2. Pre-Historic Maps
Cave paintings at
o Trois-Freres, Montesquieu-Avantès, in France – c. 13,000 BC
o Lascaux, in France – c. 15,000 BC
o El Castillo, in Spain – c 12,000 BC
3. Pre-Historic Maps
Cave paintings at
o Trois-Freres, Montesquieu-Avantès, in France – c. 13,000 BC
o Lascaux, in France – c. 15,000 BC
o El Castillo, in Spain – c 12,000 BC
Rock carvings at
ȱ Pavlov, in the Czech Republic – c. 23,000 BC
ȱ Çatalhöyük, Anatolia, in Turkey – c. 15,000 BC
13. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea
» They show Compass Directions and Distances
14. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea
» They show Compass Directions and Distances
» Typically drawn on sheepskin
15. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea
» They show Compass Directions and Distances
» Typically drawn on sheepskin
» Marks the 32 directions on a Mariner’s compass
16. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea
» They show Compass Directions and Distances
» Typically drawn on sheepskin
» Marks the 32 directions on a Mariner’s compass
» Show only coastline, no detail of the interior
17. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea
» They show Compass Directions and Distances
» Typically drawn on sheepskin
» Marks the 32 directions on a Mariner’s compass
» Show only coastline, no detail of the interior
» Medieval Portolani typically show North to the top of the map
18. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea
» They show Compass Directions and Distances
» Typically drawn on sheepskin
» Marks the 32 directions on a Mariner’s compass
» Show only coastline, no detail of the interior
» Medieval Portolani typically show North to the top of the map
» Only useful when in sight of land
19. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea
» They show Compass Directions and Distances
» Typically drawn on sheepskin
» Marks the 32 directions on a Mariner’s compass
» Show only coastline, no detail of the interior
» Medieval Portolani typically show North to the top of the map
» Only useful when in sight of land
» Used with a pilots’ log containing records of reefs, shoals, etc.
» Pilots’ log books were know as Rutter or Peripli
20. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea
» They show Compass Directions and Distances
» Typically drawn on sheepskin
» Marks the 32 directions on a Mariner’s compass
» Show only coastline, no detail of the interior
» Medieval Portolani typically show North to the top of the map
» Only useful when in sight of land
» Used with a pilots’ log containing records of reefs, shoals, etc.
» Pilots’ log books were know as Rutter or Peripli
» Were considered state secrets in Portugal and Spain
26. Pilgrim Maps
Before the Roman came to Rye or out to Severn strode,
The rolling English drunkard made the rolling English road.
A reeling road, a rolling road, that rambles round the shire,
And after him the parson ran, the sexton and the squire;
A merry road, a mazy road, and such as we did tread
The night we went to Birmingham by way of Beachy Head.
• Also called Itinerary, Journey or Strip Maps
27. Pilgrim Maps
Before the Roman came to Rye or out to Severn strode,
The rolling English drunkard made the rolling English road.
A reeling road, a rolling road, that rambles round the shire,
And after him the parson ran, the sexton and the squire;
A merry road, a mazy road, and such as we did tread
The night we went to Birmingham by way of Beachy Head.
• Also called Itinerary, Journey or Strip Maps
• Depict a route from one place to another
e.g. from London to Canterbury
28. Pilgrim Maps
Before the Roman came to Rye or out to Severn strode,
The rolling English drunkard made the rolling English road.
A reeling road, a rolling road, that rambles round the shire,
And after him the parson ran, the sexton and the squire;
A merry road, a mazy road, and such as we did tread
The night we went to Birmingham by way of Beachy Head.
• Also called Itinerary, Journey or Strip Maps
• Depict a route from one place to another
e.g. from London to Canterbury
• Show the Route as a straight line
29. Pilgrim Maps
Before the Roman came to Rye or out to Severn strode,
The rolling English drunkard made the rolling English road.
A reeling road, a rolling road, that rambles round the shire,
And after him the parson ran, the sexton and the squire;
A merry road, a mazy road, and such as we did tread
The night we went to Birmingham by way of Beachy Head.
• Also called Itinerary, Journey or Strip Maps
• Depict a route from one place to another
e.g. from London to Canterbury
• Show the Route as a straight line
• Show Waypoints and Landmarks along the way
30. Pilgrim Maps
I knew no harm of Bonaparte and plenty of the Squire,
And for to fight the Frenchman I did not much desire;
But I did bash their baggonets because they came arrayed
To straighten out the crooked road an English drunkard made,
Where you and I went down the lane with ale-mugs in our hands,
The night we went to Glastonbury by way of Goodwin Sands.
31. Pilgrim Maps
I knew no harm of Bonaparte and plenty of the Squire,
And for to fight the Frenchman I did not much desire;
But I did bash their baggonets because they came arrayed
To straighten out the crooked road an English drunkard made,
Where you and I went down the lane with ale-mugs in our hands,
The night we went to Glastonbury by way of Goodwin Sands.
32. Pilgrim Maps
His sins they were forgiven him; or why do flowers run
Behind him; and the hedges all strengthening in the sun?
The wild thing went from left to right and knew not which was which,
But the wild rose was above him when they found him in the ditch.
God pardon us, nor harden us; we did not see so clear
The night we went to Bannockburn by way of Brighton Pier.
33. Pilgrim Maps
His sins they were forgiven him; or why do flowers run
Behind him; and the hedges all strengthening in the sun?
The wild thing went from left to right and knew not which was which,
But the wild rose was above him when they found him in the ditch.
God pardon us, nor harden us; we did not see so clear
The night we went to Bannockburn by way of Brighton Pier.
34. Pilgrim Maps
My friends, we will not go again or ape an ancient rage,
Or stretch the folly of our youth to be the shame of age,
But walk with clearer eyes and ears this path that wandereth,
And see undrugged in evening light the decent inn of death;
For there is good news yet to hear and fine things to be seen,
Before we go to Paradise by way of Kensal Green.
48. Map Projections
Projections – Gnomic
Often used by Seismologists,
because seismic waves tend to travel along
great circles.
Used by navies in plotting direction finding bearings,
since radio signals travel along great circles
60. Scully: On the old mariner maps, the cartographers would
designate unexplored territories by simply writing “Here Be
Monsters”.
Mulder: I've seen the same thing on maps of New York City.
— The X-Files, "Quagmire"
61. Scully: On the old mariner maps, the cartographers would
designate unexplored territories by simply writing “Here Be
Monsters”.
Mulder: I've seen the same thing on maps of New York City.
— The X-Files, "Quagmire"
~ “Here be Dragons” – “HIC SVNT DRACONES” in Latin.
62. Scully: On the old mariner maps, the cartographers would
designate unexplored territories by simply writing “Here Be
Monsters”.
Mulder: I've seen the same thing on maps of New York City.
— The X-Files, "Quagmire"
~ “Here be Dragons” – “HIC SVNT DRACONES” in Latin.
~ Phrase first appears on the Hunt-Lenox Globe (ca. 1503-1507).
~ Map Location is Indonesia, so may refer to Komodo Dragons.
63. Scully: On the old mariner maps, the cartographers would
designate unexplored territories by simply writing “Here Be
Monsters”.
Mulder: I've seen the same thing on maps of New York City.
— The X-Files, "Quagmire"
~ “Here be Dragons” – “HIC SVNT DRACONES” in Latin.
~ Phrase first appears on the Hunt-Lenox Globe (ca. 1503-1507).
~ Map Location is Indonesia, so may refer to Komodo Dragons.
~ “HIC SVNT LEONES” was the traditional phrase.
64. Scully: On the old mariner maps, the cartographers would
designate unexplored territories by simply writing “Here Be
Monsters”.
Mulder: I've seen the same thing on maps of New York City.
— The X-Files, "Quagmire"
~ “Here be Dragons” – “HIC SVNT DRACONES” in Latin.
~ Phrase first appears on the Hunt-Lenox Globe (ca. 1503-1507).
~ Map Location is Indonesia, so may refer to Komodo Dragons.
~ “HIC SVNT LEONES” was the traditional phrase.
~ Pictures of dragons and serpents did appear on older maps.
Cave paintings at Trois-Freres in France, 18,000-15,000 BC
Cave paintings at Trois-Freres in France, 18,000-15,000 BC
Cave paintings at Trois-Freres in France, 18,000-15,000 BC
Sumerian Star map from Nineveh, c. 3300 BCSu Song Star map from China, c. 1020-1101 (Song Dynasty)Star Map, Albrecht Durer, 1515
Sumerian Star map from Nineveh, c. 3300 BCSu Song Star map from China, c. 1020-1101 (Song Dynasty)Star Map, Albrecht Durer, 1515
Sumerian Star map from Nineveh, c. 3300 BCSu Song Star map from China, c. 1020-1101 (Song Dynasty)Star Map, Albrecht Durer, 1515
Sumerian Star map from Nineveh, c. 3300 BCSu Song Star map from China, c. 1020-1101 (Song Dynasty)Star Map, Albrecht Durer, 1515
CartaPisanaPortolan Chart, c.1275–1300
Portolan Chart of Pedro Reinal, 1504
Gough Map, 1360
Gough Map, 1360 – Detail of East Anglia
Matthew Paris Itinerary Map
John Ogilvy Itinerary Map
John Ogilby Road Map from London to Land’s End
Senex Guide Map, 1719
Mercator World Map, 1569
Panoramic Genoa, 1704
“Rhinebeck” Panoramic London, 1810
“Rhinebeck” Panoramic London, 1810
“Rhinebeck” Panoramic London, 1810
London Underground Map, 1908
1932 London Tube Map
Beck’s Map of the London Underground, 1933
Hunt-Lenox Globe (ca. 1503-1507)
Hunt-Lenox Globe (ca. 1503-1507)
Hunt-Lenox Globe (ca. 1503-1507)“Carta Marina” of Scandinavia (1539)
The Flat Earth Society (also known as the International Flat Earth Society or the International Flat Earth Research Society) is an organization that seeks to further the idea that the Earth is flat instead of an oblate spheroid. The modern organization was founded by Englishman Samuel Shenton (a signwriter from Dover) in 1956[1]and was a successor to the Universal Zetetic Society. It was later led by Charles K. Johnson, who based the organization in his home in Lancaster, California. The formal society was inactive after Johnson’s death in 2001 but was resurrected in 2004 by its new president Daniel Shenton (not related to Samuel).Wilbur Glenn Voliva – Flat Earth Map Wilbur Glenn Voliva (March 10, 1870 – October 11, 1942[1]) was an evangelist and a prominent proponent of Flat Earth theories.
