイベントループがブロックされる => 時間のかかる処理はやめるべき このディレクティブ内では ngx.say や ngx.send_headers , ngx.exit , ngx.location.capture* , ngx.socket.tcp , ngx.req.socket 等は使えない set $foo 32; set_by_lua $bar 'return tonumber(ngx.var.foo) + 1'; set $baz "bar: $bar"; # $baz == "bar: 33" 16
- 17. content_by_lua content handler として動作する 他の content handler ディレクティブと同じロケーションで実行しないで、とある content_by_lua_block { ngx.say("I need no extra escaping here, for example: rnblah") } 17
- 18. rewrite_by_lua rewrite phase handler として動作する Nginx標準の ngx_http_rewrite_module の後に実行される location /foo { set $a 12; # create and initialize $a set $b ""; # create and initialize $b rewrite_by_lua 'ngx.var.b = tonumber(ngx.var.a) + 1'; echo "res = $b"; # $b == "" } location /foo { set $a 12; # create and initialize $a set $b ''; # create and initialize $b rewrite_by_lua 'ngx.var.b = tonumber(ngx.var.a) + 1'; if ($b = '13') { rewrite ^ /bar redirect; break; } echo "res = $b"; } 18
- 19. access_by_lua access phase handler として動作する Nginx標準の ngx_http_access_module の後に実行される location / { deny 192.168.1.1; allow 192.168.1.0/24; allow 10.1.1.0/16; deny all; access_by_lua ' local res = ngx.location.capture("/mysql", { ... }) ... '; # proxy_pass/fastcgi_pass/... } 19
- 20. header_filter_by_lua / body_filter_by_lua 出力するヘッダ/ボディのフィルターを定義する このディレクティブ内では ngx.say や ngx.send_headers , ngx.exit , ngx.location.capture* , ngx.socket.tcp , ngx.req.socket 等は使えない location / { proxy_pass http://mybackend; header_filter_by_lua 'ngx.header.Foo = "blah"'; body_filter_by_lua 'ngx.arg[1] = string.upper(ngx.arg[1])'; } 20
- 22. その他のディレクティブ lua_package_path luarocksで入れたライブラリや独自のライブラリを指定する lua_package_path "/opt/nginx/nginx/scripts/?.lua"; lua_shared_dict 共有メモリゾーンを定義する Nginxサーバーインスタンス内のすべてのnginxワーカープロセスで共有される http { lua_shared_dict dogs 10m; ... } 22
- 24. Test::Nginxとは Test::Nginx ‑ Data‑driven test scaffold for Nginx C module and Nginx/OpenResty‑based libraries and applications OpenRestyの作者が作ったNginxのテストライブラリ(perl) 実際にnginxを起こしてそこにリクエストしてテストする 詳細は後述 24
- 25. Test::Ngin Install For openresty/openresty:alpine-fat apk update apk add perl-dev cpan Test::Nginx 25
- 26. Test::Nginx Directory Layout └── t ├── bug.t ├── builtin.t ├── eval.t ├── input-conn.t ├── input-cookie.t ├── input-ua.t ├── input.t ├── phase.t ├── sanity.t ├── subrequest.t ├── unused.t └── vars.t 26
- 27. Test::Nginx Test Suite Layout use lib 'lib'; use Test::Nginx::Socket; plan tests => repeat_each() * 2 * blocks(); run_tests(); __DATA__ === TEST 1: hello --- config location /hello { default_type text/html; content_by_lua ' ngx.say("Hello, world!") '; } --- request GET /hello --- response_body Hello, world! 27
- 28. Test::Nginx Runnning Tests $ export PATH=/usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin:$PATH $ prove t/hello.t t/hello.t .. ok All tests successful. Files=1, Tests=1, 0 wallclock secs (0.02 usr 0.01 sys + 0.08 cusr 0.03 csys = 0.14 CPU Result: PASS 28
- 29. Test::Nginx Runnning Tests $ prove -v t/foo.t t/bar.t t/baz.t $ prove -v t/*.t $ prove -r t/ $ prove -v t/foo.t t/foo.t .. ok 1 - TEST 1: hello, world - status code ok ok 2 - TEST 1: hello, world - response_body - response is expected (req 0) 1..2 ok All tests successful. Files=1, Tests=2, 0 wallclock secs (0.01 usr 0.01 sys + 0.07 cusr 0.03 csys = 0.12 CPU Result: PASS 29
- 30. Test::Nginx Running Individual Test Blocks === TEST 1: hello, world This is just a simple demonstration of the echo directive provided by ngx_http_echo_module. --- config location = /t { echo "hello, world!"; } --- request GET /t --- response_body hello, world! --- ONLY 30
- 31. Test::Nginx Skipping Tests === TEST 1: test for the future --- config location /t { some_fancy_directive; } --- request GET /t --- response_body blah blah blah --- SKIP 31
- 32. Test::Nginx Test Running Order ファイル名順 t/000-sanity.t t/001-set.t t/002-content.t t/003-errors.t ... t/139-ssl-cert-by.t Test::Nginx Test Block Running Order デフォルトはランダム。 use Test::Nginx::Socket 'no_plan'; # ランダムをやめる (名前順?) no_shuffle(); # 上から順 run_tests(); __DATA__ ... 32
- 33. Test::Nginx Preparing Test ‑test code‑ __DATA__ === TEST 1: --- main_config env MY_ENVIRONMENT; --- http_config init_worker_by_lua_block { print("init") } --- config location = /t { echo ok; } --- request GET /t --- response_body ok 33
- 34. Test::Nginx Preparing Test ‑ generated conf ‑ t/servroot/conf/nginx.conf ... env MY_ENVIRONMENT; http { ... init_worker_by_lua_block { print("init") } server { ... location = /t { echo ok; } } } 34
- 35. Test::Nginx Preparing Requests --- request GET /t --- request GET /t HTTP/1.0 --- request GET /t --- more_headers Foo: bar Bar: baz --- pipelined_requests eval ["GET /t", "GET /t"] --- response_body eval ["okn", "okn"] 35
- 36. Test::Nginx Checking Responses === TEST 1: --- config location = /t { echo "Life is short."; echo "Moon is bright."; echo "Sun is shining."; } --- request GET /t --- response_body Life is short. Moon is deem. Sun is shining. 36
- 37. Test::Nginx Pattern Matching on Response Bodies --- response_body_like: age: d+ --- response_body_like chomp age: d+ --- response_body_like eval qr/age: d+/ Test::Nginx Checking Response Headers --- response_headers Foo: bar Bar: baz !Blah 37
- 38. Test::Nginx Checking NGINX Error Logs --- error_log Hello world from my server --- error_log eval [ "This is a dog!", qr/w+ is a cat?/, ] --- error_log eval qr/w+ is a cat?/ --- no_error_log [error] 38
- 39. Test::Nginx Testing Erroneous Cases Expected Server Startup Failures Expected Malformed Responses Testing Timeout Errors etc... 39
- 40. Demo $ docker images | grep openresty $ docker run --rm -p 1080:80 openresty/openresty:alpine-fat $ curl http://localhost:8080/ 40