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Spanish Colonial Government

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Marcy Canete-Trinidad
Marcy Canete-Trinidad

What the colonial government was like during the Spanish occupation

Education
1 of 22
THE SPANIARDS AS COLONIAL MASTERS
Spain reigned over the Philippines for 333 years, from 1565 to 1898. Since Spain was far from the country, the Spanish king ruled the Islands through the viceroy of Mexico, which was then another Spanish colony. KING OF SPAIN VICEROY OF MEXICO PHILIPPINES
When Mexico regained its freedom in 1821, the Spanish king ruled the Philippines through a Governor General, (GG). KING OF SPAIN GOVERNOR GENERAL PHILIPPINES
THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE Spain established a centralized colonial government in the Philippines that was composed of a NATIONAL GOVERNMENT and the LOCAL GOVERNMENTS that administered provinces, cities, towns and municipalities. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT: maintained peace and order collected taxes built schools and other public works
THE GOVERNOR GENERAL The King's representative and the highest-ranking official in the Philippines Royal decrees and laws emanating from Spain were implemented in the Philippines Had the power to appoint and dismiss public officials, except those personally chosen by the King
THE GOVERNOR GENERAL Supervised all government offices and the collection of taxes Exercised certain legislative powers Issued proclamations to facilitate the implementation of laws
THE GOVERNOR GENERAL REQUIREMENT: Must be a PENINSULARES or A SPANIARD BORN IN SPAIN
THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE THE GOVERNOR GENERAL The Governor General and other government officials had so much power that it was commonly abused. To investigate the abuses, there were bodies created: THE RESIDENCIA THE VISITA THE ROYAL AUDENCIA
THE RESIDENCIA This was a special judicial court that investigates the performance of a Governor General who was about to be replaced. The Residencia, of which the incoming Governor General was usually a member, submitted a report of its findings to the King.
THE VISITA The Council of the Indies in Spain sent a government official called the VISITADOR GENERAL to observe conditions in the colony. The Visitador General reported his findings directly to the King.
The highest court in THE ROYAL AUDENCIA the land Served as an advisory body to the Governor General Had the power to check and report on his abuses The Audiencia also audited the expenditures of the colonial government Sent a yearly report to Spain The Archbishop and other government officials
THE ROYAL AUDENCIA Despite all these checks, however, an abusive governor general often managed to escape stiff fines, suspension, or dismissal by simply bribing the Visitador and other investigators.
THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The Spaniards created Local Government Units (LGU) for the provinces There were two types of local government units: ALCALDIA CORRIGIMIENTO Alcalde Corregidor Mayor
THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The ALCADIA, led by the Alcalde Mayor governed the provinces that had been fully subjugated: UNDER SPANISH CONTROL ALREADY SALARY: P300 A MONTH
THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT DUTIES OF THE ALCALDE MAYOR: They represented the Spanish king and the Governor-General They managed the day-to-day operations of the provincial government Implemented laws and supervised the collection of taxes
THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The CORREGIMIENTO, headed by Corregidor governed the provinces that were not yet entirely under Spanish control.
THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The ALCADIA and the CORREGIMIENTO Though they were paid a small salary, they enjoyed privileges such as the INDULTO DE COMERCIO or the right to participate in the GALLEON TRADE.
THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT Each province was divided into several towns or pueblos headed by GOBERNADORDCILLOS (Little Governor) MAIN DUTIES: Efficient governance and tax collection. Four lieutenants aided the Governardorcillo: the Teniente Mayor (chief lieutenant), the Teniente de Policia (police lieutenant), the Teniente de Sementeras (lieutenant of the fields)
THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT GOBERNADORDCILLOS They had SMALL SALARIES but were exempted from PAYING TAXES QUALIFICATIONS: Any NATIVE or CHINESE MEZTIZO 25 years old Literate in ORAL or WRITTEN SPANISH Cabeza de Barangay for 4 years Ex: Emilio Aguinaldo
THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT CABEZA DE BARANGAY OR (Barrio Administrator or Barangay Captain) -Responsible for the peace and order of the barrio -Recruited men for public works QUALIFICATIONS: Cabezas should be literate in Spanish Have good moral character and property Cabezas who served for 25 years were
THE CITY GOVERNMENT Larger towns became cities called: AYUNTAMIENTO It became the center of trade and industry. The ayuntamiento had a city council called the CABILDO CABILDO is composed of: ALCALDE (MAYOR) REGIDORES (COUNCILLORS) ALGUACIL MAYOR (POLICE CHIEF) ESCRIBANDO (SECRETARY)
KING OF SPAIN THE COLONIAL GOVERNMENT THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH THE JUDICIAL BRANCH (Governor General) (Royal Audencia, Residencia, Lower Courts, Governor-General) PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT CITY GOVERNMENT ALCALDIA CORRIGIMIENTO AYUNTAMIENTO (Alcalde Mayor) (Corregidor) (Cabildo) PUEBLOS OR TOWNS CABILDO (Gobernadorcillos) City Council •ALCALDE •REGIDORES BARRIOS •AGUACIL MAYOR (Cabeza de Barangay) •ESCRIBANDO BARRIOS (Cabeza de Barangay)

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Spanish Colonial Government

  • 1. THE SPANIARDS AS COLONIAL MASTERS
  • 2. Spain reigned over the Philippines for 333 years, from 1565 to 1898. Since Spain was far from the country, the Spanish king ruled the Islands through the viceroy of Mexico, which was then another Spanish colony. KING OF SPAIN VICEROY OF MEXICO PHILIPPINES
  • 3. When Mexico regained its freedom in 1821, the Spanish king ruled the Philippines through a Governor General, (GG). KING OF SPAIN GOVERNOR GENERAL PHILIPPINES
  • 4. THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE Spain established a centralized colonial government in the Philippines that was composed of a NATIONAL GOVERNMENT and the LOCAL GOVERNMENTS that administered provinces, cities, towns and municipalities. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT: maintained peace and order collected taxes built schools and other public works
  • 5. THE GOVERNOR GENERAL The King's representative and the highest-ranking official in the Philippines Royal decrees and laws emanating from Spain were implemented in the Philippines Had the power to appoint and dismiss public officials, except those personally chosen by the King
  • 6. THE GOVERNOR GENERAL Supervised all government offices and the collection of taxes Exercised certain legislative powers Issued proclamations to facilitate the implementation of laws
  • 7. THE GOVERNOR GENERAL REQUIREMENT: Must be a PENINSULARES or A SPANIARD BORN IN SPAIN
  • 8. THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE THE GOVERNOR GENERAL The Governor General and other government officials had so much power that it was commonly abused. To investigate the abuses, there were bodies created: THE RESIDENCIA THE VISITA THE ROYAL AUDENCIA
  • 9. THE RESIDENCIA This was a special judicial court that investigates the performance of a Governor General who was about to be replaced. The Residencia, of which the incoming Governor General was usually a member, submitted a report of its findings to the King.
  • 10. THE VISITA The Council of the Indies in Spain sent a government official called the VISITADOR GENERAL to observe conditions in the colony. The Visitador General reported his findings directly to the King.
  • 11. The highest court in THE ROYAL AUDENCIA the land Served as an advisory body to the Governor General Had the power to check and report on his abuses The Audiencia also audited the expenditures of the colonial government Sent a yearly report to Spain The Archbishop and other government officials
  • 12. THE ROYAL AUDENCIA Despite all these checks, however, an abusive governor general often managed to escape stiff fines, suspension, or dismissal by simply bribing the Visitador and other investigators.
  • 13. THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The Spaniards created Local Government Units (LGU) for the provinces There were two types of local government units: ALCALDIA CORRIGIMIENTO Alcalde Corregidor Mayor
  • 14. THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The ALCADIA, led by the Alcalde Mayor governed the provinces that had been fully subjugated: UNDER SPANISH CONTROL ALREADY SALARY: P300 A MONTH
  • 15. THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT DUTIES OF THE ALCALDE MAYOR: They represented the Spanish king and the Governor-General They managed the day-to-day operations of the provincial government Implemented laws and supervised the collection of taxes
  • 16. THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The CORREGIMIENTO, headed by Corregidor governed the provinces that were not yet entirely under Spanish control.
  • 17. THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The ALCADIA and the CORREGIMIENTO Though they were paid a small salary, they enjoyed privileges such as the INDULTO DE COMERCIO or the right to participate in the GALLEON TRADE.
  • 18. THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT Each province was divided into several towns or pueblos headed by GOBERNADORDCILLOS (Little Governor) MAIN DUTIES: Efficient governance and tax collection. Four lieutenants aided the Governardorcillo: the Teniente Mayor (chief lieutenant), the Teniente de Policia (police lieutenant), the Teniente de Sementeras (lieutenant of the fields)
  • 19. THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT GOBERNADORDCILLOS They had SMALL SALARIES but were exempted from PAYING TAXES QUALIFICATIONS: Any NATIVE or CHINESE MEZTIZO 25 years old Literate in ORAL or WRITTEN SPANISH Cabeza de Barangay for 4 years Ex: Emilio Aguinaldo
  • 20. THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT CABEZA DE BARANGAY OR (Barrio Administrator or Barangay Captain) -Responsible for the peace and order of the barrio -Recruited men for public works QUALIFICATIONS: Cabezas should be literate in Spanish Have good moral character and property Cabezas who served for 25 years were
  • 21. THE CITY GOVERNMENT Larger towns became cities called: AYUNTAMIENTO It became the center of trade and industry. The ayuntamiento had a city council called the CABILDO CABILDO is composed of: ALCALDE (MAYOR) REGIDORES (COUNCILLORS) ALGUACIL MAYOR (POLICE CHIEF) ESCRIBANDO (SECRETARY)
  • 22. KING OF SPAIN THE COLONIAL GOVERNMENT THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH THE JUDICIAL BRANCH (Governor General) (Royal Audencia, Residencia, Lower Courts, Governor-General) PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT CITY GOVERNMENT ALCALDIA CORRIGIMIENTO AYUNTAMIENTO (Alcalde Mayor) (Corregidor) (Cabildo) PUEBLOS OR TOWNS CABILDO (Gobernadorcillos) City Council •ALCALDE •REGIDORES BARRIOS •AGUACIL MAYOR (Cabeza de Barangay) •ESCRIBANDO BARRIOS (Cabeza de Barangay)