HLTH_SW4440 Lesson 11 Caring for Individuals in the Criminal Justice System
1. Lesson 11: Caring for Individuals in the Criminal Justice System
Week: Eleven (of Thirteen)
Overview
Thiseleventhlessonservestointroduce youtothe relationshipbetweenmentalhealthissuesand
involvementinthe criminal justice system. Keycomponentsof assessmentof individualswithcriminal
justice involvementwill alsobe discussed. Keycomponentsof reportingandtreatmentrequirements
relatedtocriminal behaviourwill be reviewedaswell. Finally,thislessonwill orientyoutothe core
skillsandbehavioursthatsupportthe highqualitycare of individualsinvolvedwiththe criminaljustice
system,includingtheirfamilies.
Topics
Lesson11 isdividedintofourtopics:
• The relationshipbetweenmentalhealthissuesandinvolvementinthe criminal justice system
• Keycomponentsof assessmentof individualswithcriminal justice involvement
• Keycomponentsof reportingandtreatmentrequirementsrelatedtocriminal behaviour
• Core skillsandbehavioursthatsupporthighqualitycare of involvedwiththe criminaljustice
systemandtheirfamilies
Learning Outcomes
Whenyouhave completedthislessonyoushouldbe able to:
• Identifythe relationshipbetweenmental healthissuesandinvolvementinthe criminal justice
system
• Identifythe keycomponentsof assessmentof individualswithcriminaljustice involvement
• Identifykeycomponentsof reportingandtreatmentrequirementsrelatedtocriminal behaviour
• Identifythe core skillsandbehavioursthatsupporthighqualitycare of individualsinvolvedwith
the criminal justice systemandtheirfamilies
2. Activity Checklist
Here is a checklistof the learningactivitiesyouwill be completinginLesson11.You may findituseful for
planningyourwork.
Lesson11 Activities
Activity 11.1 Journal Entry:
Watch the videosrelatedtothe AshleySmithCase provided,answerthe
questionsthatfollow inyourlearningjournal. Please incorporate appropriate
resourcesintoyourresponsesasnecessarytohelpsupportyouranswers.
‘’’’
Activity 11.2 ForensicMental HealthDiagram:
Using the information provided in this lesson create a diagram indicating the
process of progressing through the forensic mental health system, including
the various outcomes that are possible throughout same. Please define any
outstandingtermsusedinthe forensicmental healthsystem.
Readings
Readthe documents,takingnotesinyourlearningjournal of keypointsasyouread.
• Mental illnessandthe criminal justice system, byMacPhail,A.& Verdun-Jones,S.
(InternationalCentre forCriminalLaw ReformandCriminal Justice Policy)(2013):
http://icclr.law.ubc.ca/sites/icclr.law.ubc.ca/files/publications/pdfs/Mental%20Illness%20a
nd%20the%20Criminal%20Justice%20System%20%5BFinal%20VS%5D.pdf
• CIT Toolkit:CriminalizationFacts,bythe National Alliance onMental Health(2008):
http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=CITHYPERLINK
"http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=CIT&Template=/ContentManagement/Cont
entDisplay.cfm&ContentID=57465"&HYPERLINK
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entDisplay.cfm&ContentID=57465"Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm
HYPERLINK
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entDisplay.cfm&ContentID=57465"&HYPERLINK
"http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=CIT&Template=/ContentManagement/Cont
entDisplay.cfm&ContentID=57465"ContentID=57465
• PublicHealthandCriminal Justice –Promotingand protectingoffenders’mentalhealthand
wellbeing.CenterforMental Health,bySeymour,L.(2010), p.1 – 14:
http://www.centreformentalhealth.org.uk/pdfs/Public_health_and_criminal_justice.pdf
3. • TransitioningBetweenSystemsof Care:MissedOpportunitiesforEngagingAdultswith
SeriousMental IllnessandCriminal Justice Involvement,byPope,L.G.,Smith,T.E.,Wisdom,
J.P.,Easter,A.,& Pollock,M. (2013), in BehavioralSciencesand the Law, 31, p. 444 - 456.
• What HappensInside the ForensicMental HealthSystem?,byCenterforAddictionand
Mental Health(2012):
http://www.camh.ca/en/hospital/health_information/the_forensic_mental_health_system
_in_ontario/Pages/forensic_mhontario_whathappens.aspx
• MentallyDisorderedAccusedandthe Justice SysteminBritishColumbia,bythe
Governmentof BritishColumbia –Ministryof AttorneyGeneral (2003):
http://www.ag.gov.bc.ca/prosecution-service/pdf/mentallyaccusedWEB.pdf
• Aboutthe Not CriminallyResponsibledue toa Mental Disorder(NCRMD) Populationin
Canada,by the Mental HealthCommissionof Canada(2013):
http://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/English/system/files/private/document/MHLaw_
NCRMD_Fact_Sheet_FINAL_ENG.pdf
• Mental HealthStrategyfor CorrectionsinCanada,byCorrectional Service Canada(2010) –
sectionon Treatment,Services,and Supports,p.1 - 13: http://www.csc-
scc.gc.ca/health/092/MH-strategy-eng.pdf
• Chapter14: ForensicAssessment,byKlassen,P.&Wright,P.in PsychiatricClinical Skills –
RevisedFirstEdition,editedbyGoldbloom, D.S.(2010)
• EthicsGuidelinesforthe Practice of ForensicPsychiatry,bythe AmericanAcademy of
Psychiatryandthe Law (2014): http://www.aapl.org/ethics.htm
• Ethical IssuesinConductingForensicEvaluations,byKalmbachK.C.& Lyons,P.M. (2006):
http://www.apcj.org/documents/2_3_Ethics_foren.pdf
• What makesa QualityTherapeuticRelationshipinPsychiatric/Mental HealthNursing:A
Reviewof the ResearchLiterature,byDziopa,F.&Ahern,K.J. (2009), in InternetJournalof
Advanced Nursing Practice,10 1: 7-7.
• The RecoveryParadigminForensicMental HealthServices,bySimpson,A.I.F.,Penney,S.
R., in(2011), CriminalBehaviourand MentalHealth. Vol:21,p. 299 – 306, DOI:
10.1002/cbm.823
• The Social Reintegrationof OffendersandCrime Prevention,bythe Governmentof Canada,
section - Mentally Ill Offenders:http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/scl-
rntgrtn/index-eng.aspx#s13
• Mental Healthand Criminal Justice PolicyFramework,bythe CenterforAddictionand
Mental Health(2013), Section:PrinciplesforaComprehensive Canadianapproachto
4. Mental Healthand Criminal Justice,p.11 – 13:
http://www.camh.ca/en/hospital/about_camh/influencing_public_policy/Documents/MH_
Criminal_Justice_Policy_Framework.pdf
Topic 1: The Relationship between Mental Health Issues and Involvement in the Criminal
Justice System
Introduction
“Although the majority of people with mental health conditions rarely come into contact with the
criminal justice system, mental health-related emergencies do occur. In most cases, 911 is dialed and
police,by virtue of their role as emergency responders, are called upon to assist in the crisis. Criminal
and non-criminal situations can arise from these police interactions” (Canadian Mental Health
Association, 2014).
‘Forensicmental healthservices’are those inwhichthe mental healthsystemandcriminal justice
systeminteract. Interaction betweenthese twosystemsoccurswhenanindividual withaserious
mental healthissue comesincontactwiththe law as a resultof eithercommittingacrime,experiencing
a mental healthcrisisina publicspace,and/orwhenanindividual ispresentingas a riskto self or public.
In topictwowe will explore infurtherdepththe processthatindividualswithmental healthissuesgo
throughuponenteringthe criminal justicesystem,fromapprehensiontoassessmentandsentencing.
The majorityof people livingwithmental healthissuesnevercome intocontactwiththe criminal justice
systemandare infact “more likelytobe victimsof violence thanperpetrators”(Mental Health
Commissionof Canada,2012). Yet individualswithmentalhealthissuesrepresentadisproportionate
numberof those involvedinthe criminaljustice system(Mental HealthCommissionof Canada,2012).
Exact percentagesof these populationsremainsunknown,however“anestimated31percentof women
and 14.5 percentof menin jailshave aserious mental illness…[and] seventypercentof youthinthe
juvenilejustice system”were foundtobe experiencingsome formof mental healthcondition(NAMI,
2008). Table 1 outlinesestimatesof mental healthissuesthatoccurwithinthe prisonpopulation
comparedto the general population - locatedatthe endof thissection.
The overrepresentationof individualswithmental healthissues isalsothoughtto be increasingover-
time; between“1997 and 2010, symptomsof seriousmental illnessreportedbyfederal offendersat
admissionincreasedby61% formalesand71% for females”(Sorenson,2010). While manyoffenders
enteringthe criminal justice systemarrive withmental healthissues,“some developsuchissuesasa
resultof imprisonment”, due toexperiencesof overcrowding,separationfromsocial networks/
supports,andbeingina highstressenvironment(Dupuis,T.,MacKay,R., Nicol,J.,p.5, 2013). The
general consensusinthe researchcommunityismostpeople leave the criminal justice system“worse
5. off and withfeweroptionsforgettingneededtreatmentandservices”(NAMI,2008). Thissectionwill
outline the relationshipbetweenmentalhealthissuesandthe involvementinthe criminal justice
system,includingexperiencesof clientswithinthe forensicsystem.
Althoughthe majorityof individualswithmental healthissuesdonotcome intocontact withthe
criminal justice systemthroughouttheirlifetime,manyare subjectedtosocial factorsthatincrease their
likelihoodof beinginvolvedwithsame. Researchindicatessocial factors(suchaspoverty,trauma,
substance use/abuse,homelessnessandinadequate housing) cansignificantlyincrease one’sriskand
negativelyimpactone’smental healthstanding(CenterforAddictionandMental Health,p.2, 2013).
Researchhasfurtherindicatedthatthe majorityof individualswithmental healthissueswhocome into
contact withthe criminal justice systemcommitlow-level,non-violentoffenses(suchaminortheftor
trespassing–acts usuallystemmingfromanattempttosurvive) (Ministryof HealthServicesBC,p.6,
2005). Inthissectionwe will reviewvaryingsocial factorsthatmaycontribute tooffendingbehaviours
that precipitate contactwiththe criminal justicesystem.How these socialriskfactorsare associated
withmental healthissueswillalsobe reviewed.
A final aspectthatwill be discussedintermsof the relationshipbetweenmental healthissuesandthe
criminal justice systemincludesinteractionsbetweenpolice officersandindividualswithmentalhealth
issues. Asnotedbythe CanadianMental Health Association,aresearchstudycompletedbythe
VancouverPolice Departmentin2008 “foundthat more than one-thirdof all callsforVancouverPolice
involve people withmental healthissues.Inthe DowntownEastside,itincreasestoalmostone inevery
twocalls… withover30% of people [coming]…intocontactwithpolice duringtheirfirstexperience
tryingto accessmental healthcare in BC” (CanadianMental HealthAssociation,2012). Many police
officersexpress“concernaboutthe difficultiestheyencounterinprovidingassistance tothispopulation
and have indicatedthattheydonot feel adequatelytrainedorwouldlikeadditional trainingineffective
response”(Watson&Angell,2007). Althoughthe majorityof police interactionsinvolvingpeopleliving
withmental healthissuesare positive“afew are negative anda veryfew are tragic” (CanadianMental
HealthAssociation,2012). The followingisanexcerptfroma reportcompletedbythe Mental Health
Commissionof Canada(2014), whichhelpsoutlinethislesson’sapproachtointeractionsbetween
mental healthissuesandpoliceofficers.
“The literature is clear that people with mental illnesses are over-represented in the criminal justice
system including, of course, policing; they are more likely to be arrested, more likely to have informal
encounterswithpolice, and are more likely to be subject to use of force. The reasons are complex—and
many are not related to the behaviour of police personnel or police organizations but to a variety of
other issues including general societal attitudes toward mental illness, the inaccessibility of more
appropriate resources for [individuals with mental health issues]…, as well as legislation which gives
police specific powers—and, therefore, specific responsibilities—in regard to [individuals with mental
health issues]…. But regardless of the reasons, it is inarguable that police officers often continue to be
the front line of the mental health system, and interactions between police and people with mental
illnesses are common” (Coleman, T. & Cotton, D., p.12, 2014).
6. Variouspolice basedinterventionmodelscontinue tobe establishedinordertoimprove responsesand
interventionsof those withmentalhealthissues,aimedatultimatelyreducingthe overrepresentationof
people livingwithmentalhealthissuesinthe criminal justicesystem. Althoughthe majorityof
interactionsbetweenindividualswithmental healthissuesandthe police are notnegative,the
occurrence of abuse that continuestobe experiencedatvaryinglevelsof contactwiththe criminal
justice systemmustbe acknowledgedandaddressed. Inthissectionwe will review the conceptof
criminalizationregardingindividualswithmental healthissues. We will alsoreviewthe AshleySmith
case inthe activitiessection,withquestionsthatfollow.
Table 1: Mental health problems in prison and the general population
Mental
health issue
Prevalence amongprisoners
(16+ years)
Prevalence in general
population (16-64 years)
Psychosis 8% 0.4%
Personality
disorder
66% 0.4%
Depression
and anxiety
45% 17.6%
Drug
dependency
45% 3.4%
Alcohol
dependency
30% 5.9%
(Source:McManus et al.,2009)
LearningActivities
Readings
Take notesin yourlearningjournal of keypointsrelatedtothe relationshipbetweenmentalhealth
issuesandinvolvementinthe criminal justice.
• Mental illnessandthe criminal justicesystem,byMacPhail,A.& Verdun-Jones,S.(International
Centre forCriminal LawReformandCriminal Justice Policy) (2013):
http://icclr.law.ubc.ca/sites/icclr.law.ubc.ca/files/publications/pdfs/Mental%20Illness%20and%
20the%20Criminal%20Justice%20System%20%5BFinal%20VS%5D.pdf
• CIT Toolkit:CriminalizationFacts,bythe National Alliance onMental Health(2008):
http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=CITHYPERLINK
8. Introduction
As notedabove,approximatelyone thirdof all callsforVancouverPoliceinvolveindividualswithmental
healthissues(CanadianMental HealthAssociation,2012). Althoughthe majorityof interactions
betweenindividualswithmentalhealthissuesandthe criminal justice systemare notnegative,the
occurrence of abuse that continuestobe experiencedatvaryinglevelsof contactmustbe
acknowledgedandaddressed. A highproportionof offendershave mental healthneedsandthe
criminal justice system“isnotalwayswellplacedtohandle the complex problemsthatthiscancreate”
(SainsburyCenterforMental Health,2009, p. 8). Ensuringthat individualswithmental healthissues
“whoenterthe criminal justice systemare identifiedanddirectedtowards appropriate mentalhealth
care, particularlyasan alternative toimprisonment”iscentral toprovidingthe ethical treatmentof
offendersandforensicclientsalike (SainsburyCenterforMental Health,2009, p.8).
Instructions
Watch the videos related to the Ashley Smith Case provided, answer the questions that follow in your
learning journal. Trigger warning: abuse, physical restraint, yelling, swearing. Please incorporate
appropriate resourcesintoyourresponsesasnecessarytohelpsupportyouranswers.
Title:Ashley Smith,19, prison inmate commitssuicide…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tP-k47rIIyA
Title:Disturbing video released of Ashley Smith in custody
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXdpR-GEz4k
Questions:
1. Were youaware of thiscase? Were yousurprisedatthe treatmentof AshleySmith? Whyor why
not?
2. Eventhoughthiscase isa minorityintermsof experiencesforindividualswithmental healthissues
inthe criminal justice system,whydoyouthinksuchtreatmentoccurred? Whatare some individual
and systemicfactorsthatcontributedtosuch treatment?
3. What are some suggestionsorsolutionsyouwouldrecommendtokeepsuchasituationfrom
occurringagain?
Topic2:Key ComponentsofAssessmentofIndividualswithCriminalJusticeInvolvement
Introduction
Variousassessmentscanbe orderedbythe court in orderto evaluate whetheranindividual isUnfitto
StandTrial or NotCriminallyResponsibleonaccountof a mental healthissue. Accordingtothe Criminal
Code of Canada, “NotCriminallyResponsible on Accountof Mental Disorder”(NCRMD) isa legal defense
9. available forindividualswhowere sufferingfromacute mental healthissuesthat"made themincapable
of understandingtheiractionsatthe time theycommittedthe criminal offense"(CenterforAddiction
and Mental Health,p.6,2013). Individualsdeemed“NotCriminallyResponsible onAccountof Mental
Disorder”(NCRMD) are providedtreatmentthroughforensicmental health,ratherthanbeingpunished
for theiractionsthroughthe prisonsystem. Asnotedabove,notall individualswithmentalhealth
issuesare judgedtobe “Not CriminallyResponsible onAccountof Mental Disorder” (NCRMD),infact
onlya verysmall portionof criminal actsare deemedtohave beencausedbyone’smental healthissues
- 0.001% (equatingtoapproximately250to 280 personsperyearin Ontario) (CenterforAddictionand
Mental Health,p.6,2013). In thissectionwe will exploreinthe processthatindividualswithmental
healthissuesgothroughuponenteringthe criminal justice systemandthe legal defenseof “Not
CriminallyResponsible onAccountof Mental Disorder”(NCRMD),fitnesstostandtrial,includingthe
compositionof the B.C.ReviewBoardanditsfunctions.
In the followingreadings,youwill alsobecome familiarwithcore assessmentpracticesandskillsin
regardsto forensicclients. Youwill gainknowledge relatedtospecificcontentissues(suchasclients
presentingwithahistoryof violentbehaviours,dissimilation,orsexual misbehavior),obtainingcollateral
informationandauxiliaryinvestigationswill alsobe explored. The role of the forensicpsychiatricnurse
will be exploredinthissectionaswell. Suicide assessmentandriskassessmentare essential forthese
populations,forpersonalandclientsafety. Suicideisthe mostcommoncause of deathincorrectional
facilitieswithsuicide attemptratesinthe federalcorrectionssystembeing“seventimesgreaterthan
the national average”(WHO,2007) (CenterforAddictionandMental Health,p.7, 2013). For reviewof
riskassessmentandsuicide assessment,alongwithde-escalationtechniques,pleasereferto
HLTH/SW4420’s Lesson5: Emergency Assessmentand Treatment.
LearningActivities
Readings
Readthe followinglinkrelatedtothe processthatindividualswithmental healthissuesexperience
withinthe forensicsystem,includingaspectsof the forensicassessment.
• What HappensInside the ForensicMental HealthSystem?,byCenterforAddiction andMental
Health(2012):
http://www.camh.ca/en/hospital/health_information/the_forensic_mental_health_system_in_
ontario/Pages/forensic_mhontario_whathappens.aspx
Readthe followingarticles,takingnotesrelatedtothe processof beingfoundNon-Criminally
Responsible onAccountof Mental Disorder(NCRMD),FitnesstoStandTrial,includingaccesstoservices.
• MentallyDisorderedAccusedandthe Justice SysteminBritishColumbia,bythe Governmentof
BritishColumbia–Ministryof AttorneyGeneral (2003): http://www.ag.gov.bc.ca/prosecution-
service/pdf/mentallyaccusedWEB.pdf
10. • Mental Illnessandthe Law,by JohnHowardSocietyof BritishColumbia(2013):
http://www.johnhowardbc.ca/images/jhsbc-factsheet-mental-illness.pdf
• Mental Healthand Criminal Justice PolicyFramework,byThe Centre forAddictionandMental
Health(2013), p. 1 - 10:
http://www.camh.ca/en/hospital/about_camh/influencing_public_policy/Documents/MH_Crim
inal_Justice_Policy_Framework.pdf
Readthe followingarticle,takingnotesinyourlearningjournal relatedtothe recidivismratesof the
Non-CriminallyResponsibleonaccountof Mental Disorder(NCRMD) populationinCanada.
• Aboutthe Not CriminallyResponsibledue toa Mental Disorder(NCRMD) PopulationinCanada,
by the Mental HealthCommissionof Canada(2013):
http://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/English/system/files/private/document/MHLaw_NCR
MD_Fact_Sheet_FINAL_ENG.pdf
Readthe followingchapterinyourassignedtextbook,focusingonthe skillsrelatedtoforensic
assessmentandhowtoconduct same.
• Chapter14: ForensicAssessment,byKlassen,P.&Wright,P.in PsychiatricClinical Skills –
RevisedFirstEdition,editedbyGoldbloom, D.S.(2010)
Readthe followingarticle relatedtoscreeningandassessment,suicide andself-injuryprevention/
managementof individualswithmentalhealthissuesinvolvedinthe criminal justice system.
• Mental HealthStrategyfor CorrectionsinCanadabyCorrectional Service Canada –sectionon
Screening and Assessment,p.12 includingsectionon Suicideand Self-Injury Prevention and
Managementp.14: http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/health/092/MH-strategy-eng.pdf
Readthe followinglinktakingnote of the screeningandassessmentof drugtreatmentinthe criminal
justice system.
• Drug Treatmentinthe Criminal Justice System:The CurrentState of Knowledge,bythe Urban
Institute (2003),Chapter2. ScreeningandAssessmentforDrugTreatmentinthe Criminal
Justice System,p.6 – 9:
http://www.urban.org/uploadedpdf/410618_NIDA1_KnowledgeRpt.pdf
Activity10.1 ForensicMental HealthDiagram:
Introduction
11. Understanding how the forensic mental health system functions is central to providing care for
offendersinanyareaof the criminal justice system.
Instructions
Using the information provided in this lesson create a diagram indicating a step by step process of
progressing through the forensic mental health system as a client, including the various possible
outcomes – such as fitness to stand trial and Not Criminally Responsible on account of Mental Disorder.
Please define any outstanding terms used in the forensic mental health system. This resource will be a
helpful resource foryouandyourcareerwithinmental health.
Topic 3: Key Components of Reporting and Treatment Requirements related to Criminal
Behaviour
Introduction
All federal,provincialandterritorial correctional jurisdictionsinCanadaare responsibleforproviding
“essential healthcare,includingmedical,dentalandmental healthcare,andreasonable accesstonon-
essential mental healthcare thatwill contribute tothe inmate’srehabilitationandsuccessful
reintegrationintothe community”(CorrectionsandConditionalRelease Act[CCRA],1992,c.20, s.86). It
followsthatcorrectionsingeneral are responsible forthe appropriate care andtreatmentof those
experiencingmental healthissuesintheirfacilities. Safeguardsforindividualsincorrectional systems
are putintoplace to “ensure theyare providedwithaccesstoessential servicesandsupports”
(Correctional Service Canada,p.6,2010). We will review the treatmentrequirementsthatare necessary
for individualsinvolvedinthe criminal justicesystem.
As healthcare professionalswe are legallyandethicallyobligatedtomaintainpatientprivacyand
confidentiality. Beingaware of issuesrelated toprivacyandconfidentiality,includinglegislature that
reinforcesthe protectionof patientprivacy,remaincentral toprovidingcare forthose involvedinthe
criminal justice system. However,itisalsoessentialtobe aware of whenone islegallyobligatedto
breachconfidentialitywithinforensicmental health,forexamplewhenapatientpresentsasa suicide
and/orhomicide risk,discussingsexual misbehaviororsubstance use. Please refertoHLTH-SW4420’s
Lesson2: Collaboration and TeamWorkin Clinical and Community Settings formore informationon
patientconfidentiality. Inthis sectionwe will alsoreview keycomponentsof reportinginrelationto
criminal justice populationsandhowconfidentialityappliestosame.
LearningActivities
Readings
Readthe followinglink. Take notesinyourlearningjournal of keypoints relatedtotreatment
requirementsof individualsinvolvedinthe criminaljustice system.
12. • Mental HealthStrategyfor CorrectionsinCanada,byCorrectional Service Canada(2010) –
sectionon Treatment,Services,and Supports,p.1 - 13: http://www.csc-
scc.gc.ca/health/092/MH-strategy-eng.pdf
Readthe followinglink, takingnotesinyourlearningjournal relatedto substance use treatmentin
criminal justice populations.
• Principlesof DrugAbuse TreatmentforCriminal Justice Populations –A ResearchBasedGuide,
by the National InstituteonDrugAbuse (2014):
http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-drug-abuse-treatment-criminal-justice-
populations/principles
• Drug Treatmentinthe Criminal Justice System:The CurrentState of Knowledge,bythe Urban
Institute (2003),Chapter3. Drug Treatmentinthe Criminal Justice System, p.10 – 13:
http://www.urban.org/uploadedpdf/410618_NIDA1_KnowledgeRpt.pdf
Readthe followinglink, takingnotesinyourlearningjournal relatedto consent,confidentiality,forensic
evaluation,andduty toreport/protect.
• EthicsGuidelinesforthe Practice of ForensicPsychiatry,bythe AmericanAcademyof Psychiatry
and the Law (2014): http://www.aapl.org/ethics.htm
• Ethical IssuesinConductingForensicEvaluations,byKalmbachK.C.& Lyons,P.M. (2006):
http://www.apcj.org/documents/2_3_Ethics_foren.pdf
Readthe followingdocumentprovided,takingnotesonthe strategyof diversionandthe mental health
obligationsof the CorrectionalServiceof Canada.
• CurrentIssuesinMental HealthinCanada: Mental healthandthe Criminal Justice System,by
Dupuis,T.,MacKay, R., & Nicol,J.(2013):
http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/2013-88-e.pdf
Topic 4: Core Skills and Behaviours that Support High Quality Care of Individuals Involved
with the Criminal Justice System and their Families
Introduction
Individualsinvolvedinthe criminal justice systemdeserve accesstoqualitycare thatis non-
discriminatoryinpractice. Havinganon-discriminatoryapproachiscentral toprovidingcare forthose in
the criminal justice systemwhohave committedseriouscriminaloffenses(suchas:abuse,sexual
misbehaviour,sexual contactwithaminor,animal torture). Itisnormal howevertofeel emotionally
13. triggeredbysuchbehavioursandisthusimportantto recognize one’striggersandreactionsinworking
withthese populations. Forskillsrelatedtotherapeuticconnectionforindividualspresentingwith
antisocial behaviours(suchasactive self-reflection,enhancingempathy,professionalboundarysetting
and counter-transference) pleaserefertoHLTH-SW4420’s Lesson11: Caring for individualswith
personalitydisordersand theirfamilies to review strategies. Inthissectionwe willreview afew
commontherapeuticcommunicationstrategiesthatcanbe utilizedwithforensicclientsingeneral. We
will alsoreview the importance of earlyinterventionandcrime prevention,socialreintegration,andthe
recoverymodel forthose involvedinthe criminaljustice system. The standardsof practice for forensic
mental healthnursingwillalsobe exploredinthissection. Providingsupportandeducationforfamily
membersremainsvital foracomprehensive integrated mental healthsystemforindividualsinvolvedin
the criminal justice systemandcontinuestobe emphasized.
LearningActivities
Readings
Readthe followingdocument. Take notesinyourlearningjournal of keypoints relatedtotherapeutic
communicationtechniquesforforensicmentalhealthnursingasyouread.
• What makesa QualityTherapeuticRelationshipinPsychiatric/Mental HealthNursing:A Review
of the ResearchLiterature,byDziopa,F.& Ahern,K.J.(2009), in InternetJournalof Advanced
Nursing Practice,10 1: 7-7.
Readthe followingarticle provided,takingnotesregardingthe applicationof the recoveryparadigmin
forensicmental healthservices.
• The RecoveryParadigminForensicMental HealthServices, bySimpson,A.I.F.,Penney,S.R.,in
(2011), CriminalBehaviourand MentalHealth. Vol:21,p. 299 – 306, DOI: 10.1002/cbm.823
Readthe followinglink,takingnotesrelatedtothe social integrationof individualsinvolvedinthe
criminal justice system.
• The Social Reintegrationof OffendersandCrime Prevention,bythe Governmentof Canada,
section- Mentally Ill Offenders:http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/scl-
rntgrtn/index-eng.aspx#s13
Readthe followingdocument takingnotesinyourlearningjournalof keypoints relatedtothe standards
of practice forforensicmental healthnursingasyouread.
• ForensicMental HealthNursing - Standardsof Practice 2012:
http://www.forensicare.vic.gov.au/assets/pubs/Nursing%20Standards%202012.pdf
