Have you ever wondered how all this CQRS / ES concepts could be applied to a PHP project? Let's take a look at some code of our last project: a warehouse management system. This talk will show how we understand DDD and how we apply it at Ulabox, what changes in application's architecture and code when we apply CQRS and how to deal with event sourcing, when there're no persisted entities, only events that generate projections used in the read model. Speaker: Manel Sellés (@manelselles), software engineer, DDD-TDD fan and Symfony Expert Certified by Sensiolabs. Currently developing enterprise logistics software at Ulabox.com

1. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing
A warehouse management system done in PHP

2. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / Ulabox
ULABOX

3. About me
● @manelselles
● Backend at Ulabox
● Symfony Expert
Certified by Sensiolabs
● DDD-TDD fan

4. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / Warehouse
Warehouse management system
● PHP and framework agnostic
○ (almost) all of us love Symfony
● Independent of other systems
○ Ulabox ecosystem is complex -> Microservices
● Extensible and maintainable
○ Testing
● The system must log every action
○ Event driven architecture

5. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / Warehouse

6. Please test!
Good practices

7. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / Good practices
Outside-in TDD
● Behat features
● Describe behaviour with PhpSpec
● Testing integration with database of repository methods with Phpunit

8. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / Good practices
Continuous integration

9. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / Good practices
Other good practices
● SOLID
● Coding Style
● Pair programming
● Refactor

10. DDD-Hexagonal architecture

11. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / DDD-Hexagonal
DDD Basics
● Strategic
○ Ubiquitous language
○ Bounded contexts
● Tactical
○ Value objects
○ Aggregates and entities
○ Repositories
○ Domain events
○ Domain and application services

12. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / DDD-Hexagonal
Aggregate

13. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / DDD-Hexagonal
Hexagonal architecture

14. namespace UlaboxChangoInfrastructureUiHttpController;
class ReceptionController
{
public function addContainerAction(JsonApiRequest $request, $receptionId)
{
$containerPayload = $this->jsonApiTransformer->fromPayload($request->jsonData(), 'container');
$this->receptionService->addContainer(ReceptionId::fromString($receptionId), $containerPayload);
return JsonApiResponse::createJsonApiData(200, null, []);
}
}
namespace UlaboxChangoInfrastructureUiAmqpConsumer;
class ContainerAddedToReceptionConsumer extends Consumer
{
public function execute(AMQPMessage $rabbitMessage)
{
$message = $this->messageBody($rabbitMessage);
$containerPayload = $this->amqpTransformer->fromPayload($message, 'container');
$this->receptionService->addContainer(ReceptionId::fromString($message['reception_id']), $containerPayload);
return ConsumerInterface::MSG_ACK;
}
}

15. namespace UlaboxChangoApplicationService;
class ReceptionService
{
public function addContainer(ReceptionId $receptionId, ContainerPayload $payload)
{
$reception = $this->receptionRepository->get($receptionId);
$reception->addContainer($payload->temperature(), $payload->lines());
$this->receptionRepository->save($reception);
$this->eventBus->dispatch($reception->recordedEvents());
}
}

16. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / DDD-Hexagonal
Why application service?
● Same entry point
● Coordinate tasks on model
● Early checks
● User authentication

17. namespace UlaboxChangoDomainModelReception;
class Reception extends Aggregate
{
public function addContainer(Temperature $temperature, array $containerLines)
{
Assertion::allIsInstanceOf($containerLines, ContainerLinePayload::class);
$containerId = ContainerId::create($this->id(), $temperature, count($this->containers));
$this->containers->set((string) $containerId, new Container($containerId, $temperature));
$this->recordThat(new ContainerWasAdded($this->id, $containerId, $temperature));
foreach ($containerLines as $line) {
$this->addLine($containerId, $line->label(), $line->quantity(), $line->type());
}
}
public function addLine(ContainerId $containerId, Label $label, LineQuantity $quantity, ItemType $type)
{
if (!$container = $this->containers->get((string) $containerId)) {
throw new EntityNotFoundException("Container not found");
}
$container->addLine(ContainerLine::create($label, $quantity, $type));
$this->recordThat(new ContainerLineWasAdded($this->id, $containerId, $label, $quantity, $type));
}
}

18. namespace UlaboxChangoDomainModelReceptionContainer;
class Container
{
public function __construct(ContainerId $id, Temperature $temperature)
{
$this->id = $id;
$this->temperature = $temperature;
$this->lines = new ArrayCollection();
$this->status = ContainerStatus::PENDING();
}
public function addLine(ContainerLine $line)
{
if ($this->containsLine($line->label())) {
throw new AlreadyRegisteredException("Line already exists");
}
$this->lines->set((string) $line->label(), $line);
}
}

19. namespace UlaboxChangoInfrastructurePersistenceDoctrineReception;
class DoctrineReceptionRepository implements ReceptionRepository
{
public function get(ReceptionId $id)
{
return $this->find($id);
}
public function save(Reception $reception)
{
$this->_em->persist($reception);
}
}

20. Let’s apply Command and Query
Responsibility Segregation

21. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / CQRS
CQRS
Separate:
● Command: do something
● Query: ask for something
Different source of data for read and write:
● Write model with DDD tactical patterns
● Read model with listeners to events

22. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / CQRS
Command bus
● Finds handler for each action
● Decoupled command creator and handler
● Middlewares
○ Transactional
○ Logging
● Asynchronous actions
● Separation of concerns

23. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / CQRS
Event bus
● Posted events are delivered to matching event handlers
● Decouples event producers and reactors
● Middlewares
○ Rabbit
○ Add correlation id
● Asynchronous actions
● Separation of concerns

24. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / CQRS

25. namespace UlaboxChangoApplicationService;
class ReceptionService
{
public function addContainer(ReceptionId $receptionId, ContainerPayload $payload)
{
$command = new AddContainer($receptionId, $payload->temperature(), $payload->containerLines());
$this->commandBus->handle($command);
}
}
namespace UlaboxChangoDomainCommandReception;
class ReceptionCommandHandler extends CommandHandler
{
public function handleAddContainer(AddContainer $command)
{
$reception = $this->receptionRepository->get($command->aggregateId());
$reception->addContainer($command->temperature(), $command->lines());
$this->receptionRepository->save($reception);
$this->eventBus->dispatch($reception->recordedEvents());
}
}

26. namespace UlaboxChangoDomainReadModelReception;
class ReceptionProjector extends ReadModelProcessor
{
public function applyContainerWasAdded(ContainerWasAdded $event)
{
$reception = $this->receptionInfoView->receptionOfId($event->aggregateId());
$container = new ContainerProjection($event->containerId(), $event->temperature());
$this->receptionInfoView->save($reception->addContainer($container));
}
public function applyContainerLineWasAdded(ContainerLineWasAdded $event)
{
$reception = $this->receptionInfoView->receptionOfId($event->aggregateId());
$line = ContainerLineProjection($event->label(), $event->quantity(), $event->itemType());
$this->receptionInfoView->save($reception->addContainerLine($event->containerId(), $line));
}
}
namespace UlaboxChangoDomainReadModelReception;
interface ReceptionView
{
public function save(ReceptionProjection $reception);
public function receptionOfId(ReceptionId $receptionId);
public function find(Query $query);
}

27. namespace UlaboxChangoApplicationService;
class ReceptionQueryService
{
public function byId(ReceptionId $receptionId)
{
return $this->receptionView->receptionOfId($receptionId);
}
public function byContainer(ContainerId $containerId)
{
return $this->receptionView->find(new byContainer($containerId));
}
public function search($filters, Paging $paging = null, Sorting $sorting = null)
{
return $this->receptionView->find(new ByFilters($filters, $sorting, $paging));
}
}

28. Let’s get crazy: event sourcing

29. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / Event sourcing
Event sourcing
● Entities are reconstructed with events
● No state
● No database to update manually
● No joins

30. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / Event sourcing
Why event sourcing?
● Get state of an aggregate at any moment in time
● Append-only model storing events is easier to scale
● Forces to log because everything is an event
● No coupling between current state in the domain and in storage
● Simulate business suppositions
○ Change picking algorithm

31. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / Event sourcing
Event Store
● PostgreSQL
● jsonb
● DBAL

32. namespace UlaboxChangoInfrastructurePersistenceEventStore;
class PDOEventStore implements EventStore
{
public function append(AggregateId $id, EventStream $eventStream)
{
$stmt = $this->connection->prepare("INSERT INTO event_store (data) VALUES (:message)");
$this->connection->beginTransaction();
foreach ($eventStream as $event) {
if (!$stmt->execute(['message' => $this->eventSerializer->serialize($event)])) {
$this->connection->rollBack();
}
}
$this->connection->commit();
}
public function load(AggregateId $id)
{
$stmt = $this->connection->prepare("SELECT data FROM event_store WHERE data->'payload'->>'aggregate_id' = :id");
$stmt->execute(['id' => (string) $id]);
$rows = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
$events = [];
foreach ($rows as $row) {
$events[] = $this->eventSerializer->deserialize($row['data']);
}
return new EventStream($events);
}
}

33. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / Event sourcing

34. namespace UlaboxChangoInfrastructurePersistenceModelReception;
class EventSourcingReceptionRepository implements ReceptionRepository
{
public function save(Reception $reception)
{
$events = $reception->recordedEvents();
$this->eventStore->append($reception->id(), $events);
foreach ($events as $event) {
$this->eventBus->dispatch($event);
}
}
public function load(ReceptionId $id)
{
$eventStream = $this->eventStore->load($id);
return Reception::reconstituteFromEvents(
new AggregateHistory($id, $eventStream)
);
}
}

35. namespace UlaboxChangoDomainModelReception;
class Reception extends EventSourcedAggregate
{
public static function create(
ReceptionId $id, DateTime $receptionDate, SupplierId $supplierId
) {
$instance = new self($id);
$instance->recordThat(
new ReceptionWasScheduled($id, $receptionDate, $supplierId)
);
return $instance;
}
protected function applyReceptionWasScheduled(ReceptionWasScheduled $event)
{
$this->receptionDate = $event->receptionDate();
$this->supplierId = $event->supplierId();
$this->status = ReceptionStatus::PENDING();
$this->containers = new ArrayCollection();
}
}

36. namespace UlaboxChangoDomainModel;
abstract class EventSourcedAggregate implements AggregateRoot, EventRecorder
{
protected function __construct()
{
$this->version = 0;
$this->eventStream = new EventStream();
}
protected function recordThat(Event $event)
{
$this->apply($event);
$this->eventStream->append($event);
}
protected function apply(Event $event)
{
$classParts = explode('', get_class($event));
$methodName = 'apply'.end($classParts);
if (method_exists($this, $methodName)) {
$this->$methodName($event);
}
$this->version++;
}
}

37. namespace UlaboxChangoDomainModelReception;
class Reception extends EventSourcedAggregate
{
public static function reconstituteFromEvents(AggregateHistory $history)
{
$instance = new self($history->aggregateId());
foreach ($history->events() as $event) {
$instance->apply($event);
}
return $instance;
}
public function addContainer(Temperature $temperature, array $containerLines)
{
$containerId = ContainerId::create(
$this->id(), $temperature, count($this->containers)
);
$this->recordThat(
new ContainerWasAdded($this->id, $containerId, $temperature)
);
foreach ($containerLines as $line) {
$this->addLine(
$containerId, $line->label(), $line->quantity(), $line->type()
);
}
}
protected function applyContainerWasAdded(ContainerWasAdded $event)
{
$container = new Container($event->containerId(), $event->temperature());
$this->containers->set((string) $event->containerId(), $container);
}
}

38. Conclusions

39. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / Conclusions
Benefits
● Decoupling
● Performance in Read Model
● Scalability
● No joins
● Async with internal events and consumers
● Communicate other bounded contexts with events

40. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / Conclusions
Problems found
● With DDD
○ Decide aggregates => talk a LOT with the domain experts
○ Boilerplate => generate as much boilerplate as possible
● With CQRS
○ Forgetting listeners in read model
○ Repeated code structure
● With event sourcing
○ Adapting your mindset
○ Forgetting applying the event to the entity
○ Retro compatibility with old events
● Concurrency/eventual consistency

41. Work with us!

42. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / Work with us
Work with us

43. Thanks to...

44. When CQRS meets Event Sourcing / Conclusions

45. Thank you!
Questions?
@manelselles
manelselles@gmail.com