Pharmaceutical automation

1. Presented to:
Dr. Gururaj S. Kulkarni
Department of Pharmaceutics
MALLIGE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
Presented By:
Manikant Prasad Shah
Mpharm II Sem.
Pharmaceutical Automation

2. Introduction-
 Automation mean self dictated .
 It is the use of control system such as computer
to control industrial machinery and processes
reducing the human intervention .
 Automation greatly reduces the need for human
sensor and mental requirements as well as
processes and system can also be automated.
 E.g. Telephone operators have been replaced
largely by automated telephone switchboard and
answering machine.

3. Advantages-
 Advantages of automatic control, over manual
control, are as follow :
 Processes are controlled more precisely resulting in
more uniform and high quality product.
 Processes are too fast to be controlled by manual
operators can be easily controlled by automatic
system. •
 Automatic control is beneficial in certain remote,
hazardous or routine operations.
 No batch to batch variation, lead to greater demand
for product and higher profits.
 Increase production capacity and flexibility. .
 Decrease labour cost.

4. GENERAL AUTOMATIC CONTROL
SYSTEM-
 In heat exchange process- In this process, the
in flowing liquid is to be heated to the required
temperature.
 The temperature of exit flow is affected by the
processes variable such as-temperature and flow
rate of the flowing liquid, temperature, heat
capacity of the fluids, and heat loss from the
vessel and mixer speed.
 Type of system in heat exchange process-
a) open loop system
b) closed loop control system

5.  Open loop system: Are those in which
information about the controlled variable (like
temperature ) is not used.
 Closed loop control system- Is one where
control variable is measured and the result of this
measurement is used to manipulate one of the
processes variables, such as steam flow.
a)Closed loop feed back system :In this system,
information about the controlled variables is feed
back as the basis for control of a process variable
by a human operator (manual control) or by use
of instruments (automatic control).

6.  In manual control system, an operator periodically
measures the temperature of liquid. If for
example, the temperature is below the desired
value, he increases the steam flow by opening
the valve slightly.
 For automatically controlled system , a
temperature sensitive device is used to produce a
signal proportional to the measured temperature
.this signal is feed to controller which compare it
with a preset desired valve (set point ).
 If differences exist, the controller changes the
opening of the steam control valve to correct the
temperature

7. b)Closed loop feed forward control : In this process
disturbances are measured and compensated
without waiting for a change in the controlled
variable to indicate that a disturbance has
occurred. This type of control is useful when the
final controlled variable can not be used.

8. AUTOMATIC CONTROLLER
 Industrial automatic process controller varies from
simple on off device to special purpose computing
instruments.
 Four general type of controller-:
1. self operated controller-
a)on off controllers
b) Proportional controller
2.electronic controller
3) Pneumatic controller
4) Miscellaneous controller: hydraulic, fluidic and
special response controller

9. 1) self operated controllers-
 Some control systems obtain the power require to
operate the error detector and final control element
from the controller medium of the process by way of
the sensing element .
 There are two type of self operated controller :
a) On off controller – in this controller, the amount of
control action applied at the process input is either
zero or the maximum available.
b) Proportional controllers- The action of a proportional
controller is smooth and continuous over the
operating range. For example in a steam-heated
process vessel, if the temperature to be controlled
increase above the set point, the controller output
well increase a proportional amount. This output

10. 2) Electronic controllers
 Are extensively used for process control .
 The reason for their increase usage are-
 Solid state circuit
 Easier servicing
 Smaller particle size
 Can easily be linked with process control
computer
 May be more accurately tuned.

11. 3) Pneumatic controller
 Its basic purpose is to supply compressed air to
a pneumatic valve actuator in response to an
error signal, based on the deviation of measured
variable from the set point.
 Four levels can be identified:
1) unit operation control
2) unit process control
3) plant control
4) Departmental and corporate control level of a
company.

12. Process control computer
 1. Analog computer
 2. Digital computer
 Analog computer- represents the numbers being
manipulated by the magnitude of a physical
quantity, such as volts or pressure.
 Mathematically operations are carried out in a
continuous manner.
 Digital computers- are counting device that
operates directly on numbers to perform the four
fundamental mathematical operation addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division.

13. AUTOMATION IN TABLET
MANUFACTURING
 Benefits of automation in tablet production.
1. Improve material handling.
2. Improve specific unit operation.
3. Unit operations in tablet manufacturing.
• Particle size reduction
• Sieving
• Mixing.
• Drying.
• Compression.
• Coating.

14.  REFERENCES -: 1- Lachman Leon and Schwartz
.B. Joseph Pharmaceutical dosage forms:
Tablets. Vol 3, edition 2. P.P 1-74. 2-
Sambhamurti B.S., pharmaceutical engineering.